TO HUSBANDS.

"I. Always regard your wife as your equal; treat her with kindness, respect, and attention; and never address her with the appearance of an air of authority, as if she were, as some misguided husbands appear to regard their wives, a mere housekeeper.

II. Never interfere in her domestic concerns, hiring servants, &c.

III. Always keep her properly supplied with money for furnishing your table in a style proportioned to your means, and for the purchase of dress, and whatever other articles she may require, suitable to her station in life. IV. Cheerfully and promptly comply with all her reasonable requests.

V. Never be so unjust as to lose your temper toward her, in consequence of indifferent cookery, or irregularity in the hours of meals, or any other mismanagement of her servants; knowing the difficulty of making many of them do their duty.

VI. If she have prudence and good sense, consult her very serious in all great operations involving the risk of injury, in case of failure. Many a man has been rescued from ruin by the wise counsels of his wife; and many a foolish husband has most seriously injured himself and family by the rejection of the advice of his wife, stupidly fearing, if he followed it, he would be regarded as henpecked! A husband can never consult a counsellor more deeply interested in his welfare than his wife.

The bloom of your cheek, and the glance of your eye,
Your roses and lillies may make the men sigh:
But roses, and lillies, and sighs, pass away;
And passion will die as your beauties decay.
Use the man that you wed like your fav'rite guitar;
Though there's music in both, they're both apt to jar.
How tuneful and soft from a delicate touch!
Not handled too roughly, nor play'd on too much!
The sparrow and linnet will feed from your hand;
Grow tame at your kindness, and come at command.
Exert with your husbands the same happy skill,
For hearts, like your birds, may be tamed at your will.
Be gay and good-humour'd, complying, and kind,
Turn the chief of your care from your face to your mind:
"Tis thus that a wife may her conquest improve,
And Hymen will rivet the fetters of Love.-GARRICK.

TO BOTH PARTIES.

I. Should differences arise between husband and wife, the contest ought not to be, as it unfortunately too frequently is, who shall display the most spirit, but who shall make the first advances, which ought to be met more than half way. There is scarcely a more prolific source of unhappiness in the married state, than this spirit, the legitimate offspring of odious pride and destitution of feeling.

II. Perhaps the whole art of happiness in the married state might be compressed into two maxims- Bear, and forbear; and Let the husband treat his wife, and the wife her husband, with as much respect and attention as he would a strange lady, and she a strange gentleman.' III. I trust much caution is scarcely necessary against flirtations, well calculated to excite uneasiness, doubts, and suspicions, in the heart of the husband or wife of the party who indulges in them, and to give occasion to the censorious to make sinister observations; and it is unfortunately too true, that the suspicion of misconduct reality.

THE BLOODHOUND IN FLORIDA. THE people of the United States, as some of our readers may be aware, have for some time been in a state of active warfare with the aboriginal inhabitants, or Indian tribes, of Florida, a large district of country on the Gulf of Mexico. The object of the civilised whites, as a matter of course, is the expulsion or extinction of the red men, and the seizure of their territory; and to accomplish which, they have at length fallen upon the expedient of hunting down and worrying the poor natives with dogs. The animals employed in this most atrocious office are dogs from Cuba, descendants of the bloodhounds introduced to that island by the Spaniards some centuries ago for a similar purpose, and are alluded to as follows, by an anonymous correspondent in a newspaper a few months since :

"At a period not very remote, the unfortunate negroes in the Spanish settlements were frequently torn to pieces by the Cuba bloodhounds. In fact, under the title of Chasseurs, the Spaniards maintained regular regiments of these dogs and their attendants. In pursuing or hunting the runaway negroes, the chasseur is generally accompanied by two dogs, and armed with a coteau de chasse, or straight sword; and we are informed that these bloodhounds, when well and properly trained, on coming up with the object of pursuit, will not kill him unless resistance is offered, but bark at and terrify him till he stops, when they crouch near him, and, by barking, give their keepers notice, who approach accordingly and secure their prisoner.

Dallas, in his account of the Maroon War in Jamaica, mentions an importation of these Cuba bloodhounds, in order to assist the regular troops in reducing the

VII. If distressed or embarrassed in your circumstances, communicate your situation to her with candour, that often produces fully as much scandal and evil as the refractory Maroons. It may seem strange that dogs

she may bear your difficulties in mind in her expenditures. Women sometimes, believing their husbands' circumstances better than they really are, disburse money which cannot be well afforded, and which, if they knew the real situation of their husbands' affairs, they would shrink from expending.

