the true church and the majesty of the people! This faction, the reader must see, however contemptible in their individual capacities, are yet most formidable in the aggregate. Agitation is the element in which they thrive, and they are perpetually on the watch for grievances;-like sea-birds in a storm, they see them in the wind, and try to outshriek its roaring. However, with the selfishness of the priesthood, and the ignorance of the people for their instruments, they can never be at a loss to excite the country, so long as civil discontent and religious bigotry will ferment together. To this party the King paid no particular attention, though by every ostentation of loyalty, and in every key of vociferous servility, they incessantly implored it. The King has the reputation of much natural sagacity, and doubtless appreciated those new-born professions at their proper value; but the slight has sunk barbed into the nature that never forgives, where it will fester and rankle until time shall give its poison an opportunity of being infectious. It gives one, however, but a poor opinion of humanity to see the very same persons who, without having done her any service, persecuted the Queen for her official favours, bellowing, before her corpse was cold, in the train of her antagonists. Such were the parties who alternately misgoverned and disturbed Ireland at the moment of his Majesty's arrival; and it requires but little skill to foresee that their suspension of hostilities, or rather their sudden and miraculous unanimity, is not to be calculated on for any great duration. The interests of some, and the personal affection of others, for the King, produced the demonstration; but it is at best only the "mala sarta amicitia." If a stranger to Ireland requires any proof of this, he will find it in the hollow and heartless acclamations which have hailed the arrival of some of the King's attendants. If there ever was a measure which before temporarily united the opposing factions, it was the measure of the UNION. They poured upon it their unanimous execration, denounced it as a calamity which laid their inde pendence in the dust, and through each succeeding year have held it up as the bane of their prosperity, and the annihilation of their name. And yet, in twenty years after it passed-even in that very city which it had chiefly prostrated, whose mansions it had untenanted, whose merchants it had impoverished, whose streets it had depopulated, and whose splendour, as the seat of legislation, it had eclipsed for ever-even there, the reviled author of that measure was so hailed by the plaudits of radical consistency, that if he did not altogether supersede the Sovereign, he may, at least, now with truth exclaim "Divisum imperium cum Jove-habui!—" However, Sir, even confiding in, which I do not, the superlative raptures which have arisen from the royal visit, it appears to me impossible that all their prospective visions can be realized. İreland may have been flattered by the King's attention, but the King cannot have been informed by such a journey. It is not amid the parade of a triumphal entry, or at corporation shows and college dinners, that the wants and interests of such a country are to be learned. Dublin, all beauty without, and all poverty within like the statue in Lucian, with its polished surface of Parian splendour and its interior filled with rags and wretchedness, is but a deceitful specimen of the state of Ireland, particularly when she is blazing in the transient rays of an imported Court, and peopled with the train of foreign ambassadors. To know Ireland, the monarch should have gone unattended through its provinces-he should have seen its "deserted villages"-its roofless manufactories-its shipless harbours-its ragged, dispirited, discouraged peasantry, surrendering to the agent of some absentee landlord the worthless pittance which the tithe-proctor had spared, and taking refuge from thought in eternal intoxication;-he should have seen the adverse bigots, waging their impious battle over the polluted altars of a common faith-he should have gone into the crowded prisons and into the continual barracks, and cursed the instruments, and wept over the victims of coercion-he should have asked whether the stations under him, from the highest to the lowest, were distributed according to merit, or interest, or corruption-he should have inquired why it was, that all the names of which the country can be proudthe Burkes, the Goldsmiths, the Moores, with a long train of etceteras in arts, and arms, and politics, have been obliged to migrate into distant lands, leaving the honours and emoluments of their own to those who have less spirit and more subserviency. He should have done this to know even something of Ireland-and, when all this knowledge was acquired, amply sufficient would then remain behind to satisfy curiosity during the next promised triennial visitation. If the royal affection for Ireland is as sincere as it appears to be, and indeed there can be no reason to doubt it, these inquiries once acted on would produce to the country results the most beneficial, and to the King himself reflections the most delightful.