in devoting his muse to religion, and, therefore, a great part of his poems are addressed either to Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, or some of the saints. His prose is neither so pure nor so correct as that of Agricola, and from it alone one would not believe that by incessant reading of the works of Cicero, as he himself declares, he attained to his astonishing readiness in Latin poetry. If I except the 'Vallum Humanitatis,' all Herman von dem Busche's works are literary rarities, though the greater part of them went through two or three editions during his life-time."

CLAUDE DE SEYSSEL, an historical and political writer, was born, according to some, in Savoy; to others, in Bugei. He professed the law with great applause at Turin, and obtained the places of master of requests and counsellor under Lewis XII., of France. He attended in the name of that prince at the council of Lateran, and was promoted to the bishopric of Marseilles in 1510, and to the archbishopric of Turin, in 1517. He died in 1520. Seyssel published a number of works, theological, juridical, and historical, and French translations of Eusebius's ecclesiastical history, Thucydides, Appian, Diodorus, Xenophon, Justin, and Seneca. He is said to have been the first who alledged the Salic law as influencing the succession to the crown of France. His "Grand Monarchie de France," published in 1519, and translated by Sleidan into Latin, maintains the bold proposition that the French constitution is a mixed monarchy, and that the King is dependent on the parliament. In his "Histoire de Lewis XII., Pere du Peuple," 1508, often reprinted, he is a perpetual panegyrist of that prince, but gives some curious facts, especially respecting the reign of Lewis XI., whose vices are exposed by way of con- 1 trast. Seyssel's versions of Greek authors appear to have been made from Latin translations, and are often incorrect; but he is praised as the first who wrote in French with tolerable purity.

PAUL CORONEL, a learned Spanish ecclesiastic, and a native of Segovia, who highly distinguished himself by his critical knowledge, by his proficiency in the oriental languages, and by his acquaintance with the sacred Scriptures and theology, which he displayed in the office of professor at the university of Salamanca. But his name is chiefly deserving of being remembered by posterity, on account of his having been one of the learned men selected by cardinal Ximenes to be employed in publishing his magnificent edition of the polyglot Bible. To him likewise has been ascribed an addition to the work of Nicholas de Lyra, "De Translationum Differentiis." He died September 30th, 1524.

FRANCIS ALUNNO, an Italian scholar and mathematician, a native of Ferrara. He was distinguished for being able

to write a very small hand. When at Bologna he presented Charles V. with the belief and the first chapter of the gospel of St. John in the size of a farthing. The emperor employed a whole day in decyphering this extraordinary manuscript. He wrote-1. Observations on Petrarch, 8vo. 2. Le Richesse della Lingua Volgare, folio. 3. Della Fabrica del Mondo, ten books.

ANTHONY BONFINIUS, a native of Ascoli in Italy, who attached himself to belles lettres. Matthias Corvinus king of Hungary, having heard of his learning, sent for him, retained him, and settled upon him a pension. He wrote a history of Ascoli; a treatise on virginity and conjugal chastity; a history of Hungary; and other works.

CHARLES ARETIN, of Arozzo in Tuscany, a Greek and Latin scholar, who gave translations from Bernard. He was a respectable poet, and also wrote prose comedies.

FERDINAND of Cordova, a very learned man, who was so well skilled in the logic of Aristotle, and the learning of the ancients, that he passed among the vulgar for a magician. He wrote De artificio omnis scibilis-and commentaries on Ptolemy's Almagest, and on the Bible.

ISAAC NATHAN, otherwise Mordecai, was the first who compiled "A Hebrew Concordance." He began it in 1438, and finished it in 1448. He employed many hands besides his own. This was the foundation of that noble work published by Buxtorf, and lastly by Romaine, London, 4 vols. fol.

LUCIUS COELIUS, RHODIGINUS, a learned Venetian, born at Rovigo, in 1450. He was an excellent critic, and was the instructor of the celebrated Julius Cæsar Scaliger, He wrote many works, the chief of which is Antiquæ Lections, first printed at Basil. He died at Padua in 1525, aged 75.