There are,

VIII. Never on any account chide or rebuke your wife in company, should she make any mistake in history, geography, grammar, or, indeed, on any other subject. am persuaded, many wives of such keen feelings and high spirits (and such wives deserve to be treated with the utmost delicacy), that they would rather receive a severe and bitter scolding in private, than a rebuke in company, calculated to display ignorance or folly, or to impair them in their own opinion, or in that

of others.

'Be to her faults a little blind;
Be to her virtues very kind;
Let all her ways be unconfined,
And place your padlock on her mind."
TO WIVES.

I. Always receive your husband with smiles-leaving nothing undone to render home agreeable-and gratefully reciprocating his kindness and attention.

II. Study to gratify his inclinations, in regard to food and cookery; in the management of the family; in your dress, manners, and deportment.

III. Never attempt to rule, or appear to rule, your husband. Such conduct degrades husbands-and wives always partake largely in the degradation of their husbands.

IV. In every thing reasonable comply with his wishes with cheerfulness and even, as far as possible, anticipate

them.

V. Avoid all altercations or arguments leading to ill humour-and more especially before company. Few things are more disgusting than the altercations of the married, when in the company of friends or strangers. VI. Never attempt to interfere in his business, unless he ask your advice or counsel; and never attempt to control him in the management of it.

VII. Never confide to gossips any of the failings or imperfections of your husband, nor any of those little differences that occasionally arise in the married state. If you do, you may rest assured that, however strong the injunctions of secrecy on the one hand, or the pledge on the other, they will in a day or two become the common talk of the neighbourhood.

VIII. Try to cultivate your mind, so as, should your husband be intelligent and well-informed, you may join in rational conversation with him and his friends.

IX. Think nothing a trifle that may produce even a momentary breach of harmony, or the slightest uneasy

sensation:

Think nought a trifle, though it small appear;
Small sands the mountain, moments make the year,
And trifles life. Your care to trifles give,

Else you may die ere you have learn'd to live.-YOUNG.
X. If your husband be in business, always, in your
expenditures, bear in mind the trying vicissitudes to
which trade and commerce are subject; and do not ex-
pose yourself to the reproach, should he experience one
of them, of having unnecessarily expended money of
which you and your offspring may afterwards be in want.
XI. While you carefully shun, in providing for your
family, the Scylla of meanness and parsimony, avoid
equally the Charybdis of extravagance.

IV. Avoid all reference to past differences of opinion, or subjects of altercation, that have at a former day excited uneasiness. Remember the old story of the blackbird and the thrush. I insist it was a blackbird.' But I insist it was a thrush,' &c.

were called to the assistance of well-disciplined solIt is a good rule of reason and common sense, that we diers; but, in order to elucidate the subject, it must should not only be, but appear to be, scrupulously correct in our conduct. And be it observed, that, however be observed, that the armed Maroons, under the conpure and innocent the purposes of the parties may be at duct of various cunning leaders, particularly of Cudjoe, the commencement, flirtation too often leads to disas-Smith, and Johnson, aware of their own inferiority trous results. It breaks down some of the guards that in point of that organisation which constitutes the hedge round innocence. The parties in these cases are strength and essence of a regular army, cautiously not inaptly compared to the moth fluttering around a avoided meeting their opponents on the plain; on the lighted candle, unaware of the impending danger. It contrary, they retired to the impenetrable fastnesses finally burns its wings, and is thus mutilated for life. of the woods and mountains, and by means of ambus'He that loveth the danger, shall perish therein.' Lead cades, contrived so to harass the troops, that the us not into temptation' is a wise prayer; and while we governor of Jamaica ultimately procured a company pray not to be led into temptation, we most assuredly of these dogs and their attendants from Cuba, which ought not to lead ourselves into it. I know these remarks arrived at Jamaica under the command of Don Manuel will be charged to the account of prudery; but, at the de Sejas; and a tolerable idea of these dogs may be risk of that charge, I cannot withhold them. formed from a review which took place immediately after their arrival. General Walpole, who conducted the war against the Maroons, being anxious to review these chasseurs, left head-quarters the morning after they landed, accompanied by Colonel Skinner, and arrived in a post chaise at Seven Rivers. Notice of the general's approach having been given, the chasseurs were taken to a distance from the house, in order to advance when he arrived. The Spaniards were drawn up in a line at the end of a gentle declivity, and consisted of upwards of forty men, with their dogs in front unmuzzled, and held by cotton ropes, as it was intended to ascertain what effect would be produced on the dogs if actually engaged under a fire of the Maroons. The Spaniards, upon the word being given, fired their fusees, when the dogs pressed forward with almost ungovernable fury, amidst the shouts of their keepers, whom they dragged along with irresistible impetuosity. Some of these ferocious animals, maddened by the shout of attack, and held in check by the ropes, actually seized upon the gun-stocks in the hands of the chasseurs, and tore pieces out of them.

