1614 Sir Hugh Middleton brings the New River to London from Ware. 15.6 The first permanent fettlement in Virginia. 1619 Dr. W. Harvey, an Englishman, difcovers the doctrine of the circulation. of the blood. 1620 The broad filk manufactory from raw filk introduced into England. 1621 New England planted by the Puritans. 1625 King James dies, and is fucceeded by his fon, Charles I. The island of Barbadoes, the first English fettlement in the West Indies, is planted. 1632 The battle of Lutzen, in which Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, and head of the Protestants in Germany, is killed. 1635 Province of Maryland planted by lord Baltimore. Regular posts established from London to Scotland, Ireland, &c. 1640 King Charles difobliges his Scottish fubjects, on which their army, under general Lesley, enters England, and takes Newcastle, being encouraged by the malcontents in England. The maffacre in Ireland, when 40,000 English Proteftants were killed. 1642 King Charles impeaches five members, who had oppofed his arbitrary mea fures, which begins the civil war in England. 1643 Excife on beer, ale, &c. firft impofed by parliament. 1649 Charles I. beheaded at Whitehall, January 30, aged 49. 1654 Cromwell affumes the protectorship. 1655 The English, under admiral Penn, take Jamaica from the Spaniards. 1658 Cromwell dies, and is fucceeded in the Protectorship by his fon Richard. 1660 King Charles II. is reftored by Monk, commander of the army, after an exile of twelve years in France and Holland. Epifcopacy restored in England and Scotland. The people of Denmark, being oppreffed by the nobles, furrender their privileges to Frederic III. who becomes abfolute. 1662 The Royal Society established at London, by Charles II. 1663 Carolina planted; 1728, divided into two feparate governments. 1664 The New Netherlands, in North America, conquered from the Swedes and Dutch, by the English. 1665 The plague rages in London, and carries off 68,000 perfons. 1666 The great fire of London began Sept. 2, and continued three days, in which were destroyed 13,000 houses, and 400 ftreets. Tea firft ufed in England. 1667 The peace of Breda, which confirms to the English the New Netherlands, now known by the names of Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. 1668- ditto, Aix-la-Chapelle. St. James's Park planted, and made a thoroughfare for public ufe by Charles 1670 The English Hudson's Bay company incorporated. 1672 Lewis XIV. over-runs great part of Holland, when the Dutch open their fluices, being determined to drown their country, and retire to their fettlements in the East Indies. African company established. 1678 The peace of Nimeguen. The habeas corpus act paffed. 1680 A great comet appeared, and, from its nearness to our earth, alarmed the inhabitants. It continued vifible from Nov. 3 to March 9. William Penn, a Quaker, receives a charter for planting Pennfylvania. 1683 Ind a Sock fold from 360 to 500 per cent. 1685 Charles II. dies, aged 55; and is fucceeded by his brother, James I. The duke of Monmouth, natural fon to Charles II. raifes a rebellion, but is defeated at the battle of Sedgmoor, and beheaded. 185 The . 1685 The edict of Nantes infamously revoked by Lewis XIV. and the Proteftants cruelly perfecuted. 1687 The palace of Verfailles, near Paris, finished by Lewis XIV. 1688 The Revolution in Great Britain begins, Nov. 5. King James abdicates, and retires to France, December 3. King William and queen Mary, daughter and fon-in-law to James, are proclaimed February 16. Viscount Dundee ftands out for James in Scotland, but is killed by general Mackey, at the battle of Killycrankie, upon which the Highlanders, wearied with repeated misfortunes, difperfe. 1689 The land-tax paffed in England. The toleration act paffed in Ditto. Several bishops are deprived for not taking the oath to king William. William Fuller, who pretended to prove the prince of Wales fpurious, was voted by the commons to be a notorious cheat, impoftor, and falle accufer. 1690 The battle of the Boyne, gained by William against James in Ireland. 1691 The war in Ireland finished, by the furrender of Limerick to William. 1692 The English and Dutch fleets, commanded by admiral Ruffel, defeat the French fleet off La Hogue. 1693 Bayonets at the end of loaded mufkets first used by the French against the Confederates in the battle of Turin. The duchy of Hanover made the ninth electorate. Bank of England established by king William. The first public lottery was drawn this year. Maffacre of Highlanders at Glencoe, by king William's troops. 1694 Queen Mary dies at the age of 33, and William reigns' alone. Stamp duties inftituted in England. 1696 The peace of Ryfwick. 1699 The Scots fettled a colony at the illhmus of Darien, in America, and called it Caledonia. 1700 Charles XII. of Sweden begins his reign. King James II. dies at St. Germains, in the 68th year of his age. 1701 Pruffia erected into a kingdom. Society for the propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts established. 