tica of Horace; a history of Rome; and remarks on Plautus ; with additions to that author's Aulularia.

MATTHEW AUROGALLUS, a professor of languages in the university of Wittemberg, was born in Bohemia. There are some books of his remaining. He died in the year 1543, and had been a great assistant to Luther, in the translation of the Bible. He wrote in Latin a "Compendium of Hebrew and Chaldaic Grammar," printed at Wittemberg in 1525, and at Basil in 1539; and a treatise on the geography of the Holy Land, entitled, "De Hæbreis Urbium, Regionum, Populorum, &c. Nominibus," printed, in 8vo. at Wittemberg, in 1526, and at Basil in 1529.

AGOSTINO NISO, a celebrated man of letters, was born either at Jopoli, in Calabria, or Sessa, in Terra di Lavoro. Having received a good education, he quitted his father's house, which had been made uncomfortable to him by a mother-in-law, and went to Naples, where he undertook the instruction of youth. He accompanied some of his scholars to Padua, where, in 1492, he was chosen professor extraordinary of philosophy. He was afterwards advanced to the professorship in ordinary, and to the first chair. During his abode at Padua he embraced the doctrine of the unity of the spiritual substance, and that there is only one soul and intellect that animates all nature. This he maintained in a treatise "De Intellectu et Dæmonibus," which brought on him a formidable attack from the abettors of established opinions, under which he would probably have sunk, had not Barazzi, bishop of Padua, kindly interposed, and persuaded him to retract certain offensive passages in his work. Leaving Padua, he resided some time at Sessa, where he married, and had several children, and from this, his favourite residence, he is frequently denominated Suessanus. His reputation was now spread throughout Italy; and he was successively invited to several schools of learning. By the prince of Salerno he was engaged to teach philosophy some time in that city. About the year 1510, he held a chair in the university of Naples. In 1513 he was invited to Rome by Leo X., who honoured him with the title of count Palatine, and, at the same time, conferred upon him the privilege of using the name and arms of the Medici; he was, at one time, a professor at Rome, in the college of Sapienza, and, at another, he occupied a chair at Bologna. In 1519 he removed to Pisa, where he was offered a salary of seven hundred gold florins. The prince of Salerno drew him again to that city, in 1525, in which, or at Sessa, he probably passed the remainder of his days. The time of his death is uncertain, some writers fix it in 1537, but others adduce a dedication of his to Paul III., in 1545, as a proof that

he was living at that period. It is, however, generally admitted that he died in 1538. Niso was a man of mean and forbiding aspect, but he was a very pleasant companion; he lived chiefly among the great, and seems, which happens to but few literary characters, to have been in easy circumstances, and he had a very valuable library. He wrote a great number of works relative to the peripatetic philosophy, astronomy, and medicine, rhetorics, ethics, politics, &c. Commentaries and translations of the works of Aristotle and Averroes, composed the greater part of them. It is said, that he refuted the impostures of astrologers, and was the first to deliver Europe from the terrors of a deluge, which had been predicted for the year 1524.

SIR THOMAS WYATT, an accomplished gentleman, of an ancient family in Kent, educated at St. John's college, Cambridge, and at Oxford. Henry VIII. knighted him, and sent him on various embassies. He turned the Psalms into verse; and wrote several elegant sonnets, printed with those of C. Surry. He died in 1535.

RUTGER RESSIUS, a professor of Greek at Louvain, commended by Erasmus. He was born near Liege, and died in 1545. He edited the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, the laws of Plato, &c.

ISABELLA LOSA, of Cordova, was so illustrious for her knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew, that she received the degree of D.D. She became a widow, and took the habit of St. Clair, and founded the hospital of Loretto, where she ended her days in the bosom of devotion, 1546, aged 73.

BARTHOLOMEW BIANCHINI, an Italian writer, a native of Bologna, where he was in high esteem for his mental and moral qualities. His master, Philip Beroaldo, notices him in his writings, as a young man highly accomplished, and dis tinguished for his taste in painting, and the knowledge of an cient medals. He published a life of Urceus Codrus, prefixed to that author's works in various editions, and among others that of Basil, 1540, 4to.; and a life of Philip Beroaldo, printed with his commentary on Suetonius, Venice, 1550, folio, and in other editions of the same.