The preceding rules, if as closely followed as human imperfection will allow, can hardly fail to secure happiness. And should only one out of every ten readers profit by them, I shall be richly paid for their concoction. I cannot conclude this brief essay better than by adding the following admirable advices of Julia de Roubigné to her daughter, shortly previous to her death:

'Sweetness of temper, affection to a husband, and attention to his interests, constitute the duties of a wife, and form the basis of matrimonial felicity. These are, indeed, the texts from which every rule for attaining this felicity is drawn. The charms of beauty, and the brilliancy of wit, though they may captivate in the mistress, will not long delight in the wife. They will shorten even their own transitory reign, if, as I have seen in many wives, they shine more for the attraction of every body else than of their husbands. Let the pleasing of that one person be a thought never absent from your conduct. If he love you as you would wish he should, he would bleed at heart should he suppose it for a moment withdrawn; if he do not, his pride will supply the place of love, and his resentment that of suffering.

Never consider a trifle what may tend to please him. The greater articles of duty he will set down as his due; but the lesser attentions he will mark as favours; and, trust me, for I have experienced it, there is no feeling more delightful to one's self, than that of turning these little things to so precious a use.

Above all, let a wife beware of communicating to others any want of duty or tenderness she may think she has perceived in her husband. This untwists at once those delicate cords which preserve the unity of the marriage engagement. Its sacredness is broken for ever, if third parties are made witnesses of its failings or umpires of its disputes.""

LEECHES.

We are at a loss to know why leeches are not made an object of cultivation and improvement in this country. There are surely many bogs, marshes, or ponds in England, Ireland, and Scotland, where they would thrive and be productive. In France, as we observe by the following newspaper paragraph, the cultivation of leeches is beginning to attract attention:-" M. Huzard has preXII. If you be disposed to economise, I beseech you sented to the Société d'Encouragement a proposition for not to extend your economy to the wages you pay to granting prizes for the best methods of preserving and seamstresses or washerwomen, who, particularly the lat-increasing the number of leeches in France. He states ter, are too frequently ground to the earth by the in- that about twenty-three millions of these useful creatures are annually consumed in France, but their price is adequacy of the wages they receive. Economise, will, in shawls, bonnets, and handkerchiefs; but never, raised to an enormous rate on account of the difficulty The objects of the proposed by exacting labour from the poor without adequate of keeping them alive. compensation, incur the dire anathemas pronounced in prizes are-The stocking of such pieces of water and streams as are fit for the propagation of leeches, but at the Scriptures against the oppressors of the poor. present have none in them; for the best means of making Ye fair married dames, who so often deplore them disgorge after an operation, without injuring them That a lover once blest is a lover no more, or diminishing their powers; and introducing a new and Attend to my counsel-nor blush to be taught, effective species hitherto unknown in France." That prudence must cherish what beauty has caught.

you

The unfortunate Maroons, who had successfully opposed all the efforts of regular troops, were panicstruck on the arrival of the bloodhounds, and surrendered without once daring to come in contact with animals which at best could oppose but a feeble resistance to fire-arms."

Such, then, is the kind of ferocious animals employed by the Americans to destroy the red men of Florida, and, as it appears, with all the advantages which they anticipate. In one account which we have seen of the war, the following notice oceurs :-"The Cuba dogs have proved quite beneficial. They caught five Indians the other day in Middle Florida, handsomely they say." Could any thing be more offensive, or more worthy of exciting the deepest reprobation?

GEOGRAPHICAL PRIMER.

The want of a simple and general treatise on Geography, at such a price as would bring it within the reach of children be longing to the humbler orders of society, having been repeatedly brought under the attention of Messrs Chambers, they now beg to intimate that they have prepared and issued a work of this nature, with the title of "A GEOGRAPHICAL PRIMER," being obtained from any bookseller. In making this announcement, part of their "EDUCATIONAL COURSE," and which may be it is necessary to explain, that the Geographical Primer will not obviate the necessity for more extended treatises, and these will shortly appear in the same series of publications. The Primer is designed for the use of those, who, from circumstances, may be able to devote only a small portion of time to the study of Geography-children, for example, who have to commence labour early, and are prevented from studying more extensive works on the subject. By the aid of the small maps which the Primer contains, children may with much ease be taught the elements of geographical knowledge, and the price of the work (8d.) will, it is hoped, place it within the reach of all.

LONDON: Published, with permission of the proprietors, by W.S. ORR, Paternoster Row; and sold by all booksellers and newsmen.-Printed by Bradbury and Evans, Whitefriarr

CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM AND ROBERI CHAMBERS, EDITORS OF "CHAMBER
"CHAMBERS'S EDUCATIONAL COURSE, &

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NUMBER 449.

