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another animal of the same kind at a cockpit.

APOLOGIES for ABUSES. There is no abuse, ancient or modern, for which ingenious men will not employ their art to find an excuse. France was overrun by a swarm of drones, secular and regular, "black, white, and grey, with all their trumpery." Á display of erudition is pleaded in extenuation of the offence of idleness. In "Laboriosus nihil agendo" we discover the great character of the genus, and we put it to this test, but we see that it is connected with some collateral good in the species. Hence we are told that the Benedictines cherished a love for the knowledge of antiquities; that the Dominicans, for their scholastic philosophy, reflected lustre on their order; as also the Jesuits, for raising literary fabrics, formed on classic models, and the Oratorians as men of capacity and information in the higher branches of

the mathematics.

CURE for the GRAVEL.

Take leek roots, cut them into pieces, and boil a quart until reduced to a pint, in soft water; then add a quartern of gin, and drink near a tumbler full on going to bed. This will act as a salutary diuretic.

RIGHTS of ENGLlishmen. The King of England cannot force any of his subjects out of the realm, not even on an embassy, for this might be the means of keeping them in an honourable exile.

The chancellor, however, may grant a writ on oath made, and cause being shewn, to keep a subject within the jurisdiction of the laws; but neither he, nor any other subject can prevent an Englishman from entering the king

dom.

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DR. FRANKLIN and his son. In the month of February, 1801, I dined with Governor F. at the house of a relation, and was highly entertained. I heard the quondam governor describe the much vaunted and trifling process by which his father proved that lightning was electricity. He entered into the particulars of making the kite, an operation at which he himself assisted; the mode of letting it fly during a thunder-storm, at a little farm belonging to his father, about two miles from Philadelphia.

His father had retired, in consequence of the rain, to a shed in the neighbourhood, but emerged from time to time, to survey and state the At length the critical phenomena. metallic moment occurred, but no thread was twined round the string, but being wet, it became a conductor.

Undue importance is attached to this experiment-no person in Europe ever doubted that lightning and electricity

were identical.

MAXIMS from Voltaire.

In war we ought to do that which the enemy most dreads.

The balance of power, whether well or ill understood, has been the favourite passion of the English.

The Swiss cantons sell soldiers to all parties, and defend their country against all: although the government is pacific, the people are all warriors.

Sea fights are generally indecisive.

Above 120 battles have been fought in Europe, since the year 1600, and amongst them all, ten only were deci

sive.

History is only a detail of the same events, repeated with some variation.

In ancient times a battle consisted of a multitude of single combats, in which there was less noise, but more slaughter than at present.

At the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, the Marquis de St. Severin, said " that he came to fulfil the words of his master, and that he would make peace, not as a merchant but as a king."

In all important state affairs there is an avowed pretext, and a concealed

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have been strenuous in maintaining that the happiest state of society, though not the most refined, is where the members are equally distant from that opulence which corrupts, and that misery which debases the human mind. America lays before us a sample to judge of the accuracy of this position.

MR. PITT,

Though confessedly a great orator, and of superior understanding as a financier, did not possess, as I apprehend, an animated, natural, and consistent taste for literature. I do not recollect any man of letters whom he patronised as such, or without some reference to the tame and graceless purposes of his ambition-that ambition, on the surface of which deception floats.

DR. FRANKLIN.

I have ever been hardy enough to admire the following verse, by Turgot, on that great and universally respected character, whose portrait, it seems, had been presented to him by a friend.

"Eripuit fulmen cœlo, sceptrumque tyrannis.”

The above line I suspect is an imitation of the following, which I found in turning over some book rather hastily : "Eripuit fulmenque Jovi Phœboque sagittam."

I have since found another proof of the imitation, in Manilius, a poet of the Augustan age, representing the cultivation of human genius:

——“Solvitque animus miracula rerum Eripuitque Jovi fulmen, viresque tonanti."

TURBOT FISHERY.

This fishery is carried on solely from Barking, in Essex, and the vessels employed, each of which has but one mast, consisted in 1809, of about sixty, all having wells or reservoirs for salt water. Much has been said of our rivaling, and even excelling the Dutch, of late years, in this art; but truth obliges me to declare the contrary, and sacrifice national vanity at the shrine of impartiality. Our expert and industrious neighbours not only possess the advantage of fishing on their own immediate coast, but in the plastes and salt water inlets which indent it. These we are not tempted by the law of nations to occupy with our small craft, and therefore, for the most part, we act as mere carriers only.