1702 King William dies, aged 50, and is fucceeded by queen Anne, daughter to James II. who, with the emperor and States General, renews the war against France and Spain. 1704 Gibraltar taken from the Spaniards, by admiral Rooke. The battle of Blenheim won by the duke of Marlborough and allies, again ft the French. The court of Exchequer inftituted in England. 1706 The treaty of Union betwixt England and Scotland, figned July 22. The battle of Ramillies won by Marlborough and the allies. 1707 The firft British parliament. 1708 Minorca taken from the Spaniards by general Stanhope. The battle of Oudenarde won by Marlborough and the allies. 1709 Peter the Great, czar of Mufcovy, defeats Charles XII. at Pultowa, who flies to Turkey. The battle of Malplaquet won by Marlborough and the allies. 1710 Queen Anne changes the Whig ministry for others more favourable to the intereft of her brother, the late Pretender. The cathedral church of St. Paul, London, rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren, in 37 years, at one million expence, by a duty on coals. The English South-Sea company began. 3 N + 1712 Duke 1712 Duke of Hamilton and lord Mohun killed in a duel in Hyde-Park. 1713 The peace of Utrecht, whereby Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Britain, and Hudson's Bay, in North America, were yielded to Great Britain; Gibraltar and Minorca, in Europe, were also confirmed to the faid crown by this treaty. 1714 Queen Ann dies, at the age of fifty, and is fucceeded by George I. Intereft reduced to five per cent. 1715 Lewis XIV. dies, and is fucceeded by his great-grandfon, Lewis XV. the late king of France. The rebellion in Scotland begins in September, under the earl of Mar, in favour of the Pretender. The action of Sheriff-muir, and the furrender of Preston, both in November, when the rebels difperfe. 1716 The Pretender married to the princefs Sobieski, grand-daughter of John Sobieski, late king of Poland. An act paffed for feptennial parliaments. 1719 The Miffiffipi fcheme at its height in France. Lombe's filk-throwing machine, containing 26,586 wheels, erected at Derby; takes up one-eighth of a mile; one water-wheel moves the reft; and in 24 hours it works 318,504,960 yards of organzine filk thread. The South-Sea fcheme in England begun April 7; was at its height at the end of June; and quite funk about September 29. 1727 King George I. dies, in the 68th year of his age; and is fucceeded by his only fon, George II. Inoculation first tried on criminals with fuccefs. Ruffia, formerly a dukedom, is now established as an empire. 1732 Kouli Khan ufurps the Perfian throne, conquers the Mogul empire, and returns with two hundred and thirty-one millions fterling. Several public-fpirited gentlemen begin the fettlement of Georgia, in North America. 1736 Capt. Porteus, having ordered his foldiers to fire upon the populace at the execution of a fmuggler, is him felf hanged by the mob at Edinburgh. 1738 Westminster-Bridge, confifting of fifteen arches, begun; finished in 1750, at the expence of 389,000 l. defrayed by parliament. 1739 Letters of marque iffued out in Britain against Spain, July 21, and war declared October 23. 1743 The battle of Dettingen won by the English and allies, in favour of the queen of Hungary. 1744 War declared against France. Commodore Anfon returns from his voyage round the world. 1745 The allies lofe the battle of Fontenoy. The rebellion breaks out in Scotland, and the Pretender's army defeated by the duke of Cumberland, at Culloden, April 16, 1746. 1746 British Linen Company erected. 1748 The peace of Aix la-Chapelle, by which a reftitution of all places, taken during the war, was to be made on all fides. 1749 The intereft of the British funds reduced to three per cent. British herring fishery incorporated. 1751 Frederic, prince of Wales, father to his prefent majefty, died. Antiquarian fociety at London incorporated. 1752 The new style introduced into Great Britain; the third of September being counted the fourteenth. 1753 The British Museum erected at Montagu-house. Society of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, inftituted in London. 1755 Lisbon deftroyed by an earthquake. 1756 146 Englishmen are confined in the black hole at Calcutta, in the East Indies, by order of the Nabob, and 123 found dead next morning. 1756 Marine 1756 Marine fociety established at London. 1757 Damien attempted to affaffinate the French king. 1759 General Wolfe is killed in the battle of Quebec, which is gained by the English. 1760 King George II. dies, October 25, in the 77th year of his age, and is fuc ceeded by his prefent majesty, who, on the 22d of September, 1761, married the princefs Charlotte of Mecklenburgh Strelitz. Black-Friars bridge, confifting of nine arches, begun; finished 1770, at the expence of 52,840 1. to be difcharged by a toll. Toll, taken off 1785. 1762 War declared against Spain. Peter III. emperor of Ruffia, is depofed, imprisoned, and murdered. George Auguftus Frederic, prince of Wales, born August 12. 