A FEW WEEKS FROM HOME.
A VISIT TO PARKHURST.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1840.

In my second last paper, I referred to the little pains *aken in this country to prevent juvenile delinquency. In this respect, we are behind every respectable nation in Europe. The streets of no city in Holland, Belgium, Germany, or France, that I have seen, exhibit such a crew of dirty and miserable-looking little wretches as are to be seen daily in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Glasgow, and other large seats of population, and whose almost homeless and lawless condition is a

positive scandal to the community. Falling, as a matter of course, into the commission of petty delinquencies, they again and again figure before magistrates in the

police-courts, and, improving as they proceed, by a vicious system of imprisonment, they in due time "work their way," as it is called, to the bar of the Old Bailey, the Court of Justiciary, or some other of the higher tribunals. The strange thing about all this is, that it is perfectly well known and understood, and yet that no means whatsoever, excepting such as flow from the efforts of private benevolence, have ever been attempted for its melioration. Having at length, by the indifference of the law, reached a court which is empowered to hang or banish, as may seem most suitable, the little ragged good-for-nothing varlet-who is perhaps so low in stature as to require to be mounted on a chair, in order that the jury may obtain a proper view of his shrewd and ill-washed countenance-is ordered to be hanged or banished accordingly; and thus society, with great thankfulness and complacency, has got rid of a being who has been tormenting it for the last half dozen years, and cost the country an immense deal of money one way and another.

For a number of years back, it has not been customary to hang boys. The practice terminated with the reign of George III. Since that period, they have more usually been sent to the prison at Millbank, to the Hulks in the Thames, where they have been compelled to work in a condition worse than that of brutes, or transported to New South Wales, where they were assigned as slaves. In only a few instances, and these of a peculiarly favourable nature, have the convicts been reclaimed, instructed, or improved; the greater proportion having been turned loose on society, at home or abroad, much more deeply sunk in moral depravity than at the commencement of their course of servitude. Latterly, an immense improvement has been effected in the disposal of young male convicts. Instead of being permanently lodged in any penal establishments of the old stamp, they are, according to the judgment of the Secretary of State, sent to a prison or penitentiary in the Isle of Wight, which, as already stated, I visited during my stay in that island, and now propose describing to the reader.

career, can you

on schools and p

two storeys in height, with the house and offices of the
governor in the centre; behind, or farther up the
very gentle slope, is a tract of enclosed land, disposed read, occupation's
as fields for manual culture. The whole arrangements finement. From tase othe
without and within doors appear to be on a munificent these criminal extra, et t
and well-considered plan in reference to the required remarkable parts s
object; every thing being designed and conducted on
were in the prison at one tea
a scale of military exactness, cleanliness, and discipline. respect to the assigned ca
The officials employed have for the greater part been present a few specimena: 15
in the army, and are dressed in a half military cos- bad company-Bad mataya
tume.
acquaintances Want of early ord
Captain Woollcombe, a gentleman who had for some by prison contamination-ad co
years retired from active service and engaged himself beer shops-Bad companions; bo
in benevolent plans of juvenile instruction on a private glected by father-Parents both dr
estate, having been induced to accept the command used by them-Sent out to beg aid shea by
of the institution, is installed as governor and director; forced into crime-Parents vagrants; great sport
and to this excellent specimen of the frank and intel- bred in idleness-Utterly neglected-tolera
ligent Englishman 1 was speedily introduced, and pay for admission to theatres Parents respect)
conducted with much kindness over the whole esta- bad companions older than himself." In the grues
blishment; receiving, at the same time, an account number of cases, want of parental attention, igu
of the purposes of the prison, and the mode of carry-rance, and bad company, are given as the casts of
ing them into effect.
early error; and on turning to the table of convie
tions, we find that most of the children had been
several times in custody and imprisoned; 1 had been
thirteen times convicted and imprisoned, 1 ten times,
1 six times, 6 five times, 15 four times, 26 three times,
46 twice, and 56 once; 1 unknown. It would there-
fore appear that the ordinary mode of convicting and
punishing boys by short imprisonments, is of little or
no value in reclaiming, but that in many instances
it hardens the young offender in his vicious course

The establishment, which externally resembles a large suite of barracks for soldiers, enclosed with a lofty wall, is situated on the face of a rising piece of ground about a mile and a half north from Newport, on the road to Cowes, and is therefore favourably placed as respects both salubrity and convenience. There is also an advantage in its being placed on an island, as the chance of escape and connivance is by that means very materially lessened. For reasons which require no explanation, there is no indiscriminate admittance of strangers to see the interior, and it was only by an order from the Home-Office communicated to the governor, that I was enabled to make the visit which I desired. On entering by the gateway in the outer wall, we find ourselves in a spacious open quadrangle, surrounded by suites of brick edifices

