(1) A noun followed by a noun; as, book-keeper, man-servant, steam-boat. (2) A noun preceded by an adjective; as, black-berry, free-man, quicksilver. (3) A noun preceded by a verb; as, draw-plate, make-shift, turn-coat. (4) A noun followed by a verb; as, god-send, water-fall, &c. (5) A noun followed by an adjective; as, court-martial, &c. (6) A noun preceded by a participle; as, boarding-school, spinning-jenny, &c. (7) A noun preceded by a preposition; as, after-noon, in-road. (8) A phrase; as, for-get-me-not, will-o'-the-wisp. COMPOUND ADJECTIVES. 3. Compound adjectives may be thus divided: (1) An adjective preceded by a noun; as, child-like, fool-hardy, snowwhite. (2) An adjective preceded by an adjective, or followed by a participle; as, blue-black, vain-glorious, free-born. (3) An adjective or participle preceded by an adverb or preposition; as, fastsailing, down-right, soft-flowing, &c. (4) Some compound adjectives are formed from compound nouns by adding dor ed; as, eagle-eyed, cold-blooded, white-robed. (1) The word self, plural selves, is added to the possessives my, thy, her, our, and your; as, myself, thyself, herself, ourselves, yourselves. (Yourself to a single person, instead of thyself). (2) The word self, plural selves, is added to him and them, instead of to his and their; as himself, themselves. (3) The emphatic word own may be added to all these possessives; as, my own, thy own, his own, &c. And although these words are always written as separate words, they may still be regarded as compound pronouns. (4) The words so, ever, and so-ever, are added to the relative pronouns ; as, whoso, whosoever, whatever, &c. (1) A verb preceded by a noun; as, back-bite, hen-peck, way-lay. (2) A verb preceded by an adjective; as, rough-hew. (3) A verb preceded by an adverb; as, fore-warn, out-run, over-hang. (1) Two nouns may make an adverb; as, length-ways, piece-meal. (2) An adjective and a noun may make an adverb; as, mean-time, straight-way. (3) A preposition and a noun; as, in-deed, up-stairs. (4) Two adverbs; as, hence-forth, thence-forward, there-about. (5) An adverb and a preposition; as, forth-with, here-upon, where-by, &c. (6) A phrase; as, by-and-bye, never-the-less, not-with-standing, &c. 7. 8. COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS. (1) A preposition and a noun; as, inside. (2) Two prepositions; as, into, unto, upon. (3) A phrase; as, according to, by reason of, on behalf of, &c. COMPOUND CONJUNCTIONS. Compound conjunctions are formed like compound adverbs. Indeed, they are generally the same words, though, of course, differently applied; as, whenever, whereas, wherefore, therefore, &c. OBSCURE COMPOUNDS. Note.-Some words are compound in their origin, but simple in appearance and use; thus, anon, presently, is at once, in a moment. Atone, to reconcile, is at-one-in agreement. Daisy, a flower, is day's eye. Every, each of all, is "everech" (everaelc, in Anglo-Saxon), ever and each. Neither ne, not, and either. Aught, anything is a whit. Naught=ne, not; and aught = not anything. Whether, which of the two, is whe-other (A.S. hwa-otherr) who the other, or who else. Such, similar, is so like; swa-lic (swa-ylk). Which, who or that, is who like=hwa-lic (hwa-ylk). Don, to put on, is do on. Doff, to take off, is do off Only, alone, is one-like, anlic (an-ylc). Woman, a female, is wifman= wife-man. QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 1. In compound words, what does the first denote? 2. How may compound nouns be divided? 3. How may compound adjectives be divided? 4. Compound pronouns? 5. Compound verbs? 6. Compound adverbs? 7. Compound prepositions? 