tion which the union with a rich man promised. How he loved the world! It seemed as if its treasures and pleasures were growing dearer to him every day he lived; and he planned to live long, while death was shaking the few last sands from his glass. Mr Wise had been conversing with his intended son-in-law on the subject of the marriage, and, when the latter expressed some doubts that Ellen would not, for a long time, consent to the marriage, the father, suddenly rising, exclaimed, “I assure you, Mr Kerney, that Ellen shall be yours---yes, in one month, if I live, she shall consent to marry you---or

What he would have added, was never known. Perhaps a malediction against his only child, if she resisted his arbitrary command to sell herself for gold, was rising in his heart. But he was spared the sin of giving expression to his thought. He uttered a groan, fell backward, and immediately expired.

Ellen wept over him in deep and sincere sorrow; and the world soon allowed that she had cause of grief. It was found, on examining the affairs of Mr Wise, that he was a bankrupt to a large amount. The creditors seized every thing- -even Ellen's harp was not spared; and Mr Kerney, like a prudent man as he really was in pecuniary matters, fearing he might be appealed to in her behalf, took passage in the first Havre packet, with the avowed intention of passing several years abroad.

"Poor Ellen! What will become of her ?" exclaimed Miss Rickett, in a soft, sentimental tone, which she intended should pass for compassion towards the destitute orphan. "Oh, I do so pity her!" The malicious sparkle of her eye told of a different feeling.

"You may spare your sympathy, for Miss Wise needs it not," replied Mrs Alden, with that calm but deep expression, which tells the pretender to kind feelings that her dissimulation is perfectly understood. "The orphan has a true friend."

"Yourself, my dear madam ?" inquired the spinster, with an admiring smile.

"She will remain with me a few weeks longer; then

she is to be married."

"Married! indeed! Why, Mr Kerney has left the

country."

"True; but Miss Wise was never engaged to him, and never would have married such a man. She has happier prospects."

"Some sentimental love affair, I presume," said Miss Rickett, with a sneer. "I think you are the advocate of love marriages."

"I am the advocate of truth in all the relations of life; and, till the marriage-contract sanctions the union of husband and wife for purposes of mere convenience, I shall consider that those who at the altar pledge their love to each other, are guilty of perjury, unless they feel what they profess."

"Pray, who is the favoured swain ?" "A young lawyer of New York." "Ah, some Yankee speculator, I presume," said Miss Rickett, scornfully. "But I hope Miss Wise will be cautious. This Strephon may enact the second part of the Mercenary Lover,' and be off like the old beau." Mrs Alden gave her a look. How emphatic may be the language of a look! Miss Rickett felt that she was an object of utter contempt to the good matron, and, for once, the silent rebuke was effectual; not another word of slander or satire did she utter. What a poor mean figure detected envy and malice display!

*

They were married, Henry Harrison and Ellen Wise; and they were happy, for their love was of that deep and tender nature which perfect sympathy of feeling and congeniality of mind and taste inspire. It was exalted too, for it was based on perfect faith in the worth and truth of each other. Yet Henry had not ventured to open all his heart to his young bride. Had he felt himself free to obey the dictates of prudence, he would hardly have dared to indulge his desire for so early a marriage, as his profession had hitherto afforded him but little more income than sufficed for his own support. It was a time, too, of great depression in business, and the prospects of the country were gloomy. But Ellen was destitute of a home and protector, and he could no longer endure the severe calculations of prudence which had forbidden their union. He married; and, after all the expenses attending the event were settled, his lodgings furnished, and his bride seated in her genteel parlour, arranged in a pretty though not expensive style, he found he had barely sufficient cash left to pay the first month's board. True, he had debts due from several clients, but he knew it was very uncertain when he should obtain payment. How could he enter into these vexing details to his young and utterly inexperienced wife?

Mr Wise had always destined his daughter for a rich husband. She was, he well knew, exceedingly beautiful; he had studied to educate her in the manner which

would make her natural graces most attractive. Holding in the most sovereign contempt the Bentham philosophy, which inculcates the "greatest happiness of the greatest number," his efforts had only selfish indulgence for their object; and he had trained Ellen in his own luxurious habits and expensive tastes. But the pure diamond will glow in the dark mine as brightly as on the coronet of a king. Ellen had a disposition which prosperity could not corrupt. Her mind was naturally upright, or, as a phrenologist would say, she had large conscientiousness. And this simple integrity of heart had always resisted the blandishments which her father's vanity had drawn around her. Yet she had had no practical experience in lessons of self-denial, and could not, therefore, know the little methods of management and daily sacrifices of taste to necessity, which real poverty imposes. She was aware that Henry had no fortune; yet his profession was, in her estimation, one of the first in the world; and she had never doubted his ability to maintain her according to her station. But those few words, that sad, loving expression in her husband's eye, as he gazed so tenderly on her, told the struggle of his soul. She now felt that she was the wife of a poor man; that, to shield her from suffering, he was sacrificing himself. The whole depth

of that adversity, from which he had rescued her at the peril of his own peace, was, in a moment, unsealed; and that night, during which she scarcely closed her eyes, there was opened before her aroused faculties a new world of thoughts, hopes, and resolutions. The next morning her manner towards her husband evinced more than usual tenderness; and, when he went out, her parting kiss was given with that heart-devoted affection, which to him was a recompense for every care.

As soon as he was gone, Ellen hastened to a shop where she knew fancy work was sold. She could devise no way of earning money except by her needle. Her education, though it had cost more money than it requires to carry half a dozen economical young men through college, had been unsystematical. Her masters had taught her the result of sciences, and the show of accomplishments; but the principles which must be comprehended and made clear to the mind before one is qualified to communicate knowledge to other minds, she had never acquired. She played the harp and piano divinely, but could not have given a lesson on either, or, at least, she dared not attempt it. She could draw and paint beautifully, yet knew not the principles of either art. But in needlework she excelled, and had a natural ingenuity and taste which had often excited the admiration of her companions. And, as melancholy reflections on the waste of precious time and money, which she felt was the result of her superficial mode of education, passed through her mind, she turned with something of exultation to the thought that she had loved needlework, and could execute almost every kind with great skill. "Oh, I will employ every moment-I will earn enough to pay my own board! Dear Henry shall not feel distress on my account!" were her mental exclamations as she entered the shop of Mrs Millet.