The institution, as I learned, was first opened for the reception of inmates in December 1838, and in the course of twelve months the number sent to it was 157. At the time of my visit, there were 180, and the accommodation will eventually admit 320. All the prisoners are boys from nine to sixteen years of age, the greater proportion, apparently, being from about eleven to thirteen, or of that age and appearance usually seen at day schools. Each boy, on entering, is dressed in a coarse grey suit, with his number, and the letters P. P. strongly marked on the breast. The objects sought to be attained by the course of treatment are twofold-the penal correction of the boy, with a view to deter, not himself only, but juvenile offenders generally, from the commission of crime; and the moral reformation of the culprit. To carry the first of these objects into effect, the utmost care is taken to avoid any species of discipline which is inconsistent with the habits and character of youth, or calculated in any degree to harden and degrade. Captain Woollcombe assured me that he should have had nothing to do with the institution, if the old "cast-iron" system of punishment had formed a part of the contemplated design. We must reclaim and instruct, said he, and that by gentle treatment, yet in a manner so little attractive, that none will be tempted to commit crime for the sake of being sent hither. It is gratifying to find the governor of a great penal establishment breathing such a spirit of philanthropy as this, and the announcement contrasts strangely with what we have previously known of the old and vengeful modes of punishment. It is not less gratifying to find that Captain Woollcombe's exertions in the prosecution of this arduous and important work, have been ably supported by the Rev. Thomas England, who acts as chaplain. In the brief conversation which I was so fortunate as to have with this gentleman, I found him to be inspired with liberal and just sentiments regarding elementary education; and to his honourable and zealous labours, as respects the moral and religious training of the prisoners, much of the welfare of the establishment may doubtless be ascribed.

Respecting every boy admitted into the prison, an account has been taken of the causes of his criminal

* In an article entitled "A Visit to Newgate," in the 397th
number of the Journal, it is stated as the belief of an individual,

that the opening of the Parkhurst penitentiary had caused an
increase of juvenile crime in the metropolis. This notion, having
been scrupulously investigated, is proved to be without founda-
tion.

of life.

Nearly one-half the number of boys were from London, and the remainder from the rest of England, with the exception of 11 from Scotland, 1 from the Isle of Man, and 2 from Quebec. Theft by housebreaking, and larceny, were generally the crimes for which they had been ultimately sentenced: 3 were under sentence of fifteen years' transportation, 1 for fourteen years, 14 for ten years, 115 for seven years, and 1 for five years; 1 for three years' imprisonment, 13 for two years, 1 for eighteen months, 2 for twelve months, and 2 for six months. It is not proposed, I believe, to retain any of the prisoners beyond two or three years at Parkhurst, in which period, it is presumed, they will have been reclaimed from their evil propensities.

The next circumstance which seems worthy of notice is, that notwithstanding the neglect of parents, the great bulk of the prisoners attended schools for several years previous to their last conviction and confinement. In a list of 157 inmates, 64 had attended the national schools in connexion with the Church of England; and of these, 10 had been at school under 1 year, 34 from 1 to 5 years, 6 from 5 to 8 years, and 4 from 8 to 12 years. Thirty-five out of the 157 had attended free schools of a different kind, and of these, 12 had been at school under 1 year, 22 from 1 to 5 years, and 1 from 5 to 8 years. Of the remainder of the 157, 4 had been at an infant school, 1 at a factory school, 1 at a workhouse school, 9 at a Sunday school, and 32 at private schools, for several years. Ten had been at no school whatever. It might be inferred from this enumeration, that education was no preventive of crime, but such an inference would be equally rash and erroneous. Some of the boys who had been at the national schools for years, and had learned to read the New Testament and repeat the catechism, were found, on examination, not to know the meaning of a single thing they had been taught; some could not even read any other book: they could read their own Testament, but reading any thing else was beyond their powers. From this and other cir

Column for Married People.

WE find the following benevolent and pithy advices in reference to the mutual conduct of persons in married life, in a work little known in this country, called "The Philosophy of Common Sense, by Mr Carey" (Philadelphia, 1838), and take the liberty of giving them circulation in our paper.

TO HUSBANDS.

"I. Always regard your wife as your equal; treat her with kindness, respect, and attention; and never address her with the appearance of an air of authority, as if she were, as some misguided husbands appear to regard their wives, a mere housekeeper.

