Stick to the point of giving your sons a really useful education. Let them by all means be instructed in English literature, science, and mathematics, which may be done at little expense. We live in a new world, in which these branches will work wonders in getting young men forward.

LOUIS-PHILIP-HIS LIFE AND

ADVENTURES.

THE present King of the French is a most remarkable man, not more in the vigour which he shows as the occupant of a difficult political situation, than in the extraordinary adventures through which he passed in early life. While evidently possessing high natural endowments, it seems not less clear that he has been indebted for much of his success as a ruler to the great knowledge of the world which he acquired in the school of adversity, and to the chastening effect which poverty is calculated to have upon the character of the high-born. Louis-Philip has not become acquainted with men through the glozing medium of courtiers' tongues, but by personally studying them in all classes as an equal. The very experience he has had of a lowly and straitened condition, makes him perhaps more at his ease in a high one. Lately conversing with an eminent English political personage at an almost téte-à-téte dinner, he said, "Do you know why I am perhaps the most suitable man to be a king of all who now reign in Europe?" His guest knew not what to reply to a speech so full, apparently, of vainglory; but his majesty instantly added, "Kings, you know, have not the easy situations they once had: now, no one can be so prepared for any fortune as I, for I am the only man amongst them that has brushed his own boots, and could do it again, if necessary." This anecdote we have heard through such a channel as assures us of its truth; and it is highly characteristic

of the man.

Louis-Philip, born in 1773, and now consequently sixty-seven years of age, was the son of the Duc d'Orleans, who played a well-known part in the French Revolution, and was one of the many victims of the Jacobin party in their period of triumph. The Orleans branch of the Bourbon family originated in Philip, a younger son of Louis XIII., created Duc d'Orleans by his brother Louis XIV., and from whom the French King is sixth in descent. It is a curious fact, little known, that, through his ancestress, the second wife of Philip Duc d'Orleans, who was a granddaughter of the Princess Elizabeth of England, LouisPhilip, the illegitimate monarch of France, has a preferable hereditary title to the British throne to that enjoyed by our present gracious sovereign, whom God long preserve, the one being descended from Elizabeth's eldest son, and the other from her youngest daughter Such of our countrymen as may be disposed to sneer at popularly appointed sovereigns, and at Louis-Philip in particular, would do well to ponder on this fact, the truth of which will be made clearly patent to them by an inspection of Anderson's Royal Genealogies. Having premised so much, we proceed to condense an interesting and apparently faithful biography of Louis-Philip, given in a recent American work.+

Louis, at the age of five years, was placed under the care of the Chevalier de Bonnard; but, in 1782, the direction of his education was intrusted to the Countess de Genlis, a lady who, notwithstanding her subsequent errors, was eminently qualified to be an instructor of youth. Louis, under the title of Duke of Chartres, entered active life as a soldier, and in 1791 he commanded a regiment of dragoons which bore his name. In this, as well as in all future conditions of life, he distinguished himself by great humanity, coolness of judgment, and inflexible integrity. While with his regiment at Vendôme, he succeeded in saving, by his courage and presence of mind, a nonjuring clergyman on the point of being massacred by the populace, which accused him of having treated with contempt a procession headed by a constitutional priest. He shortly after gave a new proof of his humanity by saving a custom-house officer from drowning. On account of these honourable actions, the city of Vendôme decreed him a civic crown. In 1792, when France declared war against Austria, the Duke of Chartres made his first campaign. At the head of troops confided to him by Kellermann, he fought at Valmy; and afterwards, under Dumouriez, distinguished himself at the battle of Jemappes.

This may be said to close the first and happy period of the king's life. The democratic or levelling principle of the Revolution having triumphed, a decree of banishment was passed against all the members of the Bourbon family who remained in France. This decree was afterwards cancelled; but the duke, who had manifested, with more frankness than prudence, his horror at the revolutionary excesses, was exposed to an arrest against himself. He then resolved to quit the army and the country, and, with Madame de Genlis and his sister, took refuge in Switzerland, with but a small supply of money, and every where in danger of being captured. By the kindness of an old friend, General Montesquiou, also a refugee, he suc

*The first wife of Philip was a daughter of Charles I., and through one of his children by that princess the Sardinian family

derived their claims to the British throne.

+France; its King, Court, and Government. New York:

Wiley and Putnam. 1840.

ceeded in getting admission for his early instructress and sister into a convent in Bremgarten. For himself, he was told there was nothing for him but to wander in the mountains, taking care to stay but a short time in any one place, until circumstances should become more favourable. The Duke of Chartres, satisfied with having placed his sister in security, followed this judicious advice. Alone and on foot, almost without money, he began his travels in the interior of Switzerland and the Alps. Every where he was seen contending with courage against fatigue and poverty. But his resources were entirely exhausted; and being recalled to Bremgarten by a letter from M. Montesquiou, he obtained, through the interference of that gentleman, the situation of professor at the college of Reichenau. He was examined by the officers of the institution under a feigned name, and though only about twenty years of age, was unanimously admitted. Here he taught geography, history, the French and English languages, and mathematics, for eight months, without being discovered. The simplicity of his manners prevented any suspicion being entertained of his elevated rank, and he was able to conciliate the esteem of the government and the gratitude of his pupils. It was at this place that he learned the tragical fate of his father. Some political movements taking place in the Grisons, Mademoiselle d'Orleans quitted the convent at Bremgarten, and joined her aunt, the Princess of Conti. M. Montesquiou thought that he might now give an asylum to the prince, of whom his enemies had for some time lost all trace. The duke consequently resigned his office of teacher at Reichenau, receiving the most honourable testimonials of his behaviour and abilities, and retired to Bremgarten. Here he remained, under the name of Corby, until the end of 1794, when he thought proper to quit Switzerland, his retreat there being no longer a secret.