AMBROSE CALEPIN, or CALEPINUS, a celebrated lexicographer, a native of Calepio near Bergamo in Italy, from which he took his name. He took the habit of the Augustine order, and was highly esteemed both for his learning and character. His "Lexicon," on which he had laboured for many years, appeared first in 1503. He died in 1510, deprived of his sight through old age. His Latin Lexicon, first published in 1503, was improved and enlarged very considerably by various editors, till it became 2 vols. folio, 1685. Wase published a compendium of it at Oxford in 1671, 4to.

JOHN BRITANNICO, a learned Italian, born at Palazzuolo in the Brescian territory, of a family originally from Great Britain. He was a student at Padua about 1470, and thence went to keep a school at Brescia, where his family had obtained the right of citizenship. He wrote learned annotations on Juvenal, Horace, Persius, and Statius. He was also author of some letters, grammatical tracts, and an eulogy on Bartholomew

Cajetano. He drew up notes upon Pliny's Natural History, which he did not live to publish. He probably did not long survive the year 1558, in which he addressed a petition to the council of Brescia in favour of his family, several members of which appear to been engaged in the cultivation of letters.

JAMES ANTIQUARIUS, a learned Italian, was born in Perugia, and studied under Campanus, whose works he published in 1495. He became chief minister to the dukes of Milan, and pope Alexander VI. conferred some rich benefices upon him. He died in 1512. There are only some Latin letters, and an oration of his in print.

BOLESLAS DE HASSENSTEIN, BARON DE LOBKOWITZ, a Bohemian nobleman and man of letters. After travelling into various countries, and bearing arms with reputation, he embraced the ecclesiastical state, and was employed in public affairs. He died in 1510. His Latin poems were printed at Prague in 1563, and 1570.

JOHN STANBRIDGE, an eminent schoolmaster, a native of Heyford in Northamptonshire, was educated at Winchester school, and New college, Oxford. He was author of several elementary books which were introduced in most of the principal schools of that time. He was very poor, yet was possessed of a cheerful spirit. His life extended beyond 1522. This John Stanbridge had a kinsman, Warton says a brother, Thomas Stanbridge, a noted schoolmaster of Banbury in Oxfordshire, and the tutor of Sir Thomas Pope. He died in 1422. JOHN REUCHILIN, or CAPNIO, a learned German, born at Pforzheim, in 1450, who contributed much to the restoration of letters in Europe. He went to Paris with the bishop of Utrecht, where he studied grammar under John De Lapide, rhetoric under Gaguinus, Greek under Tiphernus, and Hebrew under Wesselus. He became Dr. of Philosophy at Basil in 1749, and LL.D. at Orleans, where he taught Greek, and published a Grammar, Lexicon, and Vocabularies, in that language. He next went to Rome, where Hermolaus Barbarus persuaded him to change his name to Capnio, which in Greek means the same as Reuchlin in German, i. e. smoke. He was made ambassador to Frederic III., who granted him many favours, but after that emperor's death he was banished, and went to Worms, where the elector palatine employed him to defend his cause at Rome, where he made a celebrated oration before the Pope on the rights of the German princes and churches. He revived the study of Hebrew, and died in 1522, in the 68th year of his age. His private character was eminently distinguished by probity, modesty, benevolence, candour, and urbanity. For his assiduous and successful attempts towards the revival of learning, his name is deserving of being remembered with gratitude by posterity.

ANTONIO MANCINELLI, an Italian writer, a native of Veletu, was born in 1452, and died in 1506. He is said to have had his hands cut off, and his tongue plucked out by order of Pope Alexander VI., but it is fabulous. He wrote1. "Silva vitæ suæ," and other Latin poems. 2. Epigrams. 3. Notes on Classic Authors.

