honoured with the laurel by the hands of the emperor Charles V. He was naturally affable, always assuming less than his due, yet never putting up with a known injury even from his superiors. He was so fearful on the water, that, whenever he went out of a ship, he would see others go before him; and, on land, he would alight from his horse on the least apprehension of danger. He was of an amorous disposition, and left two natural sons. He enjoyed the friendship of the most eminent men of learning in his time, most of whom he mentions with great respect in the last canto of his Orlando Furioso. His constitution was but weakly, so that he was obliged to have recourse to physicians during the greater part of his life. He bore his last sickness with great resolution and serenity; and died at Ferrara the 18th of July 1533, according to Sir John Harrington, being then 59 years of age. He was interred in the church of the Benedictine monks, who, contrary to their custom, attended his funeral. He had a bust erected to him, and an epitaph, written by himself, inscribed upon his tomb.

GIOVANNI RUCELLAI, son of Bernardo Rucellai, a distinguished Italian poet, was born in 1475. Improving the advantages which he naturally enjoyed under his father's roof, he became a distinguished scholar, and in 1505, the republic of Florence nominated him ambassador to the Venetian state. He took a very active part in the tumult raised by the younger citizens, in the year 1512, to promote the return of the Medici to Florence. Under the elevation of pope Leo X., who was his relation, Giovanni, in hopes of preferment, repaired to Rome, and entered into the ecclesiastical order; and in 1515, he attended Leo on his visit to Florence, on which occasion, the pontiff was entertained in the Rucellai gardens with the representation of the tragedy of " Rosmonda," written by Giovanni. Leo shewed the greatest attachment to his relation, and sent him, at a very critical period, as nuncio, to the court of Francis I., where he was at the death of Leo X. On that event, he returned to Florence, and was sent to congratulate the new pope, Adrian VI. on his accession. In this, as well as in the pontificate of Leo X.; and also in the succeeding one of Clement VII., to whom he was related, he had the most sanguine hope of promotion to a cardinalate. He died in 1526, without attaining to the object of his ambition. As an author, Giovanni is known by "Le Api," The Bees, which is a didactic poem, in unrhymed verse, and bears a high rank among Italian compositions in that class. His tragedy, Rosmonda, already noticed, and his Orestes, are imitations; the former of the Hecuba of Euripides, the latter of the Iphigenia in Tauris.

JOHN GEORGE TRISSINO, an Italian poet, born at Vicenzo, in 1478. His tragedy "Sophonisba," was acted at

Rome, by order of pope Leo, and received great applause. His chief work is a poem on " Italy delivered from the Goths." He died in 1550. His works were printed at Verona, in 2 vols., folio, 1729.

NICHOLAS COUNT DE ARCO, a Latin poet, was born at Arco in the Tyrol, in 1479, and died in 1546. His poems were printed at Mantua in 1546, 4to.; and again at Padua, so late as 1759, 2 vols.; 4to.

STEPHEN HAWES, an English poet, a native of Suffolk, and educated at Oxford. He travelled over England, Scotland, France, and Italy, and became a professor in French and Italian poetry. He became one of the household of Henry VII., and was in high esteem by that monarch.

Hawes' principal work is his "Pastime of Pleasure," first printed by Wynkyn de Worde, in 1517, with wood-cuts. Warton says, this work abounds in uncommon touches of romantic and allegoric fiction. The personifications are often happily sustained, and indicate the writer's familiarity with the Provençal school; he also says, that "Hawes has added new graces to Lydgate's manners." Hawes' other works, are "The Temple of Glass," in imitation of Chaucer's "Temple of Fame." "The Conversyon of Swerers," and one or two other rarities.

GUILLAUME DUBOIS DIT CRETIN, an old French poet, was a native of Lyons, and died in the year 1525. He was historiographer to the king, under the reign of Charles VIII., Louis XII., and Francis I., of France. His works were reprinted at Paris, in 1742; they are full of puns, conundrums, and equivocal expressions, as has justly been observed by Rabelais in his Pantagruel, where Cretin is designed by the name of old Rominagrobis.