The French political agents in the proper quarters were instructed to exert themselves to discover, if possible, his place of refuge. Attention was particularly directed to Prussia and Poland, in one or other of which countries he was thought to be. But these efforts were baffled, and were finally succeeded by an attempt of a different character, making such an appeal to the feelings of the son and brother, as left him no hesitation in accepting the offer of a more distant expatriation, which was made to him. A communication was opened between the Directory and the Duchess of Orleans; and she was given to understand, that if she would address herself to her eldest son, and prevail upon him to repair to the United States, her own position should be rendered more tolerable, and the sequestration removed from her property; and that her two youngest sons should be released, and permitted to join their brother in America. To this proposition the Duchess assented, and wrote a letter to her son, recommending a compliance with the terms proposed, and adding-" May the prospect of relieving the suffering of your poor mother, of rendering the situation of your brothers less painful, and of contributing to give quiet to your country, recompense your generosity!"

The government charged itself with the dispatch of this letter to the exile, and a new effort was made for his discovery. When other means had failed, their chargé-d'affaires at Hamburg applied to a Mr Westford, a merchant of that city, who, from some circumstances, was supposed to be in correspondence with the prince. This suspicion was well founded; but Mr Westford received with incredulity the declaration of the chargé-d'affaires, that his object, in opening a communication with the duke, was to convey to him a letter from his mother, on the part of the government; and disclaimed all knowledge of his actual residence. He, however, immediately comWe now find the Duke of Orleans, as he was en- municated to the duke a statement of what had titled to be called since his father's decease, once taken place, and the latter determined to risk the exmore a wanderer, seeking for a place of repose free posure, in the hope of receiving a letter directly from from the persecution of the French authorities and his mother. He was actually in the neighbourhood their emissaries. He resolved to go to America, and of Hamburg, though in the Danish states, where he Hamburg appeared to him the best place for embarka- had changed his residence from time to time, as a due tion. He arrived in that city in 1795. Here his regard to secrecy required. An interview between expectation of funds failed him, and he could not the duke and the French chargé was arranged by collect sufficient pecuniary means to reach the United Mr Westford at his own house in the evening; and States; but, being tired of a state of inactivity, and where, after the receipt of his mother's letters, Louis provided with a letter of credit for a small sum on a signified at once his acceptance of the terms proposed, Copenhagen banker, he resolved to visit the north of and his determination to embark for the United Europe. This banker succeeded in obtaining pass-States without delay. He immediately wrote a letter ports for him from the King of Denmark, not as the to his mother, commencing with the declarationDuke of Orleans, but as a Swiss traveller, by means of "When my dear mother shall receive this letter, her which he was able to proceed in safety. He travelled orders will have been executed, and I shall have through Norway and Sweden, seeing every thing sailed for the United States." with the Laplanders along the mountains, and reached worthy of curiosity in the way; journeyed on foot the North Cape in August 1795. After staying a few days in this region, at eighteen degrees from the pole, he returned through Lapland to Torneo, at the extremity of the Gulf of Bothnia. From Torneo he went to Abo, and traversed Finland; but, dreading the vengeful character of Catherine, he did not enter Russia.

It must be acknowledged that Louis was now turning the misfortunes of his family to the most profitable account. By bringing himself into contact with every variety of life, and adding the treasures of personal observation to the stores of learning with which his mind was fraught, he was preparing himself for that course of events which has given him such a powerful influence over the destinies of his own country and of Europe. The bold and rugged scenery of these arctic regions, and the simple and unpretending kindness of the inhabitants, must have produced a vivid impression upon a young man of his rank and previous pursuits, sent forth under such circumstances to commence his novitiate in the world.

After completing the examination of these ancient kingdoms, and after having been recognised at Stockholm, he proceeded to Denmark, and, under an assumed name, withdrew himself from observation. During his expedition, no improvement had taken place in his pecuniary resources or political prospects; but no reverses could shake the determination he had formed not to bear arms against France, and he declined the invitation of Louis XVIII. to join the army under the Prince of Condé.

His father had perished upon the scaffold, his mother had been imprisoned at Paris, and his two brothers, the Duke de Montpensier and the Count de Beaujolais, had been shut up in the Castle of St Jean, at Marseilles, where these young men, in the morning of life, without a fault but that of their birth, were treated with the utmost cruelty. Gradually, the severity against the Duchess of Orleans was relaxed, and she was released from prison, though still subjected to a rigorous surveillance. Her great moral worth may have had its effect in procuring this change, for all accounts represent her as adorning the high position she filled in society.

Her eldest son had taken his measures with such prudence, that the French government had lost all traces of him. But the mystery in which he had enveloped himself, probably increased their suspicion jealous of this only branch of the Bourbon family of his designs, and their desire to discover him-always which seemed to have left in France any favourable recollections of the past, or any reasonable hopes for

the future.

trader between Philadelphia and Hamburg, was then The ship "American," Captain Ewing, a regular lying in the Elbe, preparing for departure. The duke, passing for a Dane, applied to the captain, and engaged his passage for the usual amount, at that time thirtyfive guineas. He had with him a faithful servant, long attached to his person, whom he was anxious to take. But the captain, for some reason, seemed unwilling to receive him, and told his importunate passenger, that the services of this man would be useless to him upon the voyage; and that when he reached the United States, his servant would certainly desert him. He was, however, finally persuaded to yield, and the servant was received for seventeen and a half guineas.

The duke was anxious to escape observation in Hamburg, and asked permission of the captain to repair on board his ship, and remain a few days before her departure. The captain, with some reluctance, consented to this unusual proposition; though it after wards appeared that this step, and the mystery which evidently surrounded his young passenger, had produced an unfavourable impression upon his mind.

