me no less important than the ruins themselves; there. fore this portion of the subject has been kept in view; and I have also reviewed the various theories and suggestions put forward from time to time to explain the ancient American civilizations, adding suggestions of my own. The pictorial illustrations used are all from original drawings, and are believed to be authentic, although in some cases (such as No. 5, for instance) restored views are given, and the works are shown as they were, probably, when the lines and surfaces were new and unworn. A few of the illustrations were prepared for this work, but most of them have been copied from drawings made by Mr. Squier and others for the work of Squier and Davis on the Mound-Builders, published by the Smithsonian Institution; from Catherwood's views of the Mexican and Central American ruins; and from drawings made originally for the work of Von Tschudi and Rivero, and for Harper's Magazine, on Peru. The two full-page illustrations of Mitla are from Desiré Charnay's photographs; the others were drawn by Von Temski. The restored Pueblo edifice and its ground plan have been drawn in accordance with the suggestions and sketches of Lieutenant Simpson; the other views of Pueblo ruins were made originally for Harper's Magazine. In the Appendix will be found several papers which have only an indirect connection with the main topic; LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Gateway at Labna... 2. Great Mound near Miamisburg.. 3. Square Mound near Marietta. 4. Works at Cedar Bank, Ohio... 5. Works in Washington County, Mississippi 6. Works at Hopeton, Ohio.... 7. Principal Figures of the Hopeton Works. 8. Graded Way near Piketon, Ohio 9. Great Serpent Inclosure.... 10. Fortified Hill, Butler County, Ohio.. 11. Stone-work in Paint Creek Valley, Ohio. 12. Work on North Fork of Paint Creek.. 13. Ancient Work, Pike County, Ohio 14. Work near Brownsville, Ohio 15. Works near Liberty, Ohio. 16. Work in Randolph County, Indiana... 17. 18. } Vases from the Mounds... 19. Ancient Mining Shaft... 20. Pueblo Ruin at Pecos.. 80 21. Modern Zuni..... 22. Ruins in the Valley of the Gila. 23. Pueblo Building restored... 24. Ground Plan of the Building. 81 83 87 88 25. Arch of Los Monjas, Uxmal. 98 26. Arch most common in the Ruins. 27. Casa No. 1, Palenque... 28. Casa No. 2 (La Cruz), Palenque.. 100 107 108 29. Great Wall at Copan 112 30. Ruins at Mitla.. 116 31. Great Hall at Mitla.. 118 32. A ruined "Palace" at Mitla.. 119 33. Mosaic Decoration at Mitla 34. Great Mound at Mayapan.. 35. Circular Edifice at Mayapan 36. Casa del Gobernador, Uxmal.. 37. Ground Plan ..... 38. Two-headed Figure at Uxmal. 120 127 129 132 132 133 |