The Dutch make use of smelts which they salt, and also a piece of the gorebill, by way of bait.

The English but-men, (for so this description of vessel is termed) re-visit their coasts, both in time of war and peace. As they collect the turbots, they place them in boxes, and do not turn them adrift in the wells, until some time after.

ENGLISH GLOOM.

If we may credit common fame, the English character will undoubtedly be thought too grave by foreigners--not so, perhaps, by the philosopher and the man of taste, who trace humanity, clothed in various modifications of manners. I happened one afternoon to be rather cheerful in the company of a foreigner, who, in consequence of this trifling event, gave me more surprise than delight by politely asking whether I was actually born in the island of Great Britain.

PRINCE GEORGE.

The Earl of Chesterfield thus speaks of his late Majesty, while a boy, in a letter to his son, dated London, March 25, O. S. 1751.

"The death of the Prince of Wales, who was more beloved for his affability and good nature, than esteemed for his steadiness and conduct, has given concern to many and apprehension to all. The great difference of age in the King and Prince George, presents the prospect of a minority: a disagreeable prospect for any nation. But it is most probable that the kir..ho is now perfectly recovered of his late indisposition, may live to see his grandson of age. He is seriously a most hopeful boy: gentle and good-natured with good sense. This event has made all sorts of people here historians as well as politicians. Our histories are rummaged for all the particular circumstances of the six minorities which have been since the conquest: viz. those of Henry III Edward III. Richard II. Henry VI. Edward V. and Edward VI. The reasonings and the speculations, the conjectures and the predictions, you will easily imagine must be innumerable and endless in this nation, where every porter is a consummate politician humour

"Doctor Swift says," very

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The PRETENDER.

Prince Charles Edward, the son of the Chevalier de St. George, was fated like his ancestors to experience a variety of fortunes. His grandfather, James II. had been dethroned, or in gentler language, was forced "to abdicate," for his attachment to tyranny and the catholic religion. His great grandfather, Charles I. was condemned to the block by his own subjects. His great grandmother was put to death by Elizabeth. His father was condemned to experience an ignominious exile, and this last scion of so many kings of England, escaped decapitation by an effort almost miraculous. After contending with the appearance of success for the crown of England, he was seized as a common prisoner in France, and transported to Italy, where he shortened his days by intoxication.

The old wHIG POET to his old BUFF WAIST-
COAT. By CAPT. MORRIS.
Farewell, thou poor rag of the muse !

In the bag of the cloathsman go lie :
A sixpence thou'lt fetch from the Jews,
Which the hard hearted Christians deny.
Twenty years in adversity's spite,

I bore thee most proudly along : Stood jovially buff to the fight,

And won the world's ear with my song. But, prosperity's humbled thy case:

Thy friends in full banquet I see, And the door kindly shut in my face, Thou'st become a fool's garment to me! 2M ATHENEUM VOL. 10.

Poor rag! thou art welcome no more,
Thy toils and thy glories are o'er,
The days of thy service are past,

And thou and thy master are cast. But though thou'rt forgot and betrayed, 'Twill ne'er be forgotten by me, How my old lungs within thee have play'd, And my spirits have swelled thee with glee.

Perhaps they could swell thee no more,
For Time's icy hand's on my head ;
My spirits are weary and sore,

And the impulse of Friendship is dead.
Then adieu! tho' I cannot but fret

That my constancy with thee must part, For thou hast not a hole in thee yet, Though through thee they have wounded my heart.