-New Mon. Mag. Oct. Voyages, &c. (Literary Gazette.) VOYAGES IN THE NORTHERN PACIFIC, &c. &c. CHAPTER VIII. Cape Edgecombe; Navigation. The precautions of the Russians to prevent Trade. Return to the Columbia.-Trading Expedition along shore to the Southward.Natives near Cape Orford-The Coast to the south-Port Trinidad; the Natives there; Misunderstanding; Traffic; Decorum of the Females; their Dress; extraordinary Tattooing of the Tongue, &c.; Massacre of a Spanish Crew; Character of the People; Difficulties in getting out the Vessel.Arrive at Bodago Bay. The Russians and Natives-Account of the Russian Settlement on the New Albion Prodigious Vegetation. springs. The gun-boats are continu. ally going round it to protect the hunters and fishermen ; to carry in any canoes they may find with furs, and make prisoners of the men till they are ransomed by their friends. Whenever we arrived or sailed, we had several of the Russian boats about us to prevent the Indians from coming off to trade; but sometimes in the night they contrived to elude their vigilance, and get on board to traffic with us. We had variable winds and bad weather all the CAPE Edgecombe is in latitude 57° passage to the river, where we at length 2′ north, and longitude 135° 34' and is a remarkably high bluff cape, with a mountain just above it, called Mount Edgecombe, from which it takes its name. It has been a burning mountain, and is quite flat on the top, which is constantly covered with snow. Ships bound to this sound from the southward, and coming in by point Woodhouse, which is the south point of the sound, must not approach nearer the the point than three miles, as there is a sunken rock on which the sea sometimes breaks, and is very dangerous; the course from here to the light-house is north, which will take you clear from all dangers. The Russians never keep a light in the light-house unless they see a ship in the offing before dark. The sound is full of islands, and on the south side there are some hot arrived June 12, 1817, and came-to under the fort in our old birth, sent the islanders on shore, and commenced landing our cargo. July 12, after as usual, completing our wood and water, we took some goods on board for the southward, and sailed to see what we could do in the way of trade with the Indians on New Albion. The American brig Alexander arrived here from America with stores for the settlement. She took on board the furs for Canton, and ran out of the river in company with us. We parted outside; they stood to the northward and we to the southward along shore. On the 14th we saw Cape Orford bearing S. E. seven leagues; the nearest land two miles, latitude 43° north; observed many smokes on shore. About noon several canoes came off within hail of the ship; we waved to them to come closer, which they did, displaying green boughs and bunches of white feathers; they stopped paddling, and one man, whom we took to be a chief, stood up and made a long speech, which we did not understand. We then waved a white flag, and they immediately pulled for the ship, singing all the way. When they came along side we gave them a rope, and made signs for them to come on board, which nothing could induce them to do; they seemed quite terrified, and after handing some land-furs on board, for which we gave them beads and knives, they seemed well pleased, and made signs that if we came nearer the shore, they would bring us plenty. They also brought some berries, fish, and handsome baskets for sale. These men were tall and well-formed, their garments made of dressed deer-skins, with a small round hat, in shape of a buskin, that fitted close round the head; none of the women made their appearance. Their canoes do not seem to be so well constructed as the canoes in the Columbia, which cannot be occasioned by want of material, as the country appears to be well wooded. We observed a bay which looked well sheltered from the N. W. winds. About four o'clock the natives left the ship singing, and, when they got to a certain distance, made another long speech. Next morning we ran in, and lay-to off an Indian village, to the southward of Cape Orford; saw many natives on the shore, but it blew too hard for them to launch their canoes: we intended to have anchored here, there being, apparently, a snug, well-sheltered bay, from all but the S. W., but it was too rough to send the boat from the ship to sound it; we therefore filled and run along shore, at the distance of three miles. The land had a very fine appearance, the hills well