PHILIP BEROALDO, the elder, descended from a noble family in Bologna, was born in that city, in 1453. When but nineteen years of age, he was made public professor of the belles lettres in his native city. Thence he went to read lectures successively at Parma, Milan, and Paris. Returning to Bologna, he resumed his scholastic labours, and attained such reputation, that he had 600 hearers at a time. To the study of polite literature, he added those of philosophy, medicine, and jurispru dence; and several honourable employments and commissions were conferred upon him by his country. In the midst of these various occupations, he retained a joyous and convivial disposition, and even indulged to excess in certain pleasures, till, in compliance with his mother's desire, he entered into the matri monial state, in 1498, and afterwards passed a regular life. His good humour kept him tolerably free from literary squabbles, and he lived on good terms with most of the men of learning of his age. He died in 1505, having only reached his fifty-second year; a short period for the multiplicity of his literary labours. There is scarcely a Latin writer of eminence on whom he did not write notes or commentaries, which are more abundant in erudition, than remarkable for elegant taste and sound criticism. His commentary on the "Golden Ass of Apuleius," printed in 1501, is a complete specimen of his manner; and he rendered that work so familiar to him, that its phraseology infected his whole style. He likewise published a great number of his own orations, letters, poems, and other works, a collection of which was printed at Basil, in 1513. Many of his observations on authors are contained in Gruter's Thesaurus Criticus, tome I.;

FERMAN DE GUSMAN NUNEZ, was born at Vallado lid, and became a knight and commendator of the order of Santiago. Notwithstanding this decision with regard to a military life, his inclination led him to letters instead of arms. With a view of pursuing literature, he went into Italy, and there studied Greek and Latin under Beroaldo, and Jovian the Greek refu gee. As yet Greek learning had not found its way into Spain, D. Inigo Lopez de Mendoza is said to have profited greatly by the society of Ferman Nunez, who acted as preceptor to his son. When cardinal Ximenes founded the university of Alcala, he and Demetrius the Cretan, were appointed Greek professors; and in the famous Polyglot, which, it has been said, would immortalize the name of Ximenes better than all his actions as a statesman, the task of preparing a Latin version from the Sep

tuagint was entrusted to them and to Lopez de Astuniga. Nunez had retired from all the common and unworthy objects of ambition, but his pursuits as a literary man had fostered in him a love of liberty, and in the struggle which the commons of Castile made against the growing tyranny, which has since been so fatal to their country, he lent what aid he could to their efforts, and endeavoured to win the people of Alcala to their cause. A young man, to whom he had promised great pecuniary reward for his assistance, when the insurgents were sup pressed, attacked him because this money could not be paid, and wounded him in the arm. The aggressor was too powerful, and the cause of the dispute of too serious a nature for Nunez to seek redress; he therefore left the university, and removed to Salamanca. Here he was appointed Greek professor, teaching Greek in the forenoon, and reading lectures upon rhetoric, and upon the natural history of Pliny. Thus passed the remainder of his life, till the year 1553, when he died, leaving his valuable library to the university of Salamanca. To him has been assigned the first place among the restorers of classical learning in Spain. He is highly celebrated by various authors. His works are-1. Annotationes in Seneca Philosophi Opera, 2. Observationes in Pomponium Melam. 3. Observationes in loca obscura et depravata Hist. Nat. C. Plinii, folio. 4. Glosa sobre las obras de Juan de Mena. 5. Refranes, o Proverbios en Romance, folio.

ARIAS, or AYRES BARBOSA, a native of Aveiro, in Portugal, distinguished himself as one of the restorers of classical literature in his native country and Spain. After a university education at Salamanca, he went to Italy, and studied at Florence, under Angelo Politiano. He returned to Spain in 1494, and taught at Salamanca for twenty years, along with Antony de Sebrixa. Barbosa chiefly attended to the improvement of the poetical taste, and he published a small volume of Latin poems, which were commended for the harmonious structure of the verse. He was afterwards invited to the court of Portugal, to undertake the office of preceptor to the two princes, Alphonso and Henry. He exercised this employment seven years, and then retired to domestic life, in which he died at an advanced age, in 1540. His works are-1. Aratoris Presbyteri Poema de Apostolorum, 1515, folio. 2. De Prosodia, seu de re poetica, ac recte scribendi ratione, 4to. 3. Quodlibeticæ questiones. 4. Epigrammatum libellus.

ERMOLAO BARBARO, the younger, grandson of Francis Barbaro, was born in 1454. In his childhood he was instructed by his uncle the bishop of Verona, and was afterwards sent to Rome, and put under the tuition of Pomponio Leto. At fourteen, he had given such proofs of his genius, that he received from the hand of the emperor Frederic, the poetic crown.

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