Late in the night preceding the departure of the ship from the Elbe, when the duke was in his berth, an elderly French gentleman, destined to be his only fellow cabin passenger, came on board. He understood English badly, and spoke it worse; and perceiving the accommodations far inferior to those he had anticipated, he set himself to find fault with much vehemence, but with a garrulity wonderfully checked by the difficulty he encountered in giving vent to his excited feelings in English. He called for an interpreter; and, not finding one, he gradually wore away, if not his discontent, the expression of it, and retired to rest. In the morning, seeing the duke, his first inquiry was if he spoke French; and perceiving he did, he expressed his gratification, and said, "You speak very well for a Dane, and you will be able to get along without my instruction. You are a young man and I am an old one, and you must serve as my interpreter." To this the duke assented; and the old gentleman, who was a planter from St Domingo, on his way to his native island, commenced the enumeration of his grievances. The first related to himself, and the second to the ship. He had no teeth, and the cook no soft bread, and he said it was impossible to sail in a vessel not provided with the means of baking fresh bread; that such an arrangement existed on board all the French ships; and that he could not him, "There is my beef, and there is my bread; and eat the American biscuit. The captain coolly told if you are not satisfied with my fare, you can leave the ship." The impatient planter, unwilling to relinquish the chance of revisiting his native country,

thought it better to risk his teeth rather than disembark, and continued on board. There were many steerage passengers, Germans and Alsatians, emigrating to the United States. The ship left the Elbe on the 24th of September 1796, and after a pleasant passage of twenty-seven days, arrived at Philadelphia. Shortly before entering the Capes of the Delaware, the duke, unwilling that the captain should learn his true character from public report after reaching his destination, disclosed to him who he was. The captain expressed his gratification at the communication, and frankly stated, that the circumstances under which he had come on board had produced an impression upon his mind unfavourable to his young passenger; that in striving to conjecture what could be his true position, he had come to the conclusion that he was a gambler who had committed himself in some gambling speculations, and that he was seeking secrecy and refuge in the new world. The chances of luck had indeed been against his new acquaintance, and he had lost a great prize in the lottery of life; but he had preserved those better prizes, an approving conscience, and an unblemished reputation. The other passenger, the St Domingo planter, remained in ignorance of the name of his cabin companion, till he learned it in Philadelphia, when he called to make known his surprise, and to tender his compliments.

The first quarters the duke occupied, after reaching Philadelphia, were the lower part of a house belonging to the Rev. Mr Marshal, and adjoining a church in Walnut Street, between Fourth and Fifth Streets; and here he remained anxiously awaiting the arrival of his two brothers. They had embarked at Marseilles, on board a Swedish ship, the "Jupiter," and had a tedious and unusual passage of ninety-three days. This delay led the duke to fear, either that some accident had befallen them at sea, or that the French government had failed to fulfil the promise which had been made to himself and his mother. However, their arrival put a stop to his sad forebodings; and, after their union, the three brothers removed to a house belonging to the Spanish consul, in Sixth Street. Here they passed the winter, mingling in the society of Philadelphia, and forming many acquaintances, whose names appear to be fresh in the recollection of Louis Philip-such as Mr Bingham, Mr Willing, Mr Dallas, Mr Gallatin, Mrs Powell, &c. Philadelphia was at that time the seat of the federal government, and General Washington was at the head of the administration. The three young strangers were presented to him, and were invited to visit Mount Vernon after the expiration of his term of service. The duke was present at the last address delivered by General Washington to Congress, and also at the inauguration of Mr Adams, when his venerable predecessor joyfully took his leave of public life.

During the season, the Duke of Orleans and his brothers visited Mount Vernon, passing through Baltimore, where he renewed an acquaintance previously formed in Philadelphia with General Smith; and crossing the site of the present city of Washington, where he was hospitably received by the late Mr Law, and where he met the present General Mason of Georgetown. This most respectable man is well remembered by the king, who loves to speak of the hospitality of his house, and of his personal kindness evinced, among other circumstances, by his accompanying his three young guests in a visit to the falls of the Potomac. From Georgetown the party passed through Alexandria, and thence went to Mount Vernon; where they were most kindly received, and where they resided some days.

While at Mount Vernon, General Washington prepared for the exiled princes an itinerary of a journey to the western country, and furnished them with some letters of introduction for persons upon the route. They made the necessary preparations for a long tour, which they performed on horseback, each of them carrying, in a pair of saddle-bags, after the fashion of that period, whatever he might require in clothes and other articles for his personal comfort. The travelling map of the three princes is still preserved, and furnishes convincing proof that it has passed through severe service. The various routes followed by the travellers are strongly depicted in red ink; and by their extent and direction, they show the great enterprise displayed by three young strangers, to acquire a just knowledge of the country, at a time when the difficulties of travelling over a great part of the route were enough to discourage many a hardy American.

It is an

Louis, in not long since showing this map to an American gentleman, mentioned that he possessed an accurate account, showing the expenditure of every dollar he disbursed in the United States. example of business habits worthy of all praise and imitation. This attention to the important concern of personal expenditure was one of the characteristic features of Washington; and both of these celebrated men were, no doubt, penetrated with the conviction that punctuality is essential to success.