wooded, and the plains covered with Indian huts. Towards night, the gale increased so much, that we were obliged to haul off under close reefed main top-sail and fore-topsail, and, before morning, had to lay-to under bare poles. On the 24th a breeze sprung up, and we made sail for Port 2G ATHENEUM VOL. 10. Trinidad, in latitude 41° 3', and longitude 123° 54′ west; hauled into a small sandy bay, where we moored, sheltered from all winds, a few ships' lengths from the shore, in 9 fathoms sandy bottom. This bay is full of high rocks, which are always covered with birds, and round it are scattered many Indian villages. We had scarce. ly time to moor before we were surrounded with canoes; we triced our boarding nets up, and shut all our ports but one, at which the natives entered, keeping all the canoes on the starboard side; and, as the Indians came on board, we took their bows and daggers from them, at which they seemed much displeased. One man, (a chief) would not give up his dagger, and we pushed him back into his canoe; upon which be immediately strung his bow, and pointed an arrow at me, as being the most active in sending him out of the ship. In an instant he had several muskets pointed at him, upon seeing which, he lost no time in laying his bow down. Shortly after he came on board, and seemed sorry for what he had done, and made a present of a fine bow. Every thing being thus settled, we gave them some bread and molasses, of which they eat heartily. We then commenced trading, and got a few landfurs, which they brought off, for pieces of iron-hoop, cut into six-inch lengths. They also brought us plenty of red deer and berries. In the afternoon, some women made their appearance : the people offered them blankets and axes, but nothing could tempt them to come on board. This is the only place on the coast where we could not induce the females to visit the ship. It appears that these natives have not had much communication with Europeans, as they do not know the use of firearms; nor have they any iron among them. Their daggers are made of a sort of flint stone, and they are clothed in dressed leather apparel, prettily ornamented with shells. wear a very finely dressed leather petticoat, which reaches half way down the leg, and a square garment of the same. thrown loosely over the shoulders. The women Their tongues and chins are tattooed; the former is quite black, the latter in stripes. Whether this is considered a mark of beauty or not I cannot tell; but the women here are in general very handsome and well made. We saw a cross on shore fixed there by the Spanjards many years ago, when there was a Spanish launch driven on shore, and the Indians massacred the whole crew. The different tribes in this bay are always at war with each other; they never met on board, and if the tribe which was on board trading, saw another tribe approaching, they immediately went on shore to protect their wives and property They all seem to be a brave, warlike people. Their canoes are by far the safest I ever saw on the coast, being from 16 to 20 feet long, and from 6 to 8 feet broad, square at both ends and flat bottomed. They have ridges inside about a foot apart, which look exactly like the timbers of a boat, and serve to strengthen them very much. The only words of this tongue we could pick up was, I ai guai, which is a term of friendship, and chilese, which means barter. When they speak they put the tongue to the roof of the mouth, and utter sounds as if their mouth were full. After having bought all the furs here, on the 24th of July we weighed anchor, and after encountering considerable difficulties, owing to the bad weather, succeeded in getting out. This was fortunate, as, had we gone on shore, (there not being the least shelter in this part of the bay,) the Indians were ready to receive and massacre us, for they are, without exception, the most savage tribes on all the coast. Having stood out to sea, we deepened our water to 45 fathoms, when the wind died away, the sea setting us fast on to the shore; we had but one bower anchor and stream left, and, to crown all, it came on a thick fog. We spent a most anxious night, sounding from 40 to 20 fathoms. We could hear the sea break on the beach very distinctly; the order was given to stand by our best bower anchor, when it pleased God to send a fine breeze from the N. W. and deliver us from our dangerous situation. Next day, July 26, found our bowsprit sprung, and determined to run to Bodago-bay and fish it; stood along shore accordingly, and on the 28th got off the settlement, fired a gun, and several bodarkees came off bringing with them fresh pork and vegetables. The natives also visited us in their canoes, which are nothing more than sev eral large bundles of rushes lashed together. The Russian establishment on the coast of New Albion is in latitude 38° 30', about