These bright dreams were soon dispersed. Mrs Millet wanted no muslin nor fancy work; and, when she did give out work of the kind, the prices she paid were so inadequate to the time required for such nice performances, that Ellen found she could not hope to earn half enough to pay her board. While she lingered, in doubt what next to attempt, a young lady entered, and inquired for daisy buttons and frogs. Mrs Millet had none of the colour wanted.

"I thought you always kept a variety. I can nowhere find any," said the young lady.

"I have had the best assortment in the city," remarked the shopwoman; "but the girl that made them for me is dying with the consumption, and I can find nobody ingenious enough to make the nice kind. Needlework is sadly neglected now-a-days."

The thought struck Ellen, "Here is a chance for me." She asked to look at the buttons. "Can you make such as those, miss ?" asked the woman, thinking, from Ellen's blushing face, that she was a diffident school girl, and, from her earnest manner, that perhaps she would try to make them well; "'cause, if you can, I will pay you a high price, three sixpences a-dozen."

"Three sixpences! Ellen Wise seeking employment by sixpences!" were the first thoughts that flashed over her mind. But she recovered her calmness in a moment. "I will try, if you will let me have the materials." "Oh, certainly; but you must pay for the silk and moulds; you need only take a few skeins of silk, for you may waste it all, and I cannot afford to lose it. I will give you the price I named for good buttons, and four shillings a-dozen for frogs."

Ellen took materials sufficient for an experiment, a few buttons for models, and, after paying for her purchase, found she had only one sixpence in her purse. Well," thought she, " if the old proverb be correct, that necessity is the mother of invention,' I shall succeed. I have need enough to arouse my ingenuity."

And she did succeed "wonderfully," Mrs Millet said, "and would soon earn a fortune." And Ellen felt that she was indeed rich, when in a week from her first essay, she found herself able to earn from six to nine shillings per day. Never, never had she been so rich, so happy. The hours passed away like moments; the days were over before she had time to think of weariness. She only worked while her husband was absent, for she wished to surprise him, at the end of the month, with the sight of her wealth; when his heart was heavy with care, how blessed it would be to find that she had sympathised with him. They had just entered on the third month of their married life, when Ellen commenced her buttonmaking business. The first day of the fourth month the landlady served up, as usual, her bill with the tea equipage. She made it a principle," she very modestly observed, "never to disturb a boarder with a bill except when his mind was at leisure, which it must be over the tea-table."

Ellen watched her husband's countenance, when, after tea, he opened the paper. As he raised his eyes to hers, she could not forbear smiling. "I am glad you are so happy, my love,” said he.

"Are you not happy, Henry ?" "Yes, yes; I shall always be happy while I can make you so. But I have sometimes feared" "That we should be poor, and then that I should be miserable?"

Henry looked earnestly on his wife. She continued, "I know, my dear husband, that you have suffered deep concern on my account; but never fear. I have engaged a fairy to supply me with all I want. I do not intend, like Cinderella, to tax her for a coach-and-six, as I have no notion of going to a ball to gain the favour of a prince while I can see you at home; nor do I expect garments the colour of the sun,' but only the modest kind that pleases you; these she has promised me."

He looked more and more puzzled. At last she rose, and, going to her cabinet, brought forth a little box containing her hoarded treasure, and placed it before him. "Take it, my dear Henry; I have earned it for you!" And the gush of joy that thrilled through her heart melted to a flood of those sweet tears which only spring from the very fullness of pleasure.

That evening, as they sat together, she told him every thing; all her feelings, thoughts, plans, and performances. And he confided to her every doubt, fear, and perplexity, that had shadowed his path. "But these are all removed now, dearest," said he. "We now understand each other; we are now one-one in purpose, plan, pursuit We shall succeed. God will bless those who TRY AND TRUST."

And they did succeed. Henry Harrison is now one o the brightest ornaments of his profession in the great state of New York. He is also one of the most estimable men in private life, rich enough to gratify his refined tastes and benevolent feelings; and his wife is still the cherished object of his affection, his confidant, counsellor, and helper.

The same devoted and faithful love that first awakened Ellen's spirit to exertion, has animated her in acquiring the requisite knowledge of all her domestic duties. These she has performed, not as tasks, but as pleasures. And she often alludes to her first experiment in the use of her own faculties to gain an independent support, or rather to prevent herself from being a burden to her husband, as the period when her judgment was really exercised, her mind enlightened to discern the moral relations of woman in her social and domestic character, and her heart strengthened to endure, and refined to enjoy, the lot assigned her. "I have," she remarked to a young friend who was about to be married, “never regretted that I was compelled to resort to button-making. The man you are to marry is rich; but, should any reverse occur, never lament for yourself, but strive to assist him. The effort will make you happy; and there is no grace, no perfection, that will so surely gain the esteem and love of your husband."

DRAMATIC PROVERBS.

THIS amusement, like Bouts Rimés, took its rise, very appropriately, in France. It consists, as its name partly imports, in the illustration of a proverb by a dramatic scene got up extemporaneously by two or more members of a social party. The more forcibly the meaning and spirit of the selected proverb are developed by the language, gestures, and actions, of the parties who take the task upon them, the better is the purpose of it fulfilled, and the greater the consequent entertainment. Of course, no slight amount of wit and readiness of thought is requisite for the successful execution of these Proverbes Dramatiques, and ordinary society in Britain is as yet little accustomed to see them done. But in the literary circles of Paris, the exhibition is a common one, and gives great amusement. We have before us an excellent account of one instance in which the acting of proverbs was practised with great success in Dublin. The narrator is Prince Puchler Muskwa, and the chief performers were the well-known Lady Morgan, and her sister Lady C. We give nearly the whole scene, as we could in no way better describe the general nature of this entertainment :-" The most amusing part of the entertainment," says the German prince, was the acting of proverbs by Lady M- and her sister Lady C- who both extemporised admirably. Among others, they performed Love me, love my dog!" The manner of doing it is then depicted nearly

66

as follows:

Persons of the drama:-Lady M, an old coquette; Lady C an Irish fortune-hunter; her eldest daughter, a French waiting-maid; the youngest daughter, a captain of the Guards, a lover of the lady. Scene the first; Lady M- with her maid at her toilet. Confidential advice of the maid, in which she betrays various laughable secrets of the toilet. Distress of the coquette at the first appearance of wrinkles. Assurances of the Abigail that by candle-light nobody can be handsomer. Former curious love affairs then talked of. "Hush!" cries the maid suddenly," I hear the captain." This personage, an exquisite, enters with great fuss, carrying a little dog under his arm; and after some tender compliments, tells his mistress that he is obliged to rejoin his regiment, and wishes to leave her his little Fidèle, that she may be kept in mind of the fidelity due to him. Burlesque protestations, sobs, embraces, and farewells follow. But lo! the Irish fortune-hunter steps on the scene after the captain is gone, and, by dint of brass and address, overcomes the feeble resistance of the lady, and gets her consent to sign a marriage-contract, by which her whole fortune is to be transferred to his guidance. Just at this juncture, however, he observes the dog, and, finding out the truth regarding the ownership of it, from the stammering confusion of the lady, thinks it fitting and proper to play the part of the jealous infuriated lover. He insists on the instant expulsion of poor Fidèle, and, having gained over the maid by a dexterously administered purse, throws the dog out of the door, while the waiting-maid holds back the half-reluctant lady. It chances that the captain had forgotten to leave Fidèle's collar, and, returning with it, is just in time to receive in his arms his poor canine pet, so unceremoniously dismissed. Now follows a mighty blustering between the rivals, who look at each other so canniballishly, and talk so big, that the women take to flight. Left alone with his opponent, the captain draws his sword, and compelling the Irishman to make the field; with which consummation the scene closes. a rather hasty exit by the window, remains master of

"The skeleton here is meagre," says the prince, "but the spirit, humour, and wit, by which it was filled out, rendered it extremely entertaining. The imperfections of the costume made it only more piquant. The ladies had but put on a coat and waistcoat over

their own dresses, and stuck a hat on their heads. Their swords were riding-whips, and Fidèle a muff." As gentlemen may be performers as well as ladies, though chance ordered it otherwise in this instance, there need exist ordinarily no such imperfections in attire. First introduced into society, after the fashion here described, dramatised Proverbes have since taken a fixed and respectable place in the literature of France. At the present day, M. Theodore Leclerq, a writer of ability, has produced no fewer than eight volumes of them, and these are much spoken of and admired. Alfred de Vigny, one of the cleverest novelists of the day, has also turned his attention to the same line of composition. It must be confessed, however, that to dramatise proverbs on paper, with deliberation and the power of revision, is a task of a very different nature from the extemporisation of them orally. Lady Morgan, who, not to speak of her uncommon talents, had spent much of her time in France, and had doubtless practised the amusement very frequently, might succeed perfectly in delighting a company in the manner described; but the task is too difficult a one ever to be extensively prevalent in ordinary society, unless, indeed, parties give themselves the advantage of considerable preparation.

A FEW WEEKS FROM HOME.
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS AT OKHAM, EALING, AND
HACKNEY-WICK.

My next visits were to several schools in and about London, chiefly those in which industrial occupation has been introduced. The establishment at Norwood, for the rearing and educating of pauper children, I was glad to find, continued to flourish. Within the last twelve months, an infant-school had been added to the other arrangements, and outline elementary drawing, principally with reference to industrial objects, now formed a branch of ordinary study for a number of the more advanced pupils. I was informed by Mr Aubin, the superintendant, that the introduction of simple drawing lessons on slates, besides amusing the children, had very greatly facilitated their progress in writing-a circumstance not at all remarkable, for skill in drawing and writing depends on the cultivation of the same imitative faculty. This was the first time I had seen drawing taught familiarly to poor children, since my visit to the Dutch and Belgian schools in 1838.

The industrial school with which I commenced my round of inquiry was that established a few years ago by Lord Lovelace, at Okham, near Ripley, in Surrey, with a view to the improvement of the juvenile population in that part of the country, and chiefly those on his lordship's estate. Conveyed in the first place along the South Western Railway, a distance of about fifteen miles, and afterwards transported in a chaise a distance of other five miles, across a generally heathy and broken piece of country, we arrived at the scene of this novel experiment in moral cultivation. A more appropriate region for the introduction of the schoolmaster could not well be found in England. The farmers and peasantry in the neighbourhood are in a state of deplorable ignorance, and, as a matter of course, are deeply prejudiced in favour of old usages and a vegetative existence. Their houses, farm-offices, and style of husbandry, are, I should think, scarcely an advance upon what existed in the same part of the country at the time of the Anglo-Saxons. They have no notion of employing any species of improved mechanism in their profession, such as thrashing-mills or fanners. On visiting the establishment of a farmer who had about 150 acres in crop, I found that thrashing is still entirely performed by the flail, and that the chaff is cleansed from the grain by throwing it against the current of air which, in windy weather, blows across the floor of the barn. I venture to say that such a barbarous practice has not been heard of in Scotland for at least half a century. The only existing amusement, or means of recreation in the neighbourhood, is an adjournment to the beer-pot at the nearest public-house.

It is in the midst of this intellectual desert that Lord Lovelace has endeavoured to introduce the means of cultivation. To improve the condition of the more humble class of labourers, as well as to reclaim some of his waste land, his lordship has afforded allotments of an acre, or half acre, to those who are willing to cultivate patches of that extent at their leisure hours, charging a very small annual rent. The field containing these allotments is now, I am glad to say, showing manifest signs of improvement, and its cultivators have in almost every instance benefited by their industry. The rent is not more than twenty shillings for an acre, and from a piece of ground of that dimensions, one man lately realised L.25 by his crop. The chief articles cultivated are potatoes and peas. At the time of my visit, the only individual at work was the wife of one of the renters, who had come a couple of miles from home to labour with a hoe on her small potato ground. The principal drawback to a more rapid and effective improvement of the soil than these poor people can accomplish, is the want of manure; for the kind of husbandry by which that article may be largely produced, is not understood or acted upon in this part of the country.

Passing the allotment ground, we shortly arrive at the enclosed field, in which the school establishment is situated. The school-houses and dwellings for the

teachers consist of a series of low buildings, in a style of architecture not the most suitable for such a purpose; and in front of them are a few acres of ground laid out for the use of the pupils. The school, which contains both boys and girls, is in two distinct divisions -one for infants, and the other for advanced pupils ; the total number of children in the institution was 160. The fee is 1d. per week for each pupil. This little seminary is the offspring of generous wishes, for which its founder deserves much credit; but, from what I saw of it, I was impressed with the idea that considerably larger expenditure would be required to do full justice to a design upon such a scale. In both departments of the school, I nevertheless found an active and liberal system of instruction, each of the two masters being evidently desirous of promoting the welfare of the establishment. In the school, there was a library of entertaining little works, which I was informed were sought for and read with avidity by the elder boys and girls; and this is clearly so much gained from the great outfield of ignorance in the district. The course of industrial occupation was on a much more limited scale than I had expected. It was, I believe, part of the design to instruct the boys in various handicrafts, but nothing of the kind has yet been attempted. The only employment is gardening, which is pursued at certain hours by a number of the boys. Each is allowed the sixteenth of an acre at a rent of one shilling, and the produce, whatever it may be, is entirely their own. Several boys were busily engaged in delving their small patches, and the crops of potatoes and peas, which were showing themselves above ground, were in some cases tolerably abundant. I was informed by the superintendant, that in general the gardening was pursued with little animation, as the boys have no means of providing manure to fertilise the soil, and as there was no population in the neighbourhood to purchase the produce. Upon the whole, the Okham School, though doing some good, cannot be said to be in a very flourishing condition.