Our adventurers took the road by Leesburg and Harper's Ferry to Winchester. Here they dismounted at a house kept by Mr Bush; and who that knew this pleasant hospitable town forty years ago, did not know Mr Bush, and his quiet, comfortable public-house? They next proceeded by Staunton and Abingdon to Knoxville and Nashville. From the latter place, they took their departure for Pittsburg, which they reached,

after passing through Louisville, Lexington, Maysville, Chilicothe, Lancaster, Zanesville, Wheeling, and Washington, in Pennsylvania. When traversing the Barrens in Kentucky, they stopped at a cabin, where was to be found "entertainment for man and horse," and where the landlord was very solicitous to ascertain the business of the travellers-not apparently out of any idle or interested curiosity, but because he seemed to feel a true solicitude for them. It was in vain, however, that the duke protested they were travelling to look at the country, and without any views of purchase or settlement. Such a motive for encountering the trouble and expense of a long journey, was without the circle of the settler's observation or experience; and he could only believe it by placing these young men quite low in his scale of human intelligence, and seemed to regard them with a feeling of pity or contempt. In the night, all the travellers were stowed away upon the floor of the cabin, with their feet towards a prodigious fire. This Green River cabin, like all its congeners, had but one room; and while the guests were stretched upon the floor, the landlord and his wife occupied their puncheon bedstead, which was pinned to the logs forming the side of the mansion. In the night, the duke overheard the good man expressing to his wife his regret that three such promising young men were running uselessly over the country, and wondering they did not purchase land there, and establish themselves creditably. Here we shall in the mean while close our narrative, and conclude it in another paper.

THE HEAD AND THE HEART.
TRANSLATED FROM THE DUTCH.

THE Head and the Heart are things which the world more frequently talks about than knows-two precious jewels, which they who possess speak but little of, just as every sensible rich man avoids speaking of his riches. If we consider the Head and the Heart attentively, we shall be led to view the former as a man, and the latter as a woman. The Head, like a man, is domineering and impatient; the Heart, like a woman, is tender and kind. When two Heads come into contact, a violent concussion generally ensues; when, however, two Hearts meet, in a minute they may be seen whispering together with female confidence.

The Head is a man, and therefore it calculates the course of exchange and the motions of the planetspeeps into committees and cabinets, unfolds financial operations, and plans battles; the Heart weaves loveknots, and lays the foundation of matrimonial alliances, for it is a woman.

Masculine indulgence sometimes grants the Head its hours of rest; the Heart, on the contrary, is continually in disquiet, for it is a woman.

The Head, like a man, seeks its happiness in possessing; the Heart, like a woman, is happy only when it can communicate what it possesses.

Man, the Head, endeavours to meditate on God, and halts in his presumptuous efforts; woman, the Heart, feels God, and this feeling gives her peace and happiness.

When a Head gets into company with Heads of inferior rank, if it be very courteous, it will, with true manly condescension, lower itself to them, and the offended Heads, therefore, secretly hate it; the female tender Heart, on the contrary, raises inferior Hearts to itself, and for this kindliness reaps gratitude and love.

The Head condemns, the Heart excuses; the Head revenges, the Heart forgives; the Head is ingenious, the Heart is feeling; the Head wounds, the Heart heals; the Head conquers, the Heart captivates; the Head is therefore a man, and the Heart a woman. We could carry this comparison still farther, and say, Head and Heart are husband and wife, for Head and Heart, as we have just seen, are always of different opinions. The Head, like my lord husband, blusters and commands; the Heart lets it speak, and takes its own way after all, like my lady wife.

My Lord Head makes his approach with a graceful bow; my Lady Heart storms us with sweet glances and tender words.

The Head, according to the custom of reckless husbands, has recourse to the Heart only when the world has soured and sickened it, and rushes again into the tumult of life, ungrateful as a husband, as soon as the Heart has tenderly smoothed the furrows which chagrin had ploughed on his brow.

When Head and Heart happen to dispute, the Heart, as the wife, has commonly the last word, and on such occasions the Head displays a gallantry which other husbands are deficient of it is silent when the Heart becomes clamorous.

but an unhappy union; but the most miserable houseIf Mr Head tyrannises over Mrs Heart, it makes hold of all is, when Mr Head is under petticoat government.

If Mr Head becomes bankrupt, ten to one but it is Mrs Heart's fault.

fashionable pair of the present day-where the one is But too often Head and Heart live together like a to be found, we may be almost certain not to find the other.

tongue when he is in the right; the Heart, as wife, The Flead, as husband, is the first to hold his cries the loudest when she is most in the wrong.

But I begin to perceive I have betrayed a number

of the secrets of my Lord Head and my Lady Heart; and who knows but I had done better to save myself the trouble, for I am convinced that, independently of this, neither are strangers either to my male or female readers.

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION AT GLASGOW. THE NEW MECHANICAL POWER FROM ELECTRO

MAGNETISM.

In the Section of Mathematical and Physical Science, on Tuesday, September 22, Professor Jacobi of St Petersburg, noted as the first experimenter on the electro-magnetic power as a mechanical force, read a paper on that subject, from which it appears that a great advance has now been made towards the economic use of electro-magnetical machines as a motive power. Mr Jacobi described a series of experiments which he had made at St Petersburg for ascertaining the best means of producing and applying this force. We cannot hope to make these intelligible to our readers; but it appeared that several laws of great importance had been ascertained by the learned professor, and that he had satisfied himself as to the best form of the rods and coils to be used in the mechanism. He then

announced the interesting fact, that a boat had last by means of electro-magnetic machines. This boat year been propelled upon the Neva at St Petersburg, was twenty-eight feet in length, by seven and a half in breadth, drawing 24 feet of water. It was furnished with a small machine, which was set in motion by a battery of sixty-four pairs of platina plates, each having thirty-six square inches of sur face, and charged with nitric and diluted sulphuric acid. The boat moved, with fourteen persons on board, at the rate of three miles an hour. This degree of success is, of course, far from being sufficient to cause electromagnetic power to supersede steam; but every thing of this nature is liable to progress. The first steamboat moved at about the same rate. Professor Jacobi's boat, when tried in 1838, with a much more complicated battery, and charged with sulphate of experiment made with the power, at Konigsberg, in copper, moved at only 14 miles an hour. At the first 1834, only a weight of twenty ounces was lifted. These facts give reason to hope that, ere long, the electro-magnetic power will be developed in sufficient force, in a sufficiently economical manner, and with a mechanism occupying such space, as will enable it to take the place of steam, by sea as well as land. Its peculiar importance in regions where coal is not to be got, is too obvious to require being insisted on.