four leagues to the northward of this fine bay and harbour called Bodago, where they have a large store. Here their ships generally call and sometimes winter, there being no shelter for ships off the establishment. The reason for their having it so far from the harbour is the scarcity of tim ber, which is very necessary in the forming of a settlement, and where they now are, the country is covered with fine oak, ash, and pine timber, fit for ship building. They had on the stocks, and nearly fit for launching, a fine brig of 150 tons, built of good oak. They get excellent heinp on the coast of California, and make good rope. This settlement consists of about 100 houses and huts, with a small fort on the point, and about 500 inhabitants, Russians and Codiacks. The land is in the highest state of cultivation, growing excellent wheat, potatoes, hemp, and all kinds of vegetables; and the soil so rich as to produce (as already mentioned) two crops in the year. I have seen radishes that weighed from one pound to twenty-eight pounds, and much thicker than a stout man's thigh, and quite good all through, without being the least spongy. They have a *The Russian American Company have, within these few weeks, as we learn by a let ter from Petersburgh, received news from their colonies in Sitka, that there were to the north of Behring's Streights, under 67° north latitude, several Russian families who had been cast on these parts by a storm more than a century ago. The company expects shortly to receive particular accounts respecting these descendants from shipwrecked Russians. ED. large stock of cattle, sheep, and pigs; and seem to be in the most flourishing condition under the direction of governor Kutzkoff. Hence hunters are sent down the coast of California for the purpose of taking the sea otter, which are very plentiful along the coast. The colony also sends a vessel to Norfolksound once a year, with the furs collected, and with wheat and hemp. Norfolk-sound is the principal depot; from thence the furs are sent to Kamscatka. Varieties. ORIGINAL ANECDOTES OF REMARKABLE CHARACTERS, &c. POPE said on the 10th of May, On 15th," I am so certain of the soul's being immortal, that I seem to feel it within me, as it were by intuition." After having received the last Sacrament, he said, "There is nothing meritorious but virtue and friendship; and indeed friendship itself is but a part of virtue." His death, on the 30th of May, 1744, in the evening, was so easy, that it was imperceptible to stand ers by.-Spence. Garth and Swift have mentioned John Wesley with contempt, and Pope introduced him in the Dunciad in company with Watts. Both names were erased in the subsequent editions. Pope felt ashamed of having spoken injuriously of such a man as Dr. Watts, who was entitled to high respect for his talents, and to admiration for his innocent and holy life; and he had become intimate with Samuel Wesley the younger.-Southey's Wesley, II.p.621. John Wesley in the middle of life married Mrs. Vizelle, a widow who had four children;-she personally vexed and ill-treated him; and at length, in his absence, seized on his journals, and many other papers, which were never restored, and departed, leaving word that she intended never to return. He simply states the fact in his journal, saying, that he knew not what the cause had been, and he briefly adds, " Non eam reliqui, non dismisi, non revocabo,—I did not forsake her, I did not dismiss her, I will not recall her." The term Trinity was first adopted in the 3d Century, although the principle of faith had commenced long before. The practice of marrying by a ring for the female was adopted from the Romans ;-the bride was modestly veiled, and after receiving the nuptial benediction was crowned with flowers. The inverted cibonum or cupola, like that of St. Paul's Cathedral, was originally copied from the shell containing the seeds of the colocasia or Egyptian bean; was used to cover holy shrines, and since, to cover churches. To complete a Moorish lady's dress, she tinges her eye-lids with alkahol, the powder of lead ore; this is done by dipping a small wooden bodkin of the thickness of a quill into the powder, and then drawing it through the eyelids over the ball of the eye.-See Jeremiah iv. 30; "So did Jezebel (2 Kings xi. 30); she set off her eyes with the powder of lead ore."-See Ezek. xxiii. 40. Dr. Shaw saw one of these bodkins as taken out of the catacombs at Sahara in Egypt. Maundrel says, that Tripoli is composed of Tyre, Sidon, and Aradus, which stood very near to each other, and are encircled by this new city, whose name implies three cities or people. The Egyptians wrote on linen, as appears by the bandages on their mummies, the cloth being first painted over. Moses may have written on such a cloth, not liable to crack when folded. Papyrus was not known till after the |