My visit to the industrial school of Lady Byron at Ealing, was much more satisfactory. Ealing is a village in Middlesex, situated some five or six miles west from Paddington, and may be reached from that outskirt of the metropolis in about fifteen minutes by the Great Western Railway. It is a neat, genteellooking place, with a few hundreds of inhabitants, and various circumstances indicate a different condition of things from that which prevails at Okham. The school establishment here, which was begun and patronised by Lady Byron about five years ago, and served in some measure as a model to that of her son-in-law, Lord Lovelace, possesses nothing attractive in its exterior. It is situated in a retired part of the village, and originally consisted of a barn and stable, which have been plainly altered and rendered suitable as a school and boarding-house. At the time of my visit, the school consisted of ninety pupils, all boys, whose ages averaged from nine to twelve or thirteen; a number were boarders from London, being committed by their parents to the charge of Mr Atley, the master, for the purpose of initiation in industrial occupation, as well as ordinary branches of learning. The fee for day scholars is 2d. per week. It happened to be a holiday when I entered the large enclosure, but, notwithstanding this circumstance, I found a number of the pupils busy in their gardens, and the master assured me that, with few exceptions, the boys are happy to devote all their play hours to labour. Escaping from the school-room, they hasten to the tool-house for their spades, and are more delighted in keeping their small patches of ground in good order, than most boys are in pelting frogs, laying waste a parterre of flowers, or following out any other anciently established routine of destruction.

According to the rules of the establishment, the land is let in patches of five and ten rods, for which rent must be regularly paid. Ten rods are let for 3d. per month, and five rods for 14d. There are at present forty tenants, the greater part of whom possess only five rods, that being a sufficiently large stripe for the management of any single boy who has not acquired considerable confidence and experience. The crops universally grown are the same as those at Okham-peas and potatoes but there are likewise a few other things, and some of the gardens are prettily embellished with flowers. The boys help each other in their labours, which must promote much good feeling amongst them, and train the mind to social intercourse. was delighted to learn that these out-ofdoor labours, conducted, of course, under the eye of the master, have a moral tendency. No boy is ever known to steal any thing from another, and no one injures his neighbour's property. The dignifying and improving power of labour was probably never so practically manifested as in this interesting juvenile community. Some of the more skilled pupils reap solid and immediate benefits from their industry. Gentlemen in the neighbourhood, with the best motives, purchase vegetables from them at their fair market value; and there being thus an outlet for the produce, no pains are spared to raise the most abundant crops. One boy, I was told, realised L.2, 8s. of profit last year by his crop, and another L.2, 4s.

Besides gardening, the boys are taught carpentry, and to use their hands in any other occupation that falls in their way. I was shown an outhouse which they had built with brick and mortar, and finished in every respect except slating. This edifice

was designed as the carpenter's shop, and was shortly to come into use. The country air and exercise to which the pupils are exposed, the happiness they enjoy in their rural labours, and a mild routine of instruction in school, unite in keeping them in good health and invigorating their moral and intellectual faculties. The schoolmaster spoke also approvingly of their advancement in simple religious knowledge, as far as he was able to communicate it, and lamented that the clergyman of the district, though humbly requested to give his countenance and advice in this branch of education, had pointedly refused to do so, alleging as a reason, that the institution was not in connexion with the national schools. This statement only corroborated what I heard every where else, that the only persons who either looked with disdain on the efforts of the schoolmaster, or assumed a hostile attitude towards them, were the clergymen in the neighbourhood. I mention the circumstance with much sorrow, and hope for better times.

The establishment of the "Children's Friend Society" at Hackney-Wick, in the eastern environs of the metropolis, is very different in many respects from either of the preceding institutions, but is equally entitled to rank as a school of industry, and may appropriately enough be described in the present paper. It is almost needless to mention a fact with which most persons are acquainted, that London and its densely populated suburbs abound in poor and friendless children, who are either wholly abandoned by their parents to the parish authorities, or are left to pick up the means of a precarious existence by begging or pilfering. The streets of all our large towns exhibit a continually flourishing crop of this class of juvenile paupers-little ragged wretches whom nobody seems to heed, but who in reality constitute the materiel for the supply of courts of justice, and furnish steady employment to an extensive corps of judges, lawyers, jailers, and governors of penal colonies. Ten years ago, the idea of checking, or at least modifying, the growth of juvenile vagrancy in the metropolis, and so if possible preventing subsequent crime and punishment, occurred to a few benevolent-minded individuals, and they forthwith organised the plan of the Children's Friend Society, which has been liberally supported by voluntary subscriptions from philanthropists of every class and party. The institution possesses two asylums-one at Hackney-Wick for boys, and another at Chiswick for girls." It was the former of these which I now went to see.