INCREASE OF COLOUR BY INVERSION OF THE HEAD.

On the same day, in the same section, Sir David Brewster read a paper on the fact long known to artists and tourists, that the colours of external objects, and particularly of natural scenery, are greatly augmented by viewing them with the head bent is, by inversion of the head. The colours of the westdown, and looking backwards between the feet, that ern sky and purple tints of distant mountains are, according to Sir David, beautifully developed by these pear of a French grey colour, displaying a brilliant means; those which, in ordinary circumstances, apblue or purple tint when the head is inverted. This phenomenon has been ascribed to various causes. It has been thought to arise from the objects, in these circumstances, falling upon a part of the retina not accustomed to the exercise of vision; but this, Sir David thinks, cannot be the true explanation, as landscapes may be inverted by reflection without altering the colour, but when these inverted images are looked be observed. Another theory is, that when the head at with the head inverted, the increase of colour will light; but neither can this be the cause, for, in standis inverted, the legs protect the eyes from lateral ing upright, and protecting the eyes even in a greater degree from the approach of light sideways, no inSir David at last rested satisfied, was suggested to crease of colour takes place. The theory with which flamed eye, namely, a great increase of apparent light. him by what had been known to take place in an inHe believes that the phenomenon is occasioned by the increased quantity of blood thrown into the vessels of the eye when the head is inverted, the increased pressensibility thus given to the sentient membrane. sure thus produced upon the retina, and the increased

REPRODUCTION OF PARTS IN THE LOWER MARINE
ANIMALS.

of creation to supply any part of their bodies which
The power possessed by some of the lower order
may have been cut away, is one of the most curious
problems in science. It is a power totally absent in
vertebrate animals, and, indeed, we have to go low
is first found, we believe, in crustacea, or shelled
down in the scale before we find any trace of it. It
fish. It is possessed, however, to a far more wonder-
derful extent, by that humble class of marine animals,
the polypi, which can scarcely be distinguished from
plants, and whose growth seems to proceed upon prin-
these animals are of highly complicated structure,
ciples greatly resembling vegetation. Yet some of
and exercise many surprising functions.
meeting of the association, appeared a gentleman who
vestigation of their economy than any other existing
has perhaps devoted more time and pains to the in-
naturalist-Sir John Graham Dalyell of Edinburgh.
He gave, in the Section of Zoology, a remarkable

At this

young noble still could beset her when she went abroad, seat himself near her at church, and get insinuated into any little social party where she was expected. Mr Colville at length saw it to be necessary to take very decided measures, and he resolved to place the young lady for some time in a new and distant home. A relation of his had been long settled as a merchant in Holland. In the hands of that gentleman he thought she would be quite safe from Lord Ossulton's addresses. He had also very opportunely a friend who conducted a vessel of his own regularly between South Shields and the ports of Holland and the north of France. By means of this friend it was comparatively an easy matter to get the young lady conveyed to her new home. It may here be remarked, that the ship-owners, who in those days navigated their own vessels from South Shields, were a highly respectable class of men, generally possessing good education and manners, and living, when at home, in a style of considerable dignity. Amongst the descendants of more than one of them, might be found members of both houses of parliament. They took the name of Captain, and had, we believe, some solid grounds for doing so, as trading beyond certain latitudes and longitudes specified by Queen Elizabeth, gave masters of merchant vessels a modified permission to assume that title. Captain Aubane readily entered into the views of his friend Colville, and undertook to convey the young lady in safety to her relative in Rotterdam. She was, accordingly, conducted in the most private manner to South Shields, and put on board his vessel. How she felt on the occasion, has not been remembered by tradition; but if, as is likely, she regarded her lover with affection, and deemed the voyage a compulsory exile, the authority of parents was in those days too awful and inflexible to admit of her making any thing like effectual remonstrance.

The voyage passed in safety; Camilla was consigned to her father's Dutch friend; and Captain Aubane returned with the pleasing intelligence that all was safe. If Mr Colville, however, believed that Lord Ossulton had been "thrown out," he was mistaken; for, before many weeks had elapsed, his lordship made his appearance in Rotterdam, and became as troublesome to the family who had charge of his mistress, as he had formerly been to her father. The Linden Walks lent their shade to certain meetings of the lovers, and, when such meetings were denied, his lordship made signals of affection from the street, which Camilla could furtively read in the friendly mirror projecting from the parlour window. The Dutch friend now became more distressingly alarmed than ever the father had been, in as far as a responsibility for the interests of another is more harassing than responsibility for interests of one's own. He therefore resolved to get quit as soon as possible of his fair but perilous charge. Captain Aubane, ere long, returned to Rotterdam for another cargo, and, when he was about to sail, Camilla was once more put on board his vessel.

Behold the belle of Newcastle again at sea. But now it was with very different feelings that she crossed the German Ocean; and for this change there was no doubt good cause. The Dutch coast had for a day been lost in the blue distance; sea and sky were the boundaries of the sailors' sight; and honest Aubane was congratulating himself on the prospect of soon committing Miss Colville in safety to her father's keeping, when, descending into the cabin, how was he astonished to behold, kneeling at her feet, that very Lord Ossulton who was the cause of all his apprehensions, and whom he supposed to have been left lamenting on the quay of Rotterdam! He soon learned that the lover had contrived, by the connivance of a sailor, and, doubtless, with the concurrence of his mistress, to secrete himself on board the vessel a little while before it sailed. It was too late to think of returning to the Dutch harbour to put Lord Ossulton ashore; but, in allowing him to proceed on the voyage, Aubane resolved to make him as little the better of his contrivance as possible. Exerting the authority which his position gave him, he commanded the young lord to withdraw from the cabin, and not to appear there again, unless in his company, and by his express permission. He also stipulated that, while he was himself on deck upon duty, Lord Ossulton, to make sure of obedience to the rules, should remain beside him, at whatever time of day or night, and under whatever circumstances of weather. The lover found himself compelled to submit to all these restrictions; but the privilege of seeing his mistress once a-day, even in the presence of a third party, served in no small degree to reconcile him to their strictness.