8. How are compound conjunctions formed? Note. Give a list of obscure compounds. EXERCISE. Decompose the following words, telling or writing the part of speech after each :-thus, Fear-less, adjective. Hood-wink, verb. Forth-with, adverb. Fearless, spendthrift, breakfast, becalm, backbite, upright, aside, eventide, teaspoon, overhear, whitewash, whereat, mistake, otherwise, outdo, forbid, gainsay, sunlight, offal, unwise, inkstand, child-like, blackish, manhood, cowherd, grindstone, bookkeeper. Hoodwink, forethought, stoneblind, landbreeze, thunderstruck, wardrobe, quicksilver, almighty, haystack, spitfire, inlet, greyhound, herein, whereby, foretell, godsend, bluebell, railway, nobleman, pickpocket, twopence, hereupon, underdone, browbeat, forthwith, thereabout, inside, however, notwithstanding. LATIN ROOTS. Aevum (an age): coeval, primeval Arceo (I drive away): coerce Centrum (a centre): concentrate Clamo, clamatum (I shout): exclamation Classis (a class): classic Claudo, clausum (I shut): include Cor, cordis (the heart): concord Dignus (worthy): condign, dignity Eo, itum (I go): ambition, transitory Facies (the face): deface Facio, factum (I make, do): effect, efficient Fero (I carry, bear, latus): infer Jungo, junctum (I join): adjoin, subjunctive Juro (I swear): abjure, conjure Linquo, lictum (I leave): delinquent cution Ludo, lusum (I play, deceive): delude, illusion Luo, lutum (I wash): ablution Mitto, missum (I send): commit, missile Moneo, monitum (I warn): admonish Nascor, natus (I am born): cognate Necto, nexum (I tie, bind): annex, connect Nomen, nominis (a name): cognomen, renounce Ordo, ordinis (order, rank): coördinate, ordinal, subordinate Pando, pansum (I spread): expanse Paro, paratum (I put, place): compare Pello, pellatum (I name, call): appellation Pello, pulsum (I drive): compel, propel, repulsive Pendeo, pensum (I hang): append, pendulum, suspend Pendo, pensum (I weigh, pay): pen sive, recompense, stipend Pes, pedis (a foot): biped, impede Planta (a plant): displant, plantation Plecto, plexum (I twist): complex Plico, plicatum (I fold): complication Polio (I polish): polite Pono, positum (I place): component, opponent Porto (I carry): deportment, portfolio [folium, a leaf] Premo, pressum (I press): compress, irrepressible Pungo, punctum (I prick): punctuation Puto (I lop, think): amputate, compute Quatio, quassum (I shake): discussion Seco, sectum (I cut): bisect, insect Spargo, sparsum (I scatter): sparse Specio, spectum (I see): respect, circumspect, suspect Spiro, spiratum (I breathe): perspire, respiration Spondeo, sponsum (I promise): sponsor, responsible Sto, statum (I stand): circumstance Struo, structum (I build): construction, obstruct Sumo, sumptum (I take): assume, presumptuous Tango, tactum (I touch): attach, contingent Tendo, tentum (I stretch): contend, ostentation Teneo, tentum (I hold): abstain, tena cious Terra (the earth): inter, subterranean Testis (a witness): attest, testament, testimonial Texo, textum (I weave): context Torqueo, tortum (I twist): tortuous, torture Traho, tractum (I draw): distract, extract Tribuo, tributum (I give): attributive, tribute Trudo, trusum (I thrust): obtrude Valeo (I am strong): convalescent Venio, ventum (I come): convene, intervene Verbum (a word): adverb, verbatim Vergo (I bend): converge, diverge Verto, versum (I turn): divert, invert, pervert Via (a way): deviate, trivial [tres, tria, three] Video, visum (I see): advise, devise, revise Vinco, victum (I conquer): convince, victim Vivo, victum (I live): revive Voco (I call): advocate, irrevocable, provoke Volo (I wish, I am willing): voluntary Volvo, volutum (I roll): voluble, volume GREEK ROOTS. Agon (a struggle): agony Bapto or baptizo (I plunge): baptist Eccaleo (I call out): ecclesiastic Ge (the earth): apogee, perigee, geography Gignosko (I know): diagnosis, prognostic Glupho (I carve): glyph Glotta (the tongue): epiglottis, poly- Gonia (a corner): diagonal, decagon economy Onoma (a name): anonymous, metonymy, synonymous Opsis (sight): synopsis, thanatopsis Phemi (I say:) prophesy, emphasis, euphemism Phero (I bear, bring): metaphor, periphery Phone (the voice): symphony, antiphone, telephone Phrasis (mode of speaking): paraphrase, metaphrase Physis (nature): metaphysics, physiology Poros (a passage): emporium, Bosphorus Pous, podos (a foot): antipodes, poly pus Psyche (the soul, breath): metempsychosis, psychology Pyr (fire): empyreal, pyre, pyramid Rheo (I flow): catarrh, diarrhoea, rheum Stasis (a standing): apostasy, ecstasy Stello (I send): apostle, epistle Strophe (a turning): apostrophe, catastrophe Taxis (order): syntax, tactics Taphos (a tomb): epitaph, cenotaph |