The establishment, which is situated near the suburb of Hackney, among green fields and gardens, consists of a cluster of humble edifices enclosed from the public thoroughfare, with a large play-ground in the centre, and ten acres of garden and field behind. The buildings include a house for the family of the superintendant, a school-room, a sleeping apartment, in which is a long row of beds in the form of hammocks, a mess-room, and several workshops and toolhouses. The children, 90 in number, are dressed in a plain manner with blue linen blouses, and, to appearance, seemed a happy healthful collection of boys, mostly under twelve years of age. In answer to inquiries respecting the cause of their being inmates of the asylum, I learned that some were orphans or utterly destitute children picked up from the streets, others were boarded at the expense of parishes, while several were of that class of juveniles usually denominated "bad boys," and whose parents sent them to this place, with the hope of removing them from the society of vicious companions, and of having them methodically trained under the moral discipline of the asylum. The fee charged for board and education is 4s. 6d. per week. If the excellent rules for management be consistently and regularly acted upon, there can be no question as to the beneficial results. The system appeared to me to embrace much useful, healthy, and profitable industry, with correct moral nurture, as well as a fair share of ordinary school instruction. One of the most important features in the arrangement is the variety of industrial occupation, suitable to different capacities and tastes. There are a small printing-office with a press and types, a carpenter's shop with a bench and tools, a blacksmith's shed with an anvil, hammer, and bellows, and also shoemaking and tailoring departments, in which all the shoes and clothes are made and mended. Each workshop is under the charge of an aged artisan who acts as instructor in his craft. The printing-office is a neat little room, under the management of an old compositor; and here the boys print all the Reports for the institution, school tracts, and other papers. The out-of-door labour in the garden and field is conducted daily at fixed hours, except when the weather renders it unsuitable. Some of the small patches, cultivated by individual boys, did not appear to differ materially from what I had seen at Ealing. Along the margin of a rivulet which winds its way through the premises, the young cultivators are taught to rear and manage a stock of water-cresses.

The regular duties of the day commence as early as six o'clock; and after a certain period for school and breakfast, the boys form divisions under monitors, receive their tools from the tool-house, with instructions from the master, and proceed in an orderly manner to their different appointments; the printers to their office; the carpenters, blacksmiths, shoemakers, and tailors, to their shops, and the agriculturists to the field or gardens. At noon, the various divisions assemble, form a line, and proceed to the tool-house

for use.

The next stage is that of grinding. The coffee should be ground immediately before it is used: the common practice of keeping it ready ground is a wasteful one. If exposed to the air, much of its aroma is dispersed, and even if kept in close vessels, it seems that it is apt to undergo internal decomposition the popular idea that it remains uninjured if kept in a closely corked bottle, is therefore a fallacy.

The coffee should be ground as fine as possible, as thereby its essential properties are more easily extracted by boiling the importance of shortening the time of boiling will appear more clearly from what follows.

Coffee, when roasted, contains two substances-one highly volatile, which gives to it its peculiar aromatic flavour, and a pungent and exhilarating principle of a more fixed nature. This makes the process of boiling a matter of some nicety. If the coffee be boiled too long, the volatile aroma is dispersed; if boiled only for a short time, the pungent or stimulating property is only partially extracted. A medium must therefore be adopted, and the coffee must be acted upon for a sufficient period to extract a reasonable portion of the latter, without a serious waste of the former quality. It is for this reason that grinding the coffee fine acts beneficially, as the fixed stimulating property may in that case be extracted with less boiling, and may therefore be united in a higher degree with the aroma. If the berries are reduced to a very fine powder, a very trifling boiling will extract all their virtues.

The clearing of coffee is as carefully attended to by consumers as proper boiling; indeed, the "percolator" which is in common use may be said in a great measure to sacrifice the latter object to the former. This instrument, which was invented by Count Rumford, is nothing else than a strainer, or filter, on which the coffee is placed; boiling water is poured upon it, and filtered through the coffee and the strainer. The liquid thus obtained is cleared indeed; but as the coffee has not been boiled, but merely subjected to infusion, only a portion of its strength is extracted, and before the filtering is complete, the beverage has become cooled. These objections have led to artificial methods of clearing, such as the addition of fish-skin, isinglass, &c. Latterly, there have been several mechanical inventions for preparing coffee speedily for the table-among others we may mention "Platow's Patent Automaton Coffee Urn," and the "Pneumatic Coffee-pot" but of the actual value of these we are unable to pronounce any opinion. It must always be recollected that extreme speed may be procured at a sacrifice of flavour, and this must be carefully guarded against. The liquid extract of coffee evidently requires a certain length of time to mellow before it be fit for use in an agreeable form.

From the foregoing explanations, it will appear that the art of preparing coffee for the breakfast-table is not to be understood without some attention. But, on the other hand, the degree of attention required is so trifling, that it would assuredly be well bestowed, especially considering the interesting nature of the subject. Far more toil and time are daily given to other culinary processes which probably merit them less, and much more trouble is spent, both by the higher and lower classes, on mere trifles, which contribute less both to their enjoyment and recreation than studies of this nature; whilst on the processes of the distiller-pernicious as they are for the most part in their results to the best interests of society-capital and scientific skill have been profusely employed. The subject of these remarks can scarcely be considered as less deserving of investigation; regard being paid to the ends to which it may be rendered subservient, the coffee berry is no ignoble topic of investigation. Ministering as it does to the luxuries of the rich, it seems destined to fulfil the higher office of contributing to

the reformation of the poor, by presenting to them a beverage, which, though free from intoxicating qualities, enables them more readily to dispense with ardent spirits. The more palatable and inviting this beverage is rendered, the more efficient will it prove as an auxiliary in the great cause of moral reformation. With these views, it may be remarked that the preceding processes do not appear to be either too abstruse for the understanding, or too costly for the means, even of the very humblest classes. No two things can differ more widely from each other than coffee as it is usually drank by the poor, and the same substance prepared with care and good sense. But there is another advantage, and that by no means a trifling one, which would result could the "good wives" of our labouring classes be induced to give a little of their time to acquiring skill in coffeemaking. Not only would their husbands drink a better beverage, but they would drink it at home. The liquid which is served out to the labouring classes in the common coffee-shops in the metropolis, is a coarse and repulsive draught, extracted from bad coffee still worse prepared-deprived of all the aroma it ever possessed by protracted boiling upon a large scale, and probably rendered extremely unwholesome by the excess of the bitter principle. Were our housewives to learn to prepare a more palatable and healthy beverage by their own firesides, they would be abundantly repaid. They would add another link to the chain which binds men to their homes; they would materially diminish the temptations to intemperance to which their partners are exposed; and would thereby render no trivial service to their husbands, their children, and themselves.