CAMILLO QUERNO, an Italian poet, a native of Monopolis in the kingdom of Naples. He went to Rome with a poem called Alexias, which being read to some tyros, they made a feast, and crowned Querno with the title of arch-poet. Leo X. admitted him to his parties, and was highly delighted by his buffoonery. After the taking of Rome, Čretin went to Naples, where he died in 1528.

PETER GRAVINA, a Latin poet, was born at Palermo. He became canon of Naples, and died at Rome, of the plague, in 1528. His poems were published at Naples, in 1532; 4to. His epigrams have excited much admiration.

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MAURUS TERENTIANUS, a Latin poet and grammarian, was a native of Carthage. He wrote a poem, literis, syllabis, pedibus, et metris," published at Milan, in 1497; and also in the "Corpus Poetarum Romanorum," Geneva, 1611; 2 vols.; 4to.

ROWLEY, an English monk, who flourished at Bristol, is said

to have been an author voluminous and elegant. Of the poems attributed to him, and published by the unfortunate Chatterton, various opinions have been entertained. They seem now to be almost forgotten. For further information, see the life of Chatterton in this work.

DAVID STEEL, a Scottish poet, who wrote a work, which is uncommonly scarce, entitled, "The Thrie Tales of the Thrie Priests of Peblis," containing many curious examples and sentences. He styles himself a dean, and is frequently mentioned as the writer of a poem, known by the title of the Ring of the Roy Robert; a copy of it is to be found in the Maitland MSS. at Cambridge. It has often been unfaithfully printed in Watson's choice Collection of Scots Poems.

EDMUND DAVID, a Welsh poet. He was born at Hanmer, in Flintshire, and presided at a congress of bards at Caermarthen, assembled by a commission from Edward IV. At this meeting, a body of canons of Welsh poetry was formed, which the bards of another province opposed.

HENRY the MINSTREL, or BLIND HARRY, a Scotch poet. He was a travelling bard, yet had some knowledge of the Latin and French languages; and also of divinity and astronomy, though blind from his birth. He composed a history of Wallace, in Scottish verse; the best edition of which is that of Perth, in 3 vols 12mo. 1790.

THOMAS STERNHOLD, an English poet, born in Hampshire, and educated at Wykeham's school near Winchester, about 1480. He afterwards studied at the university of Oxford, but did not graduate. He obtained the place of groom of the robes to king Henry VIII., and was left 100 marks by the will of that monarch. He enjoyed the same office under Edward VI., and was held in some esteem at court for his poetical abilities. With the honest intention of discouraging wanton songs, he turned into English metre 51 of the Psalms of David; the rest were executed by Hopkins; and this version of the "Psalms by Sternhold and Hopkins," was long so much esteemed that it was used in the English service, and printed along with the Book of Common Prayer, till Tate and Brady's more elegant version was preferred. But by the time of queen Anne, from the alteration of the language, &c. this version was become so obsolete, that Dean Swift treats these two poets with as little respect as Virgil treated Mavius and Bavius. Speaking of a bad poet of his own time, he says "Sternhold himself he outSternholded." But the dean should have made allowance for the period at which they wrote. Sternhold died at London, in 1549, with the excellent character of a zealous reformer, and a very strict moralist.

WILLIAM FOULON, a Dutch poet, was born in 1483 at the Hague, and died in 1558 at Horden, of which place he was

burgo-master, after having taught a school with great reputation. He wrote three Latin comedies, 1. Commentarii Historici et Morales ad lib Maccabæorum, 2 vols. fol. 2. Historia Leodiensis, 3 vols. fol.

VERONICA GAMBARA, an Italian poetess, born in 1485, was the daughter of count John Francis Gambara. In 1509 she became the wife of Giberto X., lord of Correggio, whom she survived many years. She amused herself in her widowhood by the cultivation of her poetical talents. In 1528 she went to reside at Bologna, with a brother who was governor of that city, where she established an academy which became the resort of the literati, who then resided at the Roman court. On her return to Correggio, she was honoured by having for a guest the emperor Charles V. She died in 1550. Her works, which had been dispersed in various collections of the time, were published by Zamboni in 1759, Brescia, 8vo. with a life of the authoress. They display a high degree of originality and vivacity, both in sentiment and language.

