VOLUME II. PAGE 112.

The parliamentary papers referred to give the following copy of these instructions:

"That the Persian government shall conclude an equitable arrangement with the government of Herat, and shall cease to weaken and disturb these countries.

"That the Persian government, according to the stipulations of the general treaty, shall conclude a commercial treaty with Great Britain, and that it shall place the commercial agents of Great Britain on the same footing, with respect to privileges, &c., as the consuls of other powers.

"That the person who seized and ill-treated Ali Mahomed Beg, a messenger of the British mission, shall be punished; and that a firmaun shall be issued, such as shall prevent the recurrence of so flagrant a violation of the laws and customs of nations.

"That the Persian government shall publicly abandon the pretension it has advanced, to a right to seize and punish the Persian servants of the British mission without reference to the British minister.

"That the Governor of Bushire, who threatened the safety of the British resident there, shall be removed; that the other persons concerned in that transaction shall be punished; and that measures shall be taken to prevent the recurrence of such proceedings."

ROYAL FIRMAUNS.

"Preamble of a treaty between Futtee Ali Shah, King of Persia, and the Marquis of Wellesley, Governor-General of India, by Sir John Malcolm.*

"Praise be to God, who said, 'Oh, you who believe, perform your contracts, perform your covenant with God, and enter into covenant with Him, and violate not your engagements after the ratification thereof;' after the voice is raised to the glory of the God of the world, and the brain is perfumed with the scent of the saints and prophets, to whom be health and glory, whose rare perfections are perpetually chaunted by birds of melodious notes (angels), furnished with two, three, and four pair of wings, and to the highest seated in the heavens, for whom good has been predestinated, and the perfume mixed with musk, which scenteth the celestial mansions of those that sing hymns in the ethereal sphere, and to the light of the flame of the Most High, which gives radiant splendour to the collected view of those who dwell in the heavenly regions. The clear meaning of the treaty which has been established on a solid basis, is fully explained in this page, and is fixed as a prescription of law, that in the world of existence and trouble, in this universe of creation and concord, there is no action among those of mankind that tends more to the perfection of the human race, or to answer the end of their being and existence, than that of cementing

This treaty was formed in 1800, at Sir John's first visit to Persia, and had reference to the Persians supplying a large force to protect the Honourable Company's territories from the incursions of the Affghauns.

friendship, and establishing intercourse, communication, and connexion betwixt each other. The image reflected from the mirror of accomplishment is a tree fruitful and abundant, and one that produces good both now and hereafter. To illustrate the allusions that it has been proper to make, and explain these metaphors worthy of exposition at this happy period of auspicious aspect, a treaty has been concluded between the high in dignity, the exalted in station, attended by fortune of great and splendid power; the greatest amongst the high viziers in whom confidence is placed, the faithful of the powerful government, the adorned with greatness, power, glory, splendour, and fortune, Hadji Ibraham Khan, on being granted leave, and vested with authority from the principal post of the high king, whose court is like that of Solyman, the asylum of the world, the sign of the power of God, the jewel in the King of Kings, the ornament in the cheek of eternal empire, the grace of the beauty of sovereignty and royalty, the king of the universe, like Caherman, the mansion of mercy and justice, the Phoenix of good fortune, the eminence of never-fading prosperity, the King, powerful as Alexander, who has no equal among the princes exalted to majesty by the heavens in the globe, or shade from the shade of the Most High, a Khoosroo, whose saddle is the moon, and whose stirrup is the new moon, a prince of great rank, before whom the sun is concealed."

(Then follow the Arabic verses, or compliments to the envoy.)

"Thy benevolence is universally dispersed, every where drops are scattered, thy kindness shadows cities, may God fix firm the basis of thy dominion, and may God fix and extend thy power over the servants of the Almighty; and high in

station and dignity, the great and able in power, the adorner of those acquainted with manners, Captain John Malcolm, delegated from the sublime quarter of the high in power, seated on a throne, the asylum of the world, the chief jewel in the crown of royalty and sovereignty, the anchor of the vessel of victory and fortune, the ship on the sea of glory and empire, the blazing sun in the sky of greatness and glory, lords of the countries of England and India, may God strengthen his territories, and establish his glory and commands upon the seas! in the manner explained in his credentials, which are sealed with the seal of the most powerful and the most glorious, possessing fortune, the origin of rank, splendour, and nobility, the ornament of the world, the accomplisher of the works of mankind, the Governor-General of India.

"The treaty between these two great states shall be binding on race after race, while the world exists, and act in conformity to what is now settled.

"Article I. As long as the sun, illuminating the circle of the two great contracting parties, shines on their sovereign dominions, and bestows light on the whole world, the beautiful image of excellent union shall remain fixed on the mirror of duration and perpetuity, the thread of shameful enmity and distance shall be cut, conditions of mutual aid and assistance between the two states shall be instituted, and all causes of hatred and hostility shall be banished." (Then follow four other articles, the treaty being bound by the following conclusion):-" While time endures, and while the world exists, the contents of this exalted treaty shall remain an admired picture in the mirror of duration and perpetuity, and submission to the fair image on this conspicuous page shall be everlasting."

Firmaun relative to the Mines in Persia, from the Shah to his Son, Abbas Meerza.

In the year of the Hegira, 1245. (A.D. 1830).

"The royal and auspicious command of his Majesty was issued (to wit) that the keys of the gates of prosperity, and the brilliancy of the soul of royalty—the accomplished and distinguished son-the deputy of this everlasting sovereignty, Abbas Meerza, may he be blessed and happy. And be it known to him, that according to what has been represented to our illustrious presence, that incomparable son has granted to the sagacious, faithful, and highly distinguished servant, his Excellency the important affairs of the mines of Azerbijan, and has committed the execution of that important service to the charge of the endeavours of the above-mentioned distinguished gentleman; and since the manners of the sagacity, and the intellectual power of the above-mentioned gentleman has become manifest to the presence of his Majesty. We have from the beginning of the year 1244, and the time to come, granted the execution of that important affair to the above-mentioned gentleman, that according as it suits that distinguished gentleman's natural talent, he may employ his skill and services towards that concern, he may bring the wellinformed miners from whatever country he may find out, and employ according to his own management and sagacity; so that he may prove the manifestation of his services in procuring the fruits of the mines. And we further command, that that son, according to what he had agreed, will confine the execution of that important science to the above-mentioned gentleman, and all the necessary helps on your part should be stored upon him, and to establish him in his im