TERROR OF PUBLIC OPINION. EVERY traveller who returns from the United States of America expresses his astonishment at the remarkable tyranny of public opinion, which by universal consent prevails in that country. No one, it appears, dares to take a decided stand against popular sentiment, no matter how absurd or false it may chance to be; so that, while no nation on the face of the earth is so civilly free, none is so socially enslaved. Orville Dewey, in an excellent work, entitled "Moral Views of Commerce, Society, and Politics" (New York, 1838), exposes and denounces this peculiarity in the social condition of his countrymen, in the following well-set terms :

in them to attempt any reform? What is to rebuke political time-serving, religious fanaticism, or social folly, if no one has the independence to protest against them? Look at it in a larger view. What barrier is there against the universal despotism of public opinion in this country, but individual freedom? Who is to stand up against it here but the possessor of that lofty independence? There is no king, no sultan, no noble, no privileged class; nobody else to stand against it. If you yield this point, if you are for ever making compromises, if all men do this, if the entire policy of private life here is to escape opposition and reproach, every thing will be swept beneath the popular wave. There will be no individuality, no hardihood, no high and stern resolve, no self-subsistence, no fearless dignity, no glorious manhood of mind, left among us. The holy heritage of our fathers' virtues will be trodden under foot by their unworthy children. They feared not to stand up against kings and nobles, and parliament and people. Better did they account it, that their lonely bark should sweep the wide sea in freedom-happier were they when their sail swelled to the storm of winter-than to be slaves in palaces of ease. Sweeter to their ear was the music of the gale that shrieked in their broken cordage, than the voice at home that said, 'Submit, and you shall have rest.' And, when they reached this wild shore, and built their altar, and knelt upon the frozen snow and the flinty rock to worship, they built that altar to freedom, to individual freedom, to freedom of conscience and opinion; and their noble prayer was, that their children might be thus free. Let their sons remember the prayer of their extremity, and the great bequest which their magnanimity has left us. Let them beware how they become entangled again in the yoke of bondage. Let the ministers at God's altar, let the guardians of the press, let all sober and thinking men, speak the thought that is in them. It is better to speak honest error than to suppress conscious truth. Smothered error is more dangerous than that which flames and burns out. But do I speak of danger? I know of but one thing safe in the universe, and that is truth. And I know of but one way to truth for an individual mind, and that is unfettered thought. And I know but one path for the multitude to truth, and that is thought, freely expressed. Make of truth itself an altar of slavery, and guard it about with a mysterious shrine-bind thought as a victim upon it, and let the passions of the prejudiced multitude minister fuel-and you sacrifice upon that accursed altar the hopes of the world!"

It would be a matter of curious inquiry how far the foregoing observations applied to the state of society in this country.

AN OBSCURE MAN OF GENIUS.

WE believe there are few country towns in Scotland in which may not be found individuals pursuing a humble profession, but possessing abilities of the first order, skilful in some intricate art, and yet whose reputation can scarcely be said to be known ten miles distant from their home. We have happened to know several of these "geniuses," as they are ordinarily termed-one had an extraordinary knack at making and mending locks, another made fire-arms of firstrate quality, a third was good at cuckoo clocks, a fourth was an extraordinary adept at cork-screws, and so on with several others. We find a notice of a self-taught genius of this stamp in the Falkirk Magazine, a periodical of considerable merit (1827), conducted by a young man of ability, Mr Robert Keirhimself an example of modest merit, but who was prematurely removed from this earthly scene.

"The greatest of all dangers here, as I conceive, is that of general pusillanimity, of moral cowardice, of losing a proper and manly independence of character. I think that I see something of this in our very manners, in the hesitation, the indirectness, the cautious and circuitous modes of speech, the eye asking assent before the tongue can finish its sentence. I think that in other countries you oftener meet with men who stand manfully and boldly up, and deliver their opinion without asking or caring what you or others think about it. It may, sometimes, be rough and harsh; but, at any rate, it is independent. Observe, too, in how many relations, political, religious, and social, a man is liable to find bondage instead of freedom. If he wants office, he must attach himself to a party, and then his eyes must be sealed in blindness, and his lips in silence, towards all the faults of his party. He may have his eyes open, and he may see much to condemn, but he must say nothing. If he edits a newspaper, his choice is often between bondage and beggary. That may actually be the choice, though he does not know it. He may be so complete a slave that he does not feel the chain. His passions may be so enlisted in the cause of his party, as to blind his discrimination and destroy all comprehension and "John Gibson, as this man of genius was named, was capability of independence. So it may be with the a native of Jedburgh. At an early age he was bound religious partisan. He knows, perhaps, that there are apprentice to a clock and watch maker of that place. errors in his adopted creed, faults in his sect, fanati- After the expiry of his apprenticeship, he came to cism and extravagance in some of its measures. See Kelso and began business for himself. Being in a if you get him to speak of them. See if you can get delicate state of health, he resided for some time in him to breathe a whisper of doubt. No; he is always the neighbourhood of the town for the benefit of free believing. He has a convenient phrase that covers up air, and soon began to be known as a singular chaall difficulties in his creed. Ile believes it for sub-racter. Many ignorant and superstitious people were stance of doctrine.' Or, if he is a layman, perhaps he persuaded that he was possessed of the second sight. does not believe it at all. What, then, is his conclu- He was therefore frequently consulted as an oracle sion? Why, he has friends who do believe it; and about future destinies, and also about stolen goods. he does not wish to offend them. And so he goes on, His responses in general gave great satisfaction. He listening to what he does not believe; outwardly ac- predicted for the most part with accuracy, and conquiescing, inwardly remonstrating; the slave of fear cealed pilfered articles were often recovered by his or fashion, never daring, not once in his life daring, to sagacity. In a short time, however, the superiority of speak out openly the thought that is in him. Nay, he his genius was known and admired by many intellisees men suffering under the weight of public repro- gent gentlemen. He now took up his residence in bation for the open espousal of the very opinions he Kelso, where he made many clocks upon improved holds, and he has never the generosity or manliness principles, which are now regarded as mechanical to say, "I think so too.' Nay, more; by the course he curiosities. Optics had long been his favourite study. pursues he is made to cast his stone-or he holds it in He now commenced optician, and constructed reflecthis hand at least, and lets another arm apply the force ing telescopes, which he sold at from two to five guineas. necessary to cast it at the very men who are suffering He also constructed achromatic prospects on the plan a sort of martyrdom for his own faith! of Mr Dolland, and in a short time surpassed the great inventor. He made one of these prospects, mounted in the most beautiful style, for Sir John Peter, then envoy at the court of St Petersburg. The magnifying power was 150, and the diameter of the object glass was six inches. The instrument, with all its apparatus, cost 100 guineas. When Sir John returned to Russia, he presented it to the Empress Catherine, who was so charmed with it, that she sent Mr Gibson an urgent invitation to come to St Petersburg, with a promise of patronage. The delicate state of his health obliged him to decline her generous

I am not now advocating any particular opinions. I am only advocating a manly freedom in the expression of those opinions which a man does entertain. And if those opinions are unpopular, I hold that in this country there is so much the more need of an open and independent expression of them. Look at the case most seriously, I beseech you. What is ever to correct the faults of society, if no one lifts his voice against them-if every one goes on openly doing what every one privately complains of if all shrink behind the faint-hearted apology, that it would be over-bold

offer. Mr Gibson next exercised his ingenuity by making a prospect of the same size and price for the Duke of Roxburghe, through which, in a clear day, a sparrow could be seen on the roof of Berwick steeple, at a distance of twenty-four miles.

