about this happy reconciliation; and may the Lord, out of his grace, long preserve it *! It was now deliberated and determined on by the king in council, to make a conquest of the county of Armagnac, and to give it to the duke of Guienne. To accomplish this, a large train of artillery, men-at-arms, and franc-archers, were ordered to march thither; and the king left Amboise for Orleans, where he remained five or six days, and then returned to Amboise. A short time after these measures had been resolved on, monsieur de Châtillon, grand-master, and inspector-general of woods and forests, came to Paris, to muster and review the banners, officers, and men, that had been enrolled within that city.

On Saturday, the 4th of November in this year, the peace that had been concluded between the kings of France and Spain was proclaimed in Paris; and the treaty was publicly read by master John le Cornu, clerk to the provostship of Paris, in the presence of the civil and criminal lieutenants of the said provostship, and the officers of justice attached to the court of the Châtelet. The king after this resided at Amboise, and other places near, having with him the lord de Bourbon and his usual courtiers, until the 24th of December, when the duke of Guienne arrived at Montils-les-Tours, to wait on the king, attended by a grand company of the nobles of his duchy. The king, queen, and the whole court were much rejoiced at his arrival, and set off instantly from Amboise, to welcome and entertain the duke at Montils-les-Tours. During this interval, the county of Armagnac was reduced to the king's obedience without any effusion of blood; and the whole surrendered into the hands of the lord-admiral and the count de Dammartin, the commanders-inchief of the royal army. The court of France remained with the duke de Guienne at the castle of Montils-les-Tours until Christmas, when many feasts and entertainments were given by the king. The duke of Guienne having taken leave of the king and court, departed for La Rochelle and St. Jean d'Angeli to hold his estates, to appoint officers for his duchy, and to regulate the government thereof.

When the king was returned again to Amboise, he sent ambassadors to the duke of Brittany with the collar of an order † which he had lately instituted, that he might wear it, and swear to the observance of its laws as a knight-companion, as other princes and barons of the realm had done. But although the king did him this honour, at first he refused to accept or wear it; owing, as was said, to his having accepted the order of the Golden Fleece, and thus becoming the brother and ally to the duke of Burgundy, which much offended the king, and not without reason. Shortly after, the king issued orders for an army of men-at-arms, archers, and artillery, to be ready to march and make war on the duke of Brittany; but ten days were first allowed the duke, to declare his future intentions, as to his conduct toward the king; and the 15th of February was the day on which he was to give his positive answer.

On the 14th of that month, a summons from the king, signed "William de Cerisay," was published in Paris, by which the king informed the provost, that from certain intelligence he had learned how king Edward of England had established a peace with all the lords and others who had opposed his government; and that it had been unanimously resolved in parliament to invade different parts of the French coast, to destroy and conquer the country, as they had formerly done: that the king, in consequence, was determined to oppose them by every means in his power, and had ordered his ban and rear ban to be assembled. He commanded the provost, by these presents, to constrain vigorously, without admittance of excuse, all nobles and others, vassals of the crown, privileged or not, to appear in arms, and sufficiently equipped, on the first day of March next, on pain of corporal punishment and confiscation of effects. He likewise forbade the provost and all others to receive any excuses, under penalty of losing their offices, with confiscation of effects, any appeals to the contrary notwithstanding. He also declared all such as should fail to make their appearance in arms on the appointed day enemies to his crown, and that their effects should be confiscated, without hopes of pardon.

From this expression it should appear that the writer of this chronicle committed every event to writing as soon as he was informed of it, and never afterwards revised his annals with a reference to subsequent affairs.

The order of St. Michael.

The duke of Brittany was an ally of the duke of Burgundy, but was not a knight of the Golden Fleece

*

News was this day brought to Paris, that the duke of Burgundy had been seen at Ghent wearing the blue garter on one of his legs, and the red cross on his mantle, the badge of king Edward, which plainly demonstrated his friendship to the English, and that he was a capital enemy to the king of France. The duke, however, sent ambassadors to the king at Tours, who waited there a long time before they were dismissed. At this time, the viscount of Villars †, in Poitou, departed this life: he had, while living, left his fortune to the king of France, to be enjoyed by him immediately on his decease. The king, therefore, went into Poitou to receive possession of Villars and the other property, and on this account remained there the whole month of April. In this month master Pierre Durand, nephew to the cardinal Balue, who had been long confined in the castle of Mailly, escaped from prison, and went to Paris, where he was discovered by an apothecary called Chambatin. He was again arrested, and confined in the prison of the Conciergerie of the palais-royal, wherein he remained until the 26th day of April, in the ensuing year, and was then delivered into the hands of the sergeants of the provost of the marshals, to be carried whither they had been ordered.