I change thee for sable, more sage,
To mourn the hard lot I abide;
And mark upon gratitude's page,

A blot that hath buried my pride.
Ah! who would believe in these lands
Had they seen how with hearts and with
From the Whigs I should suffer a wrong?

hands

They followed in frenzy my song. Who'd have thought, though so eager their claws,

They'd condemn me thus hardly to plead ? Through my prime, I have toiled for your

cause

And you've left me, when aged, in need. Could ye not midst the favours of fate,

Drop a mite where all own it is due? Could ye not, from the feast of the state

Throw a crumb to a servant so true? In your scramble I stirred not a jot, And sure that all hearts would allot Too proud for rapacity's strife;

A scrap to the claims of my life. But go, faded rag, and while gone

I'll turn thy hard fate to my ease; For the hand of kind heaven hath shewn All crosses have colours that please. Thus a bliss from thy shame I receive,

I

Though my body's met treatment so foul, can suffer, forget, and forgive,

And get comfort, more worth for my soul. And when seen on the rag-seller's rope, They who know thee'll say ready enough, "There service hangs jilted by hope,

"This once was poor Morris's buff." If they let them give Virtue her name And yield an example to teach, Poor rag, thou hast served in thy shame Better ends than thy honours could reach But though the soul gain by the loss,

The stomach and pocket still say, "Pray what shall we do in this cross?"

I answer, "be poor and be gay." Let the muse gather mirth from her wrong, Smooth her wing in adversity's shower; To new ears and new hearts fill her song, And still look for a sun-shining hour! While I, a disbanded old Whig,

Put up my discharge with a smile; Face about-prime and load—take a swig, And march off-to the opposite file.

HATS.

Varieties.

(English Magazines, November 1821.)

"What man! ne'er pull your hat upon your brows." Shakspeare.

“To begin firste with their hattes. Sometymes thei use them sharpe on the croune pearking up, like the spere or shafte of a steeple, standing a quarter of a yarde above the croune of their heades; some more,

some lesse, as please the phantasies of their inconstant mindes. Other some be flat and broad in the eroune like the battlements of a house."-Philip Stubbes.

AHAT is the symbol and characteristic of its wearer. and token of his avocation, habits, and It is a sign opinions the creature of his phantasy. Minerva-like, it bursts forth in full maturity from his brain. It often serves as a beacon to the wary against lewdness, extravagance, cold-heartedness, and vulgarity; vain pomp and parade, unblushing impudence, affected singularity, and many other of the ruling passions, may be detected by its form and fashion. One may ascertain whether a man is whimsical, grotesque, unnaturally gross, rigidly chaste, or venially flexible in his taste, by this infallible test. Much may be deduced too from the style in which it is worn. One man entombs his pericranium in its beaver; another sets it so lightly and delicately on, that it seems to be ever "straining upon the start," and, like "the sweet pea, on tip-toe for a flight."

What an infinity of associations are linked and embodied with the different styles and fashion of the head-covering! The monk's cowl, the turban, the mitre, and the helmet, would each furnish themes innumerable for dissertation and reflection. One might even descant with advantage on the humble mariner's cap. I encountered a hat yesterday which I had long deemed obsolete; it reminded me of quaint garbs, and the republican names of Cromwell, Fairfax, Ireton, Bradshaw, Blake, with his wellcurled mustachios, and the far-famed battle of Marston-Moor. Henri Quatre with his particular face and half-closed eyes, the fair Gabrielle, the princely Mary de Medicis, the fierce leaguers,

and the desperate fanatic Ravillac, float along with the up-turned brim, shadowing plumes, and strange fashion of their time. The Spanish hat breathes of soft, serenades, and the tinkling guitarra, with its delicate voice stealing into the dark-eyed sleeping lady's dream of love, revelling for a moment with all her fanciful and warm ideas, and then gently, and by degrees, awa

kening her to realities, just as her lovher to the flower-encircled casement by er's voice blends gently in, and seduces some magic rhymes of beauty, love, and constancy eternal. The formal beaver reminds me of cold, voiceless meetings, habitual gravity, William Penn, and the primitive immaculates. hat is associated with the delicious caAn operameos, eau de mille fleurs, eloquent dancing, passionate music, and a tiara of living beauty, with bright eyes and beaming brows, sparkling about in delightful exuberance. The small, eleband, polished steel clasp, and fluttergant white chapeau, with its broad ing plumes, speaks to me always of gallant maidens, mounted on slender palfreys, and fantastically gamboling over dewy swards richly begemmed with gay smiling margarites, and the deep green circles formed by "the lightfooted fays." The most pathetic inanwhite beaver of a lively high-spirited imate object I ever beheld was the gay girl, floating in a calm and delusive stream over its drowned mistress; it take-a fleeting monument, that spoke was a beacon which none could misble or erudite inscriptions. more to the heart than perdurable mar