In the course of the voyage, which was not a short one, the heir of Tankerville made a more favourable impression on the mind of Aubane than he had done on the less enlightened and more jealous nature of the young lady's father. Aubane became convinced that, however frivolous or otherwise objectionable might have been the feelings with which he at first regarded Camilla, he was now inspired by an honourable affection. He was also induced to believe the young man when he protested, in the most earnest manner, that the future happiness of his life depended on his obtaining the hand of Miss Colville. The South Shields ship-owner did not, indeed, like the idea of encouraging a young nobleman in an object which must be regarded with dislike by his father and other relations; but on this point also his scruples were at

length overcome, doubtless by persuasives strictly of bringing his horse with him. "You have provided," honourable. The consequence was, that on arriving replies Cicero," much better for your horse's safety than at South Shields, he allowed Lord Ossulton to become for your own." After the defeat (thus foreseen) of Poman inmate of his house, in company with Camilla, pey on the plains of Pharsalia, the captain Nonius said to Cicero, "Be of good heart; we have yet left seven until the consent of her father was obtained, and the eagles." "An excellent thing, if we had to fight with necessary preparations were made for their marriage. With respect to the feelings of the lover's family, jays," replied the orator. tradition is silent; we may well believe that they were not favourable, for the union of the pair is known to have taken place at Jarrow church, the ancient seat of the Venerable Bede; a place of worship which, from some local prepossession, has been for ages the resort of young couples seeking to enter the bonds of wedlock without the consent of parents.

After the ceremony, the pair took up their residence with the lady's father at Gateshead, where they resided for some years. At length the death of his father made Lord Ossulton Earl of Tankerville, the second of the title; and Camilla Colville, as Countess, became entitled to the chief seat in the splendid halls of Chillingham Castle. Our heroine was afterwards one of the ladies of the bed-chamber to Queen Caroline, the consort of George II. She played her part as a peoress with a due portion of dignity and spirit, and continued, long after being the mother of three children, to be one of the most beautiful women at the English court. She survived her husband in a long dowagerhood, and died in 1775, at the age, it has been said, of 105; but this is probably a mistake, though it is likely that her term of years much exceeded that ordinarily allotted to the children of Adam.

What projects men make-what queer turns they take,
Since steam has improved our condition;
They never are still, but must cure or must kill
With steam physic or steam ammunition.
But a short time ago, to a quack you would go,
To steam a fat man to a thinner;

Now changed from all that, if you wish to get fat,
Come to Barton's and eat a steam dinner!

Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem-
I'm sure 'twill succeed if you make it by steam.
You may sleep, you may dream, you may travel by steam,
For the outcry is still to go faster;

And what does it reck, should you e'en break your neck,
If 'tis steam that brings on the disaster?

*

Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem-
I'm sure 'twill succeed if you work it by steam.
East Boston one day, we have heard people say,
Was nought but a desolate island;
But making by steam, they fill'd up the stream,
And turn'd the wet dock into dry land.
Then with a steam chain it grappled the main-
What noddle but follows my ditty ?-
No longer alone, but bone of our bone,
And flesh of the flesh' of the city.

Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem-
I'm sure 'twill succeed if you work it by steam.
How timid and slow, but a few years ago,

The world hobbled on in its motion;
Old Europe scem'd far as the fix'd northern star
O'er the boundless expanse of the ocean.
But though it was hard-at the word of Cunard,
Britannia herself is a rover;

Old England awhile, that fast anchor'd isle,'
By steaming is now half-seas over.'

Oh dear! think of a scheme, odd though it seem-
I'm sure 'twill succeed if you work it by steam.

BONS-MOTS OF OTHER DAYS.

By bon-mot is literally signified a good-word, or, as we may translate it, a happy saying, or some kind of observation which is at once witty and to the point. Some nations excel in uttering bon-mots, but none more so than the French and Irishi, both of whom possess that liveliness of fancy that carries them on to cleverness of repartee, perhaps with little regard to consequences. The English are poor at this species of jocularity, and the Scotch more so. Among the ancient Romans there were many clever utterers of bon-mots. The following are a few lected from an old book in the French language, which tolerably good ones, along with some of a later date, colhas chanced to come into our hands.

One day, the philosopher Bias found himself in the same vessel with a crowd of sorry scoundrels. A tempest came on; and instantly the whole band began to invoke the succour of the gods. "Be quiet, you wretches!" said the sage; "if the gods perceive that you are here, we are gone!"

A musician complaining that the tyrant Dionysius gave him nothing, after promising him much, for the exercise of his art-"You fool, we are quits," said the tyrant; "you tickled my ears, and I did the very same by yours."

hours, to shut himself up alone in his chamber, and there indulge in the amusement of sticking flies with a pin. A courtier inquiring one day if there was any one with the Cæsar, "No one," said Vibius-Crispus; "not even fly."

The Emperor Domitian was accustomed at his leisure

Charlemagne studied to bring around him, by liberal donations, all the most learned men of his age. He was less successful, however, than he could have wished, and complained of this, one day, to the learned Alcuin. Would to heaven," said the monarch, "that I had about me twelve such men as Jerome and Augustin!" "What, sire!" replied Alcuin, "hath the Creator of heaven and earth but two men of such merit, and you would have twelve ?"