CHAPTER CLXII.-THE EARL OF WARWICK AND THE DUKE OF CLARENCE, DRIVEN OUT OF ENGLAND BY KING EDWARD, COME TO FRANCE.-QUEEN MARGARET AND HER SON ARRIVE THERE ALSO, TO THE DISPLEASURE OF THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.-THE BIRTH OF THE DAUPHIN, CHARLES.-THE EARL OF WARWICK RETURNS TO ENGLAND.—AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN THE KING OF FRANCE AND KING HENRY OF ENGLAND. THE FLIGHT OF KING EDWARD.-THE ENTRY OF THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND INTO PARIS.THE INHABITANTS OF AUXERRE TAKE PART WITH THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.-THE KING'S VICTORIES IN THE DUCHY OF BURGUNDY AND THE COUNTRIES OF CHAROLOIS AND PICARDY. OF THE KING'S JOURNEYS, AND OTHER EVENTS THAT HAPPENED DURING THE YEAR MCCCCLXX.

[A. D. 1470.]

IN the month of May in this year, the earl of Warwick and the duke of Clarence, whom king Edward had forced to banish themselves and their families from England, arrived at Honnefleur and Harfleur, with about four-score vessels. They found there the lord-admiral of France, who received the earl of Warwick, the duke of Clarence, and the count de Vuasanfort, and their ladies with every respect. Their vessels were admitted in the harbours; and after a short time, the ladies, with their trains, departed, and went to Valognes, where lodgings had been provided for them. The duke of Burgundy, hearing of this, wrote to the court of parliament at Paris, to say that he had received intelligence of the king having admitted the earl of Warwick and his company into some of his towns within the duchy of Normandy, contrary to the articles of the treaty of Peronne; and to entreat that the parliament would remonstrate with the king on this subject, to prevent him from favouring the said Warwick and his party, whom he styled his capital enemy, as well as the enemy of the realm of France; otherwise he would seek him wherever he could find him in the kingdom of France, to do with him as should seem to him good. Nevertheless, the earl of Warwick remained some time at Honnefleur, namely, the whole of the month of June; and during this, several of the king's garrisons made frequent sallies on the borders of Normandy and Picardy, and wasted the country. In this same month two men-at-arms under the command of the constable waylaid and murdered two young clerks of the treasurer of the army, in the plains of Beauce, to rob them of the money they were carrying to the troops. Shortly after they were taken at Honnefleur, and carried before the constable at Meaux, who had them hanged on two trees that were by the side of two different roads.

The king all this while resided at Tours, Amboise, Vendôme, and at divers places in that

The blue garter. The duke was elected knightcompanion of the Garter the 13th May, 1463.

Viscount of Villars. Q. if not Thouars? Louis d'Amboise, viscount of Thouars, dying without issue male,

his daughter brought the titles of Thouars and Talmont into the family of Tremouille by marriage with Louis I. count of Guênes, &c., who died in 1483.

Vuasanfort. John de Vere, earl of Oxford.

country, whither the English came to him, as did queen Margaret and her son the prince of Wales. They had many conferences on the causes of their having left England, and on public affairs; after which the English returned to Honnefleur, Valognes, St. Lô, and other towns in Normandy. The duke of Burgundy, in the mean time, had all the effects of the French merchants in his countries seized, until his own merchants should have restitution made them for the vessels and goods which these English had captured on their voyage to Harfleur.