II. Never interfere in her domestic concerns, hiring servants, &c.

III. Always keep her properly supplied with money for furnishing your table in a style proportioned to your means, and for the purchase of dress, and whatever other articles she may require, suitable to her station in life. IV. Cheerfully and promptly comply with all her reasonable requests.

V. Never be so unjust as to lose your temper toward her, in consequence of indifferent cookery, or irregularity in the hours of meals, or any other mismanagement of her servants; knowing the difficulty of making many of them do their duty.

VI. If she have prudence and good sense, consult her in all great operations involving the risk of very serious injury, in case of failure. Many a man has been rescued from ruin by the wise counsels of his wife; and many a foolish husband has most seriously injured himself and family by the rejection of the advice of his wife, stupidly fearing, if he followed it, he would be regarded as henpecked! A husband can never consult a counsellor more deeply interested in his welfare than his wife.

VII. If distressed or embarrassed in your circumstances, communicate your situation to her with candour, that she may bear your difficulties in mind in her expenditures. Women sometimes, believing their husbands' circumstances better than they really are, disburse money which cannot be well afforded, and which, if they knew the real situation of their husbands' affairs, they would shrink from expending.

There are,

VIII. Never on any account chide or rebuke your wife in company, should she make any mistake in history, geography, grammar, or, indeed, on any other subject. am persuaded, many wives of such keen feelings and high spirits (and such wives deserve to be treated with the utmost delicacy), that they would rather receive a severe and bitter scolding in private, than a rebuke in company, calculated to display ignorance or folly, or to impair them in their own opinion, or in that

of others.

'Be to her faults a little blind;
Be to her virtues very kind;
Let all her ways be unconfined,
And place your padlock on her mind."
TO WIVES.

I. Always receive your husband with smiles-leaving nothing undone to render home agreeable-and gratefully reciprocating his kindness and attention.

II. Study to gratify his inclinations, in regard to food and cookery; in the management of the family; in your dress, manners, and deportment.

III. Never attempt to rule, or appear to rule, your husband. Such conduct degrades husbands-and wives always partake largely in the degradation of their husbands.

IV. In every thing reasonable comply with his wishes with cheerfulness-and even, as far as possible, anticipate

them.

V. Avoid all altercations or arguments leading to ill humour and more especially before company. Few things are more disgusting than the altercations of the married, when in the company of friends or strangers. VI. Never attempt to interfere in his business, unless he ask your advice or counsel; and never attempt to control him in the management of it.

VII. Never confide to gossips any of the failings or imperfections of your husband, nor any of those little differences that occasionally arise in the married state. If you do, you may rest assured that, however strong the injunctions of secrecy on the one hand, or the pledge on the other, they will in a day or two become the common talk of the neighbourhood.

VIII. Try to cultivate your mind, so as, should your husband be intelligent and well-informed, you may join in rational conversation with him and his friends. IX. Think nothing a trifle that may produce even a momentary breach of harmony, or the slightest uneasy

sensation:

Think nought a trifle, though it small appear;
Small sands the mountain, moments make the year,
And trifles life. Your care to trifles give,

Else you may die ere you have learn'd to live.-YOUNG.
X. If your husband be in business, always, in your
expenditures, bear in mind the trying vicissitudes to
which trade and commerce are subject; and do not ex-
pose yourself to the reproach, should he experience one
of them, of having unnecessarily expended money of
which you and your offspring may afterwards be in want.
XI. While you carefully shun, in providing for your
family, the Scylla of meanness and parsimony, avoid
equally the Charybdis of extravagance.

XII. If you be disposed to economise, I beseech you not to extend your economy to the wages you pay to seamstresses or washerwomen, who, particularly the latter, are too frequently ground to the earth by the inadequacy of the wages they receive. Economise, if you will, in shawls, bonnets, and handkerchiefs; but never, by exacting labour from the poor without adequate compensation, incur the dire anathemas pronounced in the Scriptures against the oppressors of the poor.

Ye fair married dames, who so often deplore
That a lover once blest is a lover no more,
Attend to my counsel-nor blush to be taught,
That prudence must cherish what beauty has caught.

The bloom of your cheek, and the glance of your eye,
Your roses and lillies may make the men sigh:
But roses, and lillies, and sighs, pass away;
And passion will die as your beauties decay.
Use the man that you wed like your fav'rite guitar;
Though there's music in both, they're both apt to jar.
How tuneful and soft from a delicate touch!
Not handled too roughly, nor play'd on too much!
The sparrow and linnet will feed from your hand;
Grow tame at your kindness, and come at command.
Exert with your husbands the same happy skill,
For hearts, like your birds, may be tamed at your will.
Be gay and good-humour'd, complying, and kind,
Turn the chief of your care from your face to your mind:
"Tis thus that a wife may her conquest improve,
And Hymen will rivet the fetters of Love.-GARRICK.