Thomas Aquinas entered the chamber of Pope Innocent IV. whilst large sums of money were being counted there. "You see," said the pontiff to him, that the church has been blessed, and is no longer in the state in which she was when it was said, Silver and gold have I none."" "It is true, holy father," said Aquinas; "but neither can she now say to the paralytic, Take up thy bed and walk.""

Henry IV. of France one day reached Amiens after a long journey. A local orator was deputed to barangue him, and commenced with a long string of epithets. "Very great sovereign, very good, very merciful, very magnanimous"- Add, also," interrupted the king,

66

very tired!" A famous physician having quitted Calvinism for Catholicism, Henry said to his Protestant minister, Sully, " My friend, your religion is surely very ill. The doctors give it up." The same monarch was one day harangued by a speaker in a small country town, during whose discourse an ass brayed at a short distance. "One at a time, gentlemen," said the king.

One of the kings of Spain had been unsuccessful in war, and had lost several provinces; yet he received, notwithstanding, the title of the Great from his courtiers, and, the more unfortunate he grew, was the more rigid in exacting such honours. "Yes, he is Great," said wit, "just as a ditch is great. The more earth you take from it, the bigger it becomes."

The Duke of Roquelaure was any thing but beautiful. Meeting one day a very ugly country squire who had business at the court, the duke introduced him to the king, saying that he lay under the weightiest obligations to the gentleman. The king graciously accorded to the squire the desired favour, and then asked Roquelaure what was the nature of his obligations to the other. "Ah, sire, without this dog, I should be the ugliest man in your majesty's dominions," was the answer.

The judge Le Coigneux desired his macer of the court, named Maillard, to keep the auditory silent at a trial. The macer accordingly bawled out "silence" every instant, though no voice was in action but his. The old judge at last cried to him testily," Macer, make Maillard be quiet."

The celebrated Malherbe dined one day with the Archbishop of Rouen, and fell asleep soon after the meal. The prelate, a sorry preacher, was about to deliver a sermon, and awakened Malherbe, inviting him to be of the auditory. "Ah, thank you," said Malherbe; "pray excuse me; I shall sleep very well without that."

The Abbé Regnier, secretary of the French Academy, once made a collection of money among the members for some common purpose. He went round at a meeting with his hat, receiving the contributions. Not perceiving dropped in his share, the abbé presented the hat again that the president Rose, a very miserly person, had to him. The president declared that he had made his contribution, and Regnier said, "I believe it, but I did not see it." "And I," says Fontenelle, "saw it, but could not believe it."

A peasant went into a large city, and, among other objects that struck his fancy, was arrested by a bankingoffice, where he saw people go out and in, without getting any goods, apparently, as in other shops. He ventured to enter and ask the teller what was sold there." Asses you must have!" said the rustic; "I see you have but heads," was the sneering answer. "What a business

one left."

It would often be better not to attempt to reward a brave action, than to reward it ill. A soldier had his two arms carried off at the wrists by a shot. His colonel offered him a crown. "It was not my gloves, but my hands that I lost, colonel," said the poor soldier reproachfully.

A man of genius was one day told that he would be introduced to a person worth knowing-"a persou," said the intending introducer, by way of particular commendation, "who has actually got by heart the whole of Montaigne." The man of genius coldly replied, "I have the work here."

Antiochus, King of Syria, caused the numerous army which he had assembled against the Romans, to defile before Hannibal, and pointed out with pride to the Cardinal's hat. He returned home, however, without obthaginian hero the arms of the infantry, glittering with bits, and saddles, as well as their armour, were loaded gold and silver, and the cavalry, whose horse-trappings, with golden ornaments. The elephants were decorated in a similar manner. Having shown all, Antiochus triumphantly asked the Carthaginian if he did not think that all this would do for the Romans? "Oh, yes," returned Hannibal, " even if they were more greedy than they are."

A Roman captain, having gone over to the camp of Pompey from that of Cæsar, declared to Cicero that he had come off so hurriedly that he had not even thought

A prelate had gone to Rome, in expectation of a cartaining the object of his wishes. Soon after, he went to hoarse with a cold, that he could scarcely make himself court and paid his compliments to the king, but was so intelligible. The king afterwards chanced to express his surprise that the prelate should have so exposed himself at that," said a wit, "since the prelate came from Rome as to catch cold. "Ah, your majesty need not wonder without the hat."

LONDON: Published, with permission of the proprietors, by W. S. ORR, Paternoster Row.

Printed by Bradbury and Evans, Whitefriars.

NUMBER 464.

ANATOMY OF ENGLISH RESERVE. EVERY one must know and have often laughed at the story told of two Oxford students, one of whom, in boating on the Isis, fell into the water, and seemed in imminent danger of being drowned, while the other, a good swimmer, looked on from the Magdalene Bridge, and contented himself with remarking, "Bless me, what a pity I never was introduced to that man! -perhaps I might have been able to save his life!" This is a pretty fair hit at that ultra delicacy of English gentlemen, which forbids them to address each other without being previously attested for by a common acquaintance. We find the following remarks on the same point in De Tocqueville's work, "Demoeracy in America:"

"If two Englishmen chance to meet at the antipodes, where they are surrounded by strangers whose language and manners are almost unknown to them, they will first stare at each other with much curiosity and a kind of secret uneasiness; they will then turn away, or, if one accosts the other, they will take care only to converse, with a constrained and absent air, upon very unimportant subjects. Yet there is no enmity between these men; they have never seen each other before, and each believes the other to be a respectable person. Why then should they stand so cautiously apart? We must go back to England to learn the reason.

As aristocratic pride is still extremely great amongst the English, and as the limits of aristocracy are illdefined, every body lives in constant dread lest advantage should be taken of his familiarity. Unable to judge at once of the social position of those he meets, an Englishman prudently avoids all contact with them. Men are afraid lest some slight service rendered should draw them into an unsuitable acquaintance; they dread civilities, and they avoid the obtrusive gratitude of a stranger quite as much as his hatred.