AURELLI, or ARELLI, a Latin poet, who obtained the government of a district from Leo X., but whose tyrannical behaviour made the inhabitants throw him into a well, in 1520. His poems are much in the manner of Catullus.

PAUL CERRATO, a Latin poet, descended of a noble family, was born at Alba, in Montferrat, in 1485; and though by profession a lawyer, he acquired a very great literary reputation. Several editions were printed of his epithalamium, written in Latin verse, on the nuptials of William marquis of Montferrat and Anne de Mencon, in 1508; but his principal performance was a poem "De Verginitate," in three books, heroic measure. Scaliger the elder reckons Cerrato among the first poets in Italy, though he says that he had so much accustomed himself to the lofty style, that he could not descend to the familiar, but would describe a fly in terms as elevated as he would a hero. His works are inserted in the "Delica Poetarum," and the last separate edition of them, with an elegant biographical memoir prefixed, was given by Signor Joseph Vernazza a Verselli in 1778.

HESSUS EOBANUS, an admired Latin poet of Hesse, was born January 6, 1488, under a tree in the fields, which seems to indicate that he was of mean parentage. He, became, however, so famous by his poetical talents, as to be called the German Homer. He taught the belles lettres at Hafort and Nuremberg, then at Marpurg, where the landgrave of Hesse loaded him with favours. Eobanus was addicted to excessive drinking, in which he prided himself. He died October 5, 1540, at Marpurg. He translated Theocritus into Latin verse, 1531, 8vo.; and also Homer's Iliad, 8vo. His Eclogues were printed in 1539, 8vo.; and his poem "De tuenda bona valetudine," in 1564, 8vo.

ULRIC DE HUTTON, a gentleman of Franconia, of uncommon parts and learning, born at Seckenburgh, the seat of his family, in 1488. He studied at Tulda in 1506, and took the degree of M.A. at Frankfort on the Oder; after which he went into the imperial army, and was at the siege of Padua in 1509, where he gave proofs of his courage. Having published several poetical pieces which were much admired, the emperor, Maximilian I., upon his return to Germany in 1516, bestowed on him the poetical crown. His cousin John de Hutton, count marshal to Úlric, duke of Wirtemberg, having suffered the fate of Uriah, being murdered by the duke for the sake of his beautiful wife, our soldier poet gave vent to his vengeance, not only by his pen, in satirizing the duke in various poems, letters, orations, and dialogues collected and printed at Mecklenburg in 1519, 4to, but also by his sword; for the duke being impeached before the diet of Augsburg, for this and other crimes, and a league being formed against him, Hutton engaged heartily in the war. About 1520, the doctrines of Luther having now made some noise, Hutton employed his pen in defence of that great reformer, and published Leo the Xth's bull against him, with such comments as placed the pope in a most ridiculous point of view, and exasperated him so much, that he wrote to Albert elector of Mentz, in whose military service Hutton had engaged, to send him bound hand and foot to Rome. Hutton then withdrew to Brabant, and was for some time at the court of the emperor Charles V. He afterwards went to Ebernburg, where he was protected by Francis de Sickengen, Luther's friend, and where he performed a very generous action. Having succeeded to the family estate, he gave it entirely up to his brothers, and even enjoined them not to remit him any money, or hold any correspondence with him, lest they should be involved in his persecution. After this he devoted himself wholly to the cause of the Reformation, which he laboured incessantly to advance, both by his writings and actions. He died in August 1523, in an island on the lake of Zurich. His Latin poems were published at Frankfort in 12mo, in 1538.

ANGELO FIRENZUOLA, so called from the Italian name of his native city, Florence, though his family name was Nanini. He was celebrated in his time as a poet. He originally practised as an advocate at Rome, and then became an ecclesiastic of the congregation of Vallombrosa. He enjoyed the friendship of pope Clement VII., who was an admirer of his works. He died at Rome in 1545.

GOMEZ DE CIVIDAD REAL ALVAREZ, a Spanish poet, was a native of Guadalaxara, and born in 1488, and died in 1538. He was page of honour to Charles V., and was the author of "Thalia Christiana," or the triumph of Jesus Christ, a poem; "Musa Paulina," or the Epistles of St. Paul, in