BATISTA EGNAZIO, or EGNATIUS, a learned Italian, was born at Venice, of poor parents, about 1473, and was a pupil of Politian, along with Leo X. He opened a school, for the teaching of the Belles Lettres, before he was nineteen years of age. His merit was so great he composed a panegyric on Francis I., and was rewarded with a gold medal. In 1520, he was chosen professor of eloquence at Venice; and had fre quently five hundred auditors to hear him daily. When in the decline of life he resigned his post, out of respect to him, all his emoluments were continued, and his property declared free

His works are-1. De

of all taxes. He died July 4, 1553. Romanis principibus vel Cæsaribus, 1519. 2. De exemplis virorum illustrium, 4to. 1554.

MARK ANTONY ANTIMACO, a learned Italian, was born at Mantua, about the year 1473. His father, who was a man of learning, sent him at an early age to Greece, where he passed about five years in the study of the Greek language under John Mosco, a Spartan. Returning to Italy, he opened a school at Mantua for the study of Greek and polite literature, which became famous. He afterwards pursued the same employment at Ferrara, at which city he died in 1552. Antimaco translated various pieces from the Greek, which were printed at Basil, in 1540, together with an oration in praise of Grecian literature. He also wrote Latin poems, some of which were printed, and some left in MS.

PIERO VALERIANO BOLZANI, a man of letters, was born at Belluno, in 1477. Such was the poverty in which he was brought up, that he did not learn the first elements of literature till the age of fifteen. He was afterwards invited by an uncle, who was a cordelier, to Venice; but from his own account he was soon obliged to enter into the service of a noble for support. Resuming his studies, he had for masters in the learned languages some of the most eminent scholars of the time, and according to the practice of the age, he changed his baptismal name of Giampietro for Piero. He was thus occupied in his, twenty-third year, when he engaged in the study of philosophy at Padua; and he passed three years in a retreat at Mount Olivet, in the Veronese. Returning to his native place, he was a sufferer from the possession of it by the Imperial army in 1509, and was obliged, through many dangers, to make his escape to Rome. He was for a time in the castle of St. Angelo, with its governor Gianfrancesco della Ravere, and afterward had the good fortune to become known to cardinal Giovanni de Medicis, by whom, when pope Leo X., he was admitted to his court and honourably provided for. When that pontificate was concluded, he passed some time at Naples; but he returned to Rome on the accession of Clement VII., who promoted him to the chair of eloquence, with the title of prothonotary and private chamberlain, and gave him a canonry, and some other benefice in Belluno. Valeriano had hitherto chiefly employed himself in Latin poetry, and had composed many elegies and amatory pieces, by which he had obtained reputation; but having now entered into holy orders, he laid aside pursuits of this kind. Leo X. had placed under his instruction his nephews, Ippolito and Alessandro de Medicis, and he went with them to Florence, where he was in 1527, at the time of their expulsion from that city. He shared VOL. IV.

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largely in their misfortune, and took up a temporary abode at different places till the return of the Medici to Florence, in 1530. He accompanied his pupils thither; but the death of both of them, some years after, caused him to withdraw first to Belluno, and then to Padua, where he ended his days in 1558, at the age of 81.

The work by which this writer is principally known is his treatise "De Infelicitate Literatorum," a topic, which the misfortunes of his own life probably induced him to choose. It is a curious and interesting performance, containing numerous anecdotes of learned men, sufferers under poverty and other calamities, in which, however, his wish to make the most of his subject has led him to adopt many improbable and unauthenticated narrations.

LAZARUS BUONAMICI, was born at Bassano, in 1479, and received his education at Padua. He was tutor in the Campeggi family, and afterwards professor of Belles Lettres, in the Sapienza college at Rome. At the sacking of that city, in 1527, he escaped with the loss of all his property, and three years after went to Padua, where he read lectures on rhetoric. His letters and poems were published, 1572. He died in 1552, aged 73.