1763 The definitive treaty of peace between Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal, concluded at Paris, February 10, which confirms to Great Britain the extenfive provinces of Canada, Eaft and West Florida, and part of Louisiana, in North America; alfo the islands of Granada, St. Vincent, Dominica, and Tobago, in the West Indies. 1764 The parliament granted 10,000l. to Mr. Harrison, for his discovery of the longitude by his time-piece. 1765 His majefty's royal charter paffed for incorporating the Society of Artifts. An act paffed annexing the fovereignty of the island of Man to the crown of Great Britain. 1766 April 21, a spot or macula of the fun, more than thrice the bignefs of our earth, paffed the fun's centre. 1768 Academy of painting established in London. The Turks imprifon the Ruffian ambaffador, and declare war against that empire. 1771 Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks, in his majesty's fhip the Endeavour, lieut. Cook, return from a voyage round the world, having made feveral important discoveries in the South Seas. 1772 The king of Sweden changes the conftitution of that kingdom. The Pretender marries a princefs of Germany, grand-daughter of Thomas, late earl of Aylesbury. The emperor of Germany, emprefs of Ruffia, and the king of Pruffia, ftrip the king of Poland of great part of his dominions, which they divide among themfelves, in violation of the most folemn treaties. 1773 Captain Phipps is fent to explore the North Pole, but having made eightyone degrees, is in danger of being locked up by the ice, and his attempt to discover a paffage in that quarter proves fruitless. The Jefuits expelled from the pope's dominions. The English East India company having, by conqueft or treaty, acquired the extensive provinces of Bengal, Orixa, and Bahar, containing fifteen millions of inhabitants, great irregularities are committed by their fervants abroad, upon which government interferes, and fends out judges, &c. for the better administration of juftice. The war between the Ruffians and Turks proves difgraceful to the latter, who lose the islands in the Archipelago, and by fea are every where unfuccefsful. 1774 Peace is proclaimed between the Ruffians and Turks. The British parliament having paffed an act, laying a duty of three pence per pound upon all teas imported into America, the Colonis, confidering this as a grievance, deny the right of the British parliament to tax them. Deputies from the feveral American colonies meet at Philadelphia, as the 1774 Fir 1774 First petition of Congress to the King, Nov. 1775 April 19, The first action happens in America between the king's troops and the provincials at Lexington. May 20, Articles of confederation and perpetual union between the American provinces. June 17, A bloody action at Bunker's Hill, between the royal troops and the Americans. 1776 March 17, The town of Bofton evacuated by the King's troops. An unfuccefsful attempt, in July, made by commodore Sir Peter Parker, The Congress declare the American colonies Free and Independent States, The Americans are driven from Long Island, New York, in Auguft, with December 25, General Wathington takes 900 of the Heffians prifoners at Trenton. Torture abolished in Poland. 1777 General Howe takes poffeffion of Philadelphia. Lieutenant-general Burgoyne is obliged to furrender his army, at Saratoga, in Canada, by convention, to the American army under the command of the generals Gates and Arnold, October 17. 1778 A treaty of alliance concluded at Paris between the French king and the thirteen united American colonies, in which their independence is acknowledged by the court of France, February 6. 1779 The remains of the earl of Chatham interred at the public expence in Weftminfter-Abbey, June 9, in confequence of a vote of parliament. The earl of Carlisle, William Eden, Efq; and George Johnstone, Efq; arrive at Philadelphia, the beginning of June, as commiflioners for reftoring peace between Great Britain and America. Philadelphia evacuated by the king's troops, June 18. The Congress refufe to treat with the British commiffioners, unless the independence of the American colonies were firft acknowledged, or the king's fleets and armies withdrawn from America. An engagement fought off Breft between the English fleet under the command of admiral Keppel, and the French fleet under the command of the count d'Orvilliers, July 27. Dominica taken by the French, Sept. 7. Pondicherry furrenders to the arms of Great Britain, Q&t. 17. St. Lucia taken from the French, Dec. 28. St. Vincent's taken by the French. Grenada taken by the French, July 3. 1780 Torture in courts of juftice abolished in France. The Inquifition abolished in the duke of Modena's dominions. Admiral Rodney takes twenty-two fail of Spanifh fhips, Jan. 8.' The fame admiral alfo engages a Spanish fleet under the command of Don Charles Town, South Carolina, furrenders to Sir Henry Clinton, May 4. The Protestant Affociation, to the number of 50,000, go up to the House of |