Mr Gibson made the Irish pipes upon an improved plan, on which he played with exquisite skill and taste. His tone and execution were reckoned no way inferior to those of the most celebrated pipers. He was a self-taught musician, played upon a great variety of instruments, and never received a lesson from a master. Mr Short's reflecting telescope, in the observatory, Calton Hill, Edinburgh, had been rendered useless, owing to a spot of rust upon the larger speculum. No optician in the metropolis would undertake to remove it. A gentleman from Kelso recommended Mr Gibson, who successfully removed the rusty spot, and at the same time greatly improved the instrument, for which he received a remuneration of fifty guineas.

Mr Gibson, some years before his death, visited London, and received a very kind reception from Mr Dolland, who humorously told him that his ears had been stunned for some time past with the fame of a wild fellow about the Cheviot Hills, who excelled all the opticians in London in making achromatic prospects, and that he (Mr Dolland) was glad to see the artist.'

As a mechanic, in the execution of any piece of work, Mr Gibson was unrivalled. He melted and refined the glass for his own purposes. In reasoning upon optical and astronomical topics, few were a match for him. In his actions he was sharp, in his conceptions quick. He possessed a most retentive memory, understood every subject at first sight, and made such progress in the Latin language by his own application alone, that he could translate with ease Lewenhoeck's Arcana Naturæ, an author of whom he was extremely fond. This ingenious man died in September 1795."

LAURA BRIDGMAN-A DEAF, DUMB, AND BLIND GIRL.

that wealth and parental love can bestow, who is more contented and cheerful, or to whom existence seems a greater blessing, than it does to this bereaved creature, for whom the sun has no light, the air no sound, and the flowers no colour or smell."

INSCRIPTION FOR A CEMETERY.

BY SWYNFEN JERVIS.

The grave, whatever thy degree,
Thy final resting-place must be.
What matters it, if few or more
The years which our frail nature bore?-
If we upon the roll of fame
Left an imperishable name,
Or in some silent, safe retreat
Escaped the turmoil and the heat,
The stir, the struggle, and the strife,
That make the sum of human life?
Of all the family of man,
Since first the sons of earth began
To make this glorious world a stage
For rapine, blood, and lawless rage,
How little can be said beside,

But that they lived, and loved, and died!
Of this be certain: 'tis the doom
Of all, within the quiet tomb.
To find, life's dangerous quicksands past,
A shelter and a home at last!

CUTTINGS FROM AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS. ELOQUENCE. The following is an extract from a speech delivered by a member of the Indiana legislature, on a bill to encourage the killing of wolves, which in sublimity has seldom been surpassed :

"Mr Speaker-The wolf is the most ferocious animal that prowls in our western prairies, or runs at large in the forests of Indiana. He creeps from his lurking place at the hour of midnight, when all nature is locked in the silent embraces of Morpheus; and ere the portals of the east are unbarred, or bright Phoebus rises in all his golden majesty, whole litters of pigs are destroyed."

WILLIAM TELL OUTDONE.-We learn from a paper, published in Northern Pennsylvania, that some time IN a lately published Report of the Massachusetts since a feat was performed in Ridgebury, Bradford Institution for the Blind, there appear some interest-county, which throws that of William Tell into the ing details respecting a pupil, named Laura Bridgman, shade. A man named Lathorp Baldwin, with a rifle, who was placed in the establishment a few years since, shot an apple from the head of Thomas Fox, at eigh in the deplorable condition of being blind, deaf, and teen yards' distance. There was no cap on Fox's head, dumb. She had been in this state of deprivation ever his hair was combed down smooth, and the apple was since she was little more than a year old, and there- a small one. Both were somewhat in their cups.fore possessed no knowledge whatever except what it Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. had been possible to communicate through the senses of feeling and taste. Being introduced to the school of the institution, a methodic plan of instruction was commenced by means of the tangible alphabet for the blind, which led to the most agreeable and surprising results. The extent of her intellectual and moral advancement will be learned from the following extract from the Report :

"The intellectual improvement of this interesting being, and the progress she has made in expressing her ideas, are truly gratifying. She uses the manual alphabet of the deaf mutes with great facility and great rapidity; she has increased her vocabulary so as to comprehend the names of all common objects; she uses adjectives expressive of positive qualities, such as hard, soft, sweet, sour, &c.; verbs expressive of action, as give, take, ride, run, &c., in the present, past, and future tense; she connects adjectives with nouns to express their qualities; she introduces verbs into sentences, and connects them by conjunctions; for instance, a gentleman having given her an apple, she said, Man give Laura sweet apple.

She can count to high numbers; she can add and subtract small numbers.

But the most gratifying acquirement which she has made, and the one which has given her the most delight, is the power of writing a legible hand, and expressing her thoughts upon paper; she writes with a pencil in a grooved line, and makes her letters clear and

distinct.

She was sadly puzzled at first to know the meaning of the process to which she was subjected; but, when the idea dawned upon her mind, that by means of it she could convey intelligence to her mother, her delight was unbounded. She applied herself with great diligence, and in a few months actually wrote a legible letter to her mother, in which she conveyed information of her being well, and of her coming home in ten weeks. It was, indeed, only the skeleton of a letter, but still it expressed in legible characters a vague outline of the ideas which were passing in her mind. She was very impatient to have the man earry this letter, for she supposed that the utmost limit of the Post-Office department was to employ a man to run backward and forward between our institution and the different towns where the pupils live, to fetch and carry letters.

She has improved very much in personal appearance as well as in intellect; her countenance beams with intelligence; she is always active at study, work, or play; she never repines, and most of her time is gay and frolicsome.

She is now very expert with her needle, she knits very easily, and can make twine bags and various fancy articles very prettily. She is very docile, has a quick sense of propriety, dresses herself with great neatness, and is always correct in her deportment. In short, it would be difficult to find a child in the possession of all her senses, and the enjoyment of the advantages

ducked by a parcel of boys for whipping his wife, sued them for damages. The boys were very properly sentenced to duck him again.

