COTLAND, the northern and smaller division of Great Britain, is bounded on the east by the North Sea, on the west and north by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by England and the Irish Sea. It formerly constituted a separate kingdom, and is naturally, in various respects, a distinct district. The shores are much more broken than those of the southern portion of the island, present grander headlands, are in general more rocky, and have a distinguishing feature in the immense number of insular masses adjacent to them. Few of the broad open valleys and spacious undulating plains, distinctive of the English landscape, mark the interior; but in most parts, ranges of bold hills or mountains limit the view of the observer in one or several directions, often at no great distance. The highlands of Scotland are not only more extensive but also loftier than those of England, and contain a far larger number of lakes. The two sections of the island also widely differ in their geology. Non-fossiliferous rocks, igneous or metamorphic, prevail