Many people attribute these singular anti-social propensities, and the reserved and taciturn bearing of the English, to purely physical causes. I may admit that there is something of it in their race, but much more of it is attributable to their social condition, as is proved by the contrast of the Americans. In America, where the privileges of birth never existed, and where riches confer no peculiar rights on their possessors, men unacquainted with each other are very ready to frequent the same places, and find neither peril nor advantage in the free interchange of their thoughts. If they meet by accident, they neither seek nor avoid intercourse; their manner is therefore natural, frank, and open. It is easy to see that they hardly expect or apprehend any thing from each other, and that they do not care to display, any more than to conceal, their position in the world. If their demeanour is often cold and serious, it is never haughty or constrained; and if they do not converse, it is because they are not in a humour to talk, not because they think it their interest to be silent.

of the English proceeds from the constitution of their country much more than from that of its inhabitants."

There is truth in this explanation of De Tocqueville; but it does not appear to us to be the whole truth. In America there are few diversities of rank. The great bulk of the people are brought to a level by two causes their being universally engaged in active pursuits, and their having each and all exactly the same political privileges. But where a decided diversity of rank does exist, we find as great reserve between the classes as in England. The white and coloured population keep apart, even in churches. The reserve in this case is, however, merely an exception that serves to confirm our rule. The people are upon the whole a nation of equals, and there is therefore not much occasion for punctilios in their intercourse with each other.

In England, on the contrary, there is a great variety of grades, of which the following are, we think, pretty well marked :-the titled and landed class; the class landed though not titled; the class of capitalists living independently of exertion; the established and privileged clergy; the mercantile and manufacturing class; the shop-keeping class; the operative class. All of these are in considerably different circumstances from each other, possess different degrees of political influence, and enjoy peculiar degrees of public respect. Differences in title, wealth, and importance of function, become therefore readily recognised, and are intensely appreciated. As a necessary result, there is a habit on the one hand of exacting respect on account of grade, and on the other of paying it, which strikingly marks our society. In phrenological language, self-esteem and veneration are brought into great activity amongst us.

To show how expressly these feelings are evoked by the peculiarities of our social condition, and so far to confirm De Tocqueville's views, it may be observed that the effect is different in different places. In a cathedral town, or in a Bath or Cheltenham, where a great number of the superior classes reside, this peculiar tone of English society is much more strongly brought out than in the manufacturing towns. These are comparatively in the condition of the American population-a mass of active equals. The natural frankness and good humour of the national character are there allowed free play, exactly as in New England; and when the inhabitant of a more aristocratic town goes to such a place, he feels precisely what the Halls and Hamiltons seem to have felt in Americanamely, surprise at a familiarity which, though it may flow from the heart, and be accompanied by much practical kindness, is too opposite to respect to be strictly pleasing. This tends to prove the continued national identity of the Americans and English, and to show how much it is in consequence of social institutions that any diversity appears.

PRICE THREE HALFPENCE.

error by the public opinion of his class. Hence in a great measure that reserve which distinguishes English manners: it is simply the guard which caution puts upon a dignity always in danger of being overlooked.

It must also be observed, as an almost unavoidable consequence of our differences of rank, that there is, in this country, a constant struggle upwards. So many advantages are seen to attend grade, that the members of each class seek eagerly to attain a place in the next above. This is an element of the question which those below are apt to overlook, but, in reality, it operates very powerfully. We do not, of course, justify the system which produces such results, but as long as the system is what it is, its results appear to us to be quite unavoidable. As certainly as there is hauteur and reserve on the one hand, is there a bustling anxiety on the other to fight up into the superior position, or to obtain a share of its advantages. Acquaintances are sought that they may be turned to advantage in obtaining some cherished object, whether it may be of a directly sordid kind, or only that privilege of mingling in refined circles, which in the mean time gratifies taste, and, in the long run, may lead to advantages of a more solid nature. So calculating is this propensity, that schools are selected for children, not with a regard to the education to be acquired in them, but that the children may form acquaintances which will prove useful in helping them on in future life. This policy makes its appearance in our most familiar maxims. "Always seek society rather above than below you," is one of those advices which every old person feels himself called upon to give to every young one. John, proceeding to the academy, is enjoined to make friends with the boys whose fathers are members of parliament, as he may be the better for them hereafter. Where such aggressive policy is pursued on the one hand, we cannot much wonder that a defensive policy is followed on the other-that the rich shun the needy as upon the whole troublesome associates-that the members of a superior rank put on discouraging looks at ballsand that the aristocracy seek schools for their children to which none but their own class have admission. There are two interests concerned, and they act as opposite interests always do. The hauteur of the upper ranks is not, of course, always justly due in the particular instances where it is shown; but it is a habit induced by the frequent occasion for its exercise. And, aggressions being more generally experienced from those who are nearly equals, than from classes considerably distant in rank, we can easily see how, in the gamut of society as in the musical scale, seconds are always the least harmonious.

It is not the mere anxiety to preserve grade, with all its presumed advantages, which operates in keeping classes apart. If the feelings of those who act under this policy were candidly inquired into, we believe it would be found that jealousy of aggression is, in many cases, less the animating motive, than is a feeling which, for want of a more exactly suitable name, we must call taste. In America, there is but a small and unimportant class who are quite independent of business; but in England, the portion of the community who are in this condition is very great. There is, indeed, a full half of the classes we have enumerated as composing British society, who live independently of traffic. This is a broad feature of distinction between the two countries, and one which could not exist without producing a great difference in their manners. Those who prosecute business, and those who do not, though they may mutually respect each other, are under the influence of such different ideas, and feel