TO BOTH PARTIES.

the contest ought not to be, as it unfortunately too fre-
I. Should differences arise between husband and wife,
quently is, who shall display the most spirit, but who
shall make the first advances, which ought to be met
more than half way. There is scarcely a more prolific
source of unhappiness in the married state, than this
spirit, the legitimate offspring of odious pride and des-
titution of feeling.

II. Perhaps the whole art of happiness in the married
forbear; and Let the husband treat his wife, and the
state might be compressed into two maxims- Bear, and
wife her husband, with as much respect and attention as
he would a strange lady, and she a strange gentleman.'
III. I trust much caution is scarcely necessary against
flirtations, well calculated to excite uneasiness, doubts,
and suspicions, in the heart of the husband or wife of the
party who indulges in them, and to give occasion to the
censorious to make sinister observations; and it is un-
fortunately too true, that the suspicion of misconduct
often produces fully as much scandal and evil as the
reality.

THE BLOODHOUND IN FLORIDA. THE people of the United States, as some of our readers may be aware, have for some time been in a state of active warfare with the aboriginal inhabitants, or Indian tribes, of Florida, a large district of country on the Gulf of Mexico. The object of the civilised whites, as a matter of course, is the expulsion or extinction of the red men, and the seizure of their territory; and to accomplish which, they have at length fallen upon the expedient of hunting down and worrying the poor natives with dogs. The animals employed in this most atrocious office are dogs from Cuba, descendants of the bloodhounds introduced to that island by the Spaniards some centuries ago for a similar purpose, and are alluded to as follows, by an anonymous correspondent in a newspaper a few months since :

"At a period not very remote, the unfortunate negroes in the Spanish settlements were frequently torn to pieces by the Cuba bloodhounds. In fact, under the title of Chasseurs, the Spaniards maintained regular regiments of these dogs and their attendants. In pursuing or hunting the runaway negroes, the chasseur is generally accompanied by two dogs, and armed with a coteau de chasse, or straight sword; and and properly trained, on coming up with the object of we are informed that these bloodhounds, when well pursuit, will not kill him unless resistance is offered, but bark at and terrify him till he stops, when they crouch near him, and, by barking, give their keepers notice, who approach accordingly and secure their prisoner.

Dallas, in his account of the Maroon War in Jamaica, mentions an importation of these Cuba bloodhounds, in order to assist the regular troops in reducing the refractory Maroons. It may seem strange that dogs It is a good rule of reason and common sense, that we were called to the assistance of well-disciplined soldiers; but, in order to elucidate the subject, it must should not only be, but appear to be, scrupulously correct in our conduct. And be it observed, that, however be observed, that the armed Maroons, under the conpure and innocent the purposes of the parties may be at duct of various cunning leaders, particularly of Cudjoe, the commencement, flirtation too often leads to disas-Smith, and Johnson, aware of their own inferiority trous results. It breaks down some of the guards that in point of that organisation which constitutes the hedge round innocence. The parties in these cases are strength and essence of a regular army, cautiously not inaptly compared to the moth fluttering around a avoided meeting their opponents on the plain; on the lighted candle, unaware of the impending danger. It contrary, they retired to the impenetrable fastnesses finally burns its wings, and is thus mutilated for life. of the woods and mountains, and by means of ambus'He that loveth the danger, shall perish therein." Lead cades, contrived so to harass the troops, that the us not into temptation' is a wise prayer; and while we governor of Jamaica ultimately procured a company pray not to be led into temptation, we most assuredly of these dogs and their attendants from Cuba, which ought not to lead ourselves into it. I know these remarks arrived at Jamaica under the command of Don Manuel will be charged to the account of prudery; but, at the risk of that charge, I cannot withhold them. de Sejas; and a tolerable idea of these dogs may be after their arrival. General Walpole, who conducted formed from a review which took place immediately the war against the Maroons, being anxious to review these chasseurs, left head-quarters the morning after they landed, accompanied by Colonel Skinner, and arrived in a post chaise at Seven Rivers. Notice of the general's approach having been given, the chasseurs were taken to a distance from the house, in order to advance when he arrived. The Spaniards were drawn up in a line at the end of a gentle declivity, and consisted of upwards of forty men, with their dogs in front unmuzzled, and held by cotton ropes, as it was intended to ascertain what effect would be produced on the dogs if actually engaged under a fire of the Maroons. The Spaniards, upon the word being given, fired their fusees, when the dogs pressed forward with almost ungovernable fury, amidst the shouts of their keepers, whom they dragged along with irresistible impetuosity. Some of these ferocious animals, maddened by the shout of attack, and held in check by the ropes, actually seized upon the gun-stocks in the hands of the chasseurs, and tore pieces out of them.