BEN HASIN JACOB, a rabbi, famous for the collection of the Mascra, in 1515, together with the text of the Bible, the Chaldaic paraphrase, and Rabbinical commentaries.

PHILIP BEROALDO, the Younger, nephew of Philip Beroaldo, the Elder, was born at Bologna. He was professor of Belles Lettres, in the university of that city, and afterwards exercised the same office at the Sapienza, in Rome. In 1516, he was appointed librarian of the Vatican, by Leo X., but he died two years after. He was about forty years of age at his death. He had acquired great reputation by his Latin poems, many of which, together with those of his uncle, are published in the 1st vol. of the "Delicia Poetarum Italorum." A collection of his elegies and epigrams, in three books, was published at Rome, in 1530. He wrote besides, a Latin version of an oration of Isocrates, and notes on the five first books of the Annals of Tacitus, published by order of Leo X.

MATHURIN CORDIER, an eminent teacher. He spent his long life in teaching children at Paris, Nevers, Bordeaux, Geneva, Neufchatel, Lausanne, and lastly again at Geneva, where he died September 8th, 1564, aged eighty-five, having continued his labours until three days before his death. He was a man of virtue, and performed the duties of his office with the utmost diligence, mixing moral with literary instruction. Calvin was one of his scholars. His works are-1. Epitres Chretiennes. 2. Sentences pour l'Instruction des Enfans, 12mo., 1551. 3. Colloquia, 12mo., one of the most popular

of school-books. 4. Cantiques Spirituels. 1. Le Miroir de la Jeunesse. 6. D'Interpretation et construction en François des distiques Latins, qu'on attribue à Caton, 8vo.

CELIO CALCAGNINI, a distinguished scholar, orator, and canon of the church of Ferrara, was born at that town in 1479. It is said he was the illegitimate son of an apostolic notary. He studied under Peter Pomponazzo, but entering the army, served under the emperor Maximilian. He was afterwards engaged by pope Julius II., in several important negociations. About the year 1520, he was appointed professor of Belles Lettres in the university of Ferrara, which office he filled with great credit, until his death in 1545. His works were published at Basil, and contain sixteen books of epistles, philosophical, political, and critical dissertations on various subjects; and he also wrote some Latin poetry, which was published with the poems of John Baptista Pigna and Louis Ariosto, at Venice, 1553, 8vo. He corresponded with Erasmus, whom, like many others, he censured for his undecided character respecting the Reformation.

LELIO GREGORIO GIRALDI, an ingenious critic, and one of the most learned men that modern Italy has produced, was born at Ferrara, in 1479. He was at Rome when it was plundered by the emperor Charles V.; and having thus lost all he had, and being tormented with the gout, he struggled through life with ill-fortune and ill-health. He wrote, nevertheless, seventeen works, which were collected and published at Basil, in 2 vols. folio, in 1580, and at Leyden, 1696. Casaubon, Thuanus, and other authors of the first rank, have bestowed the highest eulogiums on him.

JOHN SHEPREVE, a learned English orientalist, born at Ingmarsh, near Abingdon, in Berkshire. He was fellow, and became Greek recorder of Corpus Christi college, Oxford; and in 1538, he was appointed professor of Hebrew in it. He had a very profound knowledge of the Hebrew Scriptures. He published many poems; and died at Agmondesham, in Bucks, in 1542. He was thought to have surpassed Origin for memory, and Ovid for expedition in versifying, it having been but an ordinary matter with him to compose one hundred good verses every day, at vacant hours.

JÚLIUS CÆSAR SCALIGER, a very learned and eminent critic, was born, according to his son's account, April 23, 1484, at Ripa, a castle in the territory of Verona, and was the son of Benedict Scaliger, who, for seventeen years, commanded the troops of Matthias, king of Hungary, to whom he was related. His mother was Berenice Lodronia, daughter of count Paris. This account is disputed by some writers, and we have now no means of ascertaining what is the truth. appears more certain that Julius became a page of the emperor

It