On Saturday, the last day of June, about two or three in the morning, the queen of France was brought to bed in the castle of Amboise, of a fair son, who was then baptised by the name of Charles by the archbishop of Lyon, who was his godfather with the prince of Wales, son to king Henry VI., which latter was then detained a prisoner by Edward, calling himself king of England: his godmother was the princess Jeanne of France, duchess of Bourbon. This event was celebrated by Te Deums sung in most of the churches, by bonfires, and public tables in all the streets of the principal towns. Not long after this, the king of Sicily, the duke of Guienne, the duke of Bourbon, the archbishop of Lyon, the lord de Beaujeu and others, went to Angers, Saumur, Pont-de-Cé, and other places near, to negotiate a pacification between the king and the duke of Brittany; and they remained until it was accomplished. The king having signed the treaty returned to the queen at Amboise. Ambassadors were, in consequence of this peace, sent by the duke of Brittany to the duke of Burgundy, to deliver up and cancel the alliance that subsisted between them, which greatly vexed the duke of Burgundy, especially on hearing the good understanding and union that reigned between the duke of Brittany and the king.

The duke of Burgundy, hearing that the earl of Warwick was preparing to sail for England, instantly ordered a fleet of ships of war, full of artillery, and manned with English, Picards, Burgundians, and others, to cruise in the channel to intercept him. They sailed close to the Norman coast in hopes of falling in with the earl, and there remained at anchor a considerable time, during which the king was gone on a pilgrimage to Mont Saint Michael. Having performed his devotions, he returned to Avranches, Tombelaine, Coutances, Caen, and Honnefleur; and while on the coast he ordered the ships Lord Admiral, the Colon, and others, to be victualled, on board of which the earl of Warwick and the duke of Clarence embarked with their company, and a body of franc-archers and men-at-arms which the king had given them as an escort, and for their defence. On their embarking, they weighed anchor, and set sail in sight of the Burgundians, who had been at anchor so long, without doing anything but expend all their provision, which forced them to weigh also, and return to their duke with hungry stomachs. This was matter of joy to the king, for they had lost much time in inactivity, and the victualling and manning of this fleet had been very expensive.

The wind proving favourable to the French fleet, it soon arrived off the English coast, and the earl of Warwick and his company landed during the night at Plymouth and Dartmouth. Warwick, on his landing, instantly despatched a party of his men ten miles up the country to seize an English baron, who was quietly sleeping in his bed, unsuspicious of this invasion. They brought him to Warwick, who ordered him to be immediately beheaded. From Dartmouth Warwick marched to Bristol, where he was well received; for it was there he had left his artillery and baggage when he fled to Normandy. When he had remained there about three days, to collect his friends together, he found himself at the head of about sixty thousand men in arms, who promised to stand by him until death, and with them he began his march to meet king Edward; but it was more than fifteen days after his landing in England before any intelligence from him reached France. In this interval, the lord d'Argueil, son to the prince of Orange †, who was of the household of the duke of Burgundy, and one of his nearest relatives, having married the sister of the duke of Bourbon, suddenly quitted the service of the duke of Burgundy, and joined the king, who received him with much distinction. The duke, when he heard of his departure, was ready to burst with grief and vexation; and declared, in the presence of the ambassadors from Brittany, that the lord d'Argueil should have all the Tombelaine, -a small rock, or island, between St. Malo and Avranches. + John de Châlons, son to William prince of Orange.

property he possessed in his territories confiscated; and he afterwards had all his castles within his dominions razed to the ground.

The king, on the 14th of October, sent letters- patent to Paris, which were read and published in all the squares, in the presence of the lieutenants of the provostship of Paris. They contained information of the treaty of peace which he had concluded with Henry VI. of England, and orders for the admission of all the English of his party into France on their private affairs, or commercial transactions, with or without passports; but to the exclusion of all who supported the late king Edward IV., his allies, and abettors. This day, news arrived in France, that the duke of Clarence and the earl of Warwick prospered greatly in their enterprises; that they had taken the field in pursuit of Edward; and that the greater part of the nobles, prelates, and gentlemen of England had joined them, more especially the populace of London, who had gone out to meet Warwick, having turned their backs on Edward; that king Henry, who had been so long detained in confinement by Edward, was fully restored to liberty and to his crown; that Warwick had been appointed regent of the kingdom; and that great rejoicings had taken place in London. All the French prisoners were sent home free of ransom; but Warwick had seized on the persons and effects of those who were subjects to the duke of Burgundy. And the intelligence concluded by saying, that Edward, finding himself thus abandoned, had fled the kingdom, to seek an asylum with his brother-in-law the duke of Burgundy; but that his wife and family had remained behind *.