VIRGINIA JUSTICE.-A fellow in Virginia, who was

UNPRODUCTIVE LAND.-A New Jersey paper states that there are lands in that state which will not support three whippoor-wills to an acre, any way you can fix it, under the best cultivation. He of the Boston Times says that these must be like some lands in New Hampshire, which the owners are obliged to fence, in order to keep their cows from going on and starving!

A DISTINCTION.-A dry-goods dealer in Bangor, had, by his conduct, obtained the name of "the little rascal.". Being asked why this appellation had been given him, he replied, "To distinguish me from the rest of my neighbours, who are all great rascals !"

YANKEE DINNERS.-Baked beans, it is said, form now the only decidedly fashionable meal for Sabbath noon in " Bosting." Whether they wash them down with any thing stronger than "lasses and water," the informant said not; but it seems to be not altogether unlikely, as a minister in " them parts" has computed that he has preached regularly every Sabbath afternoon to fifty-five bushels and three pecks of baked beans, while their owners were mostly asleep."

INDUSTRY AND PERSEVERANCE.-We have the information from undoubted authority, that an individual in Braintree has bottomed, during the past year, 950 pairs of men's thick boots, 150 pairs of boys' thick boots, and 80 pairs of brogans; read two weekly newspapers, with pamphlets, magazines, &c., besides 21,000 pages of the Library. We boldly ask, who has done better?-Quincy Patriot.

a

THE BENEFIT OF ADVERTISING.-A merchant in one

YANKEE PERSEVERANCE. The following little anecdote, which we cut from the Boston Post, would have done honour to Sam Slick, had he been the subject of it :

An itinerant map-seller went into a merchant's counting-room near our office the other day, and asked the occupant if he wished to purchase a map. "No," was the tart reply. "Will you look at one?" "No; I have more of my own than I have time to examine?" "Will you allow me to look at yours, then ?" "Yes; there they hang." "Well, while I am looking at yours, I'll just unroll mine-that, you know, won't hurt any body." So the map-vender displayed several of his best at full length upon the counter, and then quietly commenced looking at the merchant's which hung against the wall. After making a few observations about some curious water-falls, caves, &c., at places which he traced out upon the map before him, he managed to engage the merchant's attention, and at last referred to his own map, lying on the counter, for a more perfect illustration of his description, and finally so much interested the auditor that he bought three different maps, at six dollars each, of the pedlar, and very politely asked him to call again when he got out a new edition.

A TRAVELLER.-As we were about leaving the hotel at Philadelphia this morning, there seemed some delay from a passenger in the third story. Pretty soon, we heard a sharp altercation up stairs, followed by the appearance of a short fat man with a red face, who preceded a negra with an armful of boots. The short fat man hobbled to the bar; and in a sort of ominous whisper, as though he took some credit for not being in a towering passion, said,

"Landlord, where are MY BOOTS ?"

Why, really, sir, I— what number were they?" "What has that to do with it ?" said the fat man, be

ginning to get excited. "I don't know the number; I believe they were 8, with low heels and pegged."

"Ah, you mistake; what is the number of your room?" "Forty-five."

"And did you put the number on your boots, when you took them off?"

"What have I to do with marking boots? Do you think I carry a bottle of ink in my pocket to prevent my boots being stolen ?"

"But there was a piece of chalk on the stand where you took them off?"

I'll tell you what, landlord, this wont do. The simple "A piece of thunder and lightning!" said the other. question is, Where are my boots? I took them off in this house, and you are responsible for them. That's law all

over the world."

"Carriage waiting," said the driver.

"Let it wait," said the fat man. "Suppose I can go without my boots ?"

"Here be one pair that wern't marked," said the black; "are them um ?"

"Them um, you rascal, why they are an inch too short, and the heels are two inches high."

"Carriage waiting, and the boat will leave if I wait any longer," shouted the driver, while we in the carriage were all urging him to start.

The fat man gasped for breath. "Landlord, I again ask, WHERE ARE MY BOOTS?"

66

Why, really, sir, I"

"Go, or not?" said the driver.

The short man seized the unmarked boots, and strained

and pulled till he got them on, and, groaning as though his feet were in a vice,

"I'll tell you what it is, landlord, I call all these people to witness"

"Carriage starting," said the bystanders. The fat man started too, and was just getting into the coach, when the black touched his coat tail, saying, "Remember the servant, sir."

"Yes," said the other, turning round and laying his cane over the waiter's head, "take that, and that, and

try and see if you can remember me, and my boots, too."

After we reached the boat, and for a long time, the fat man seemed lost in a reverie, looking at his new boots. I once heard him mutter," After all, if I get the heels cut off, they wont be so very uncomfortable, and mine did leak a little."

what is worse than losing one's boots when the carriage is waiting, and the boat about to start?

Thus may we draw comfort from the worst of ills, for

THE HOSTILITY OF POPULAR PREJUDICE TO THE
DEVELOPEMENT OF SCIENCE.

There is no great improvement which has ever been

per annum.

MISSISSIPPI.-A very able writer in the Pincy Woods Planter, states the interest on banking capital paid by the people of Mississippi at 16,128,000 dollars His enumeration of the various classes of inhabitants is singular. He says there are in the state thirty-five thousand free white male citizens over twenty-one years of age-of this number he estimates that one thousand are engaged in mixing liquor, seven hundred and fifty in making paper money, about one thousand in the laudable occupation of pleading law, expounding the Scriptures, manufacturing pills, and teaching the young idea how to shoot-the aggregate number of idlers is estimated at three thousand six hundred and forty, leaving thirty-one thousand three hundred and sixty persons engaged in agriculture, commerce, and the mechanic arts.

of the million, have, before reaching their present perfection, had to struggle not only with the imperfect knowledge which the first discoverers had of their principle, but the active opposition and lazy ignorance of the multitude, with how much more fervour has that opposition been displayed when science has dared to meddle with the ignorance of antiquated custom! We all remember when the illumination of the streets by gas was commenced, the fears, the apprehensions that were raisedthe very watchmen, who seldom thought at all, trod the pavement with fear and terror. It was known that tubes of inflammable and poisonous air were carried under the streets; it was prognosticated that London would be lost, as the agent of fire and pestilence was brought to every man's door.-Polytechnic Journal.

ORR, Paternoster Row; and sold by all booksellers and newsmen.-Printed by Bradbury and Evans, Whitefriars.

LONDON: Published, with permission of the proprietors, by W. S.