Every man's hat is a cast of his head, and is strongly tinctured with his habits and prejudices. great a variety in hats as in men. There We may discover as is your hat bellicose, flaunting, and soldierly, that seems to court applause, and your tame, pusillanimous, and meekly covering, without shape or feature, emollient, pliable, and unresisting as wax; your technical dot-and-carryone companion to the ledger, and your

little, pert, upstart, whipper-snapper chapeau. There is your hat clerical, devout, orthodox, and sanctified; your brazen-looking, up-turned symbol of arrogant stupidity; your demure, obtuse, and inflexible receptacle of a quaker's caput, whose elaborate brim is one of the chief insignia of the sect; and the incomparative and superlative aristocrat, that graces a noble buck's brows, and utterly defies criticism. There is also your deformed, mis-shapen, unbrushed hat, Benedictine and matrimonial, with its "knotty and combined locks;" and your steady, sober, bachelorly nap-lacking hat, everlasting and immortal, whose olden fashion and antique hue prove it to have enjoyed its present situation since its nowwrinkled possessor first entered the East India House as a stylish junior clerk. There is, besides, your majestical hat of capacity and dominion, and your hat subaltern and unaspiring; your profound, bronze-coloured, overbearing Johnsonian, and your prying, inquisitive, jealous, and "unsatisfied imp;" your infirm, elderly beaver, and your lusty, coarse, dog's-hair agriculturist, with its corollary of documents; your hat morose, sullen, and forbidding, with its never-failing accompaniment of an octagon face, scowling eyes, and clench ́ed lips, and your gay, honest, graceful, but negligent harbinger of vivacity and good-humour; your insinuating, silkysmiling cap of salutation and complacency, which oftener graces its wearer's hand than his head, and the supercilious, haughty noli me tangere; your money-getting Mosaic slouch, and your worn-out, half-naked, and ruined silk hat, in its last stage of existence, still "smiling at grief,” and striving to keep

up appearances.

The catalogue is indefinite; but I shall content myself, at present, with naming two or three others only: the delectably light straw Creolian, with its shady and efficient panoply, crowning a made-up, magisterial, monotonous and mahogany visage, strongly impregnated with molasses, Jamaica rum, and bitter aloes;-the poetical vagary, with its infinite and inexplicable bends, contortions, freaks, and undulations (the maker would not know his own handy

work in its present state of uncivilization and absurdity; it always inclines one to fancy that the bearer has lately been "in a fine frenzy rolling ;")—and the obdurate, hard-brimmed, and frostbitten hat of anti-sociality, under which a sharp, thin, satirical, and calumniating nose juts out, with its prolonged extremity beetling over a venomous adder's nest-looking mouth, and a chin that altogether repels communion.

I shall never forget the reverence and awe, with which the scholars at school were wont to inspect the hat of our head-master. "I shall not look upon its like again." It was large and expansive, encrusted with powder and the learned dust of many a year. It was hallowed by recollections of imperative frowns, grave lectures, and profound disquisitions on the Greek and Roman tongues. It would have been deemed akin to sacrilege to touch it irreverently. He often left it in the most conspicuous part of the room, to preserve order in his absence. No one could forget him who beheld his hat; they were so mixed up and amalgamated together, that the hat was a component, and almost essential part of the man. It looked dominant, impressive, and gubernatorial.

TILLOTSON.

A.

his family but the copy of his posthuArchbishop Tillotson left nothing to mous sermons, which was afterwards sold for 2,500 guineas. King William granted Dr. Tillotson's widow a pension of 6001. per annum, and forgave the first fruits.

BURKE and DALRYMPLE.

The king is supposed by some to have given Burke and Sir John Dalrymple access to King William's cabinet at Kensington, where they made some extracts unfavourable to Sydney and Russel.

TOOTH-ACHE.

A gentleman is at this moment sitting by the writer, who has experienced decided benefit in a violent face ache, (most probably originating from a carious tooth) by putting a drop or two of the prussic acid into the hollow of the tooth affected, and taking two drops of the same internally upon retiring to rest. This is not the first nor the second case

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