IV. Avoid all reference to past differences of opinion, or subjects of altercation, that have at a former day exeited uneasiness. Remember the old story of the blackbird and the thrush. I insist it was a blackbird. But I insist it was a thrush,' &c.

The preceding rules, if as closely followed as human imperfection will allow, can hardly fail to secure happiness. And should only one out of every ten readers profit by them, I shall be richly paid for their concoction. I cannot conclude this brief essay better than by adding the following admirable advices of Julia de Roubigné to her daughter, shortly previous to her death:

'Sweetness of temper, affection to a husband, and attention to his interests, constitute the duties of a wife, and form the basis of matrimonial felicity. These are, indeed, the texts from which every rule for attaining this felicity is drawn. The charms of beauty, and the brilliancy of wit, though they may captivate in the mistress, will not long delight in the wife. They will shorten even their own transitory reign, if, as I have seen in many wives, they shine more for the attraction of every body else than of their husbands. Let the pleasing of that one person be a thought never absent from your conduct. If he love you as you would wish he should, he would bleed at heart should he suppose it for a moment withdrawn; if he do not, his pride will supply the place of love, and his resentment that of suffering.

Never consider a trifle what may tend to please him. The greater articles of duty he will set down as his due; but the lesser attentions he will mark as favours; and, trust me, for I have experienced it, there is no feeling more delightful to one's self, than that of turning these little things to so precious a use.

Above all, let a wife beware of communicating to others any want of duty or tenderness she may think she has perceived in her husband. This untwists at once those delicate cords which preserve the unity of the marriage engagement. Its sacredness is broken for ever, if third parties are made witnesses of its failings or umpires of its disputes.""

LEECHES.

We are at a loss to know why leeches are not made an object of cultivation and improvement in this country. There are surely many bogs, marshes, or ponds in England, Ireland, and Scotland, where they would thrive and be productive. In France, as we observe by the following newspaper paragraph, the cultivation of leeches is beginning to attract attention:-" M. Huzard has presented to the Société d'Encouragement a proposition for granting prizes for the best methods of preserving and increasing the number of leeches in France. He states that about twenty-three millions of these useful creatures are annually consumed in France, but their price is raised to an enormous rate on account of the difficulty of keeping them alive. The objects of the proposed prizes are-The stocking of such pieces of water and streams as are fit for the propagation of leeches, but at present have none in them; for the best means of making them disgorge after an operation, without injuring them or diminishing their powers; and introducing a new and effective species hitherto unknown in France."

The unfortunate Maroons, who had successfully opposed all the efforts of regular troops, were panicstruck on the arrival of the bloodhounds, and surrendered without once daring to come in contact with animals which at best could oppose but a feeble resistance to fire-arms."

Such, then, is the kind of ferocious animals employed by the Americans to destroy the red men of Florida, and, as it appears, with all the advantages which they anticipate. In one account which we have seen of the war, the following notice oceurs :-"The Cuba dogs have proved quite beneficial. They caught five Indians the other day in Middle Florida, handsomely they say." Could any thing be more offensive, or more worthy of exciting the deepest reprobation?

GEOGRAPHICAL PRIMER.

The want of a simple and general treatise on Geography, st such a price as would bring it within the reach of children belonging to the humbler orders of society, having been repeatedly brought under the attention of Messrs Chambers, they now beg to intimate that they have prepared and issued a work of this nature, with the title of "A GEOGRAPHICAL PRIMER," being part of their "EDUCATIONAL COURSE," and which may be obtained from any bookseller. In making this announcement, it is necessary to explain, that the Geographical Primer will not obviate the necessity for more extended treatises, and these will shortly appear in the same series of publications. The Primer is designed for the use of those, who, from circumstances, may be able to devote only a small portion of time to the study of Geography-children, for example, who have to commence labour early, and are prevented from studying more extensive works on the subject. By the aid of the small maps which the Primer contains, children may with much ease be taught the elements of geographical knowledge, and the price of the work (8d.) will, it is hoped, place it within the reach of all.

LONDON: Published, with permission of the proprietors, by W.S. ORR, Paternoster Row; and sold by all booksellers and newsmen-Printed by Bradbury and Evans, Whitefriar

DINBURGA

CONDUCTED BY WILLIAM AND ROBERI CHAMBERS, EDITORS OF "CHAMBERS'S INFORMATION FOR THE PEOPLE," "CHAMBERS'S EDUCATIONAL COURSE," &c.