The king of France, having made a long stay at Tours and Amboise, moved by devotion, went on a pilgrimage to the church of our Lady at Celles, in Poitou; whence, after a few days, he returned to Amboise. In the month of November, the king sent letters to Paris, to order all the nobles, clergy, and inhabitants of that city to make processions in praise of God and the Virgin Mary, and to continue them, laying aside all other employments whatever, for three days, to return thanks for the great victory which Henry of Lancaster, king of England, had gained over the earl of March, who had for a long time usurped his throne, by the support of the duke of Burgundy, and, also, for the happy peace and good understanding that now subsisted between him and the king of England. These processions, thus ordered, were executed in all the principal towns of France.

Shortly after he despatched other letters to Paris, to say that he should send thither the queen of England, consort to king Henry, with her son the prince of Wales, his princess, daughter to the earl of Warwick, and her mother the countess of Warwick, the lady Wiltshire, and other ladies and damsels that were with the queen of England. Queen Margaret came thither as the king had given notice, attended, according to his orders, by the counts d'Eu, de Vendôme, and de Dunois, the lord de Châtillon, and other noblemen. When she approached Paris, the bishop, the court of parliament, the university, the provosts of Paris, and the court of Châtelet, by express orders from the king, together with the principal inhabitants, came out to meet her, handsomely dressed, and in very numerous bodies. She made her entry by the gate of St. James; and all the streets through which she passed from that gate to the palace, where apartments had been handsomely prepared for her, were adorned with hangings of tapestry, and had tents pitched in all the squares. At this time the royal artillery was removed from Tours to the Louvre, wherein it was deposited; and the king wrote to the provost and sheriffs, that it was his pleasure to hold the feast of his order in their city: having the intention to bring a large company of nobles and knights-companions with him, he willed that lodgings should be provided for them by the inhabitants, according to the choice of his harbingers, which was complied with.

In the month of December of this year, sir Arthur de Longueval entered the town of St. Quentin, in the name of the king, with the consent of the inhabitants. Afterward, on the 10th day of that month, the constable came thither with two hundred lances and archers; and on the 14th, master John Ladriesche, treasurer of France, master Robert

*This sudden revolution seems to have been effected solely by the overpowering influence of the Nevils. The marquis of Montacute, who had been lately forced to resign the earldom of Northumberland on the reconciliation between Edward and the house of Percy, and who was too fond of actual power to think the title of marquis a com

pensation for one of the greatest earldoms of England, was easily persuaded to join the party of his brother; and on his defection, Edward was seized with a panic, and leaving his army at Nottingham, fled beyond seas. - STOWE, 1470.

Fessier, master Pierre de Brieuval, and other officers attached to the constable, made a proclamation by sound of trumpet, at the table of marble, in the Palace at Paris, to make known the capture of the town of St. Quentin, in the Vermandois, by the lord-constable, and ordering the public to return thanks to God, praying him to grant prosperity to the king and to the constable, in the recovery of the other pledged towns, which he intended to wrest from the hands of Charles, styling himself duke of Burgundy: such were the words of the proclamation.

The king left Amboise in the month of January for Clery and Orleans, and thence went into Beauce. He lay the first night at Puiset*, and on the morrow at Palaiseau, near Montlehery. The next day he dined at Sceaux, at the house of master John Baillet, master in ordinary of requests of the king's household, and that evening came to his hôtel of the Tournelles at Paris. He was accompanied by the queen, madam de Bourbon, and other ladies and damsels, their attendants, and remained in Paris until the 26th of January, when he set out for Senlis, Compiègne, and other places thereabout, where his army was quartered in readiness to march against the duke of Burgundy. His artillery was sent after him by land and water to Compiègne, Noyon, and other parts of Picardy and Flanders. Proclamation was also made in Paris, that all franc-archers and nobles in the Isle of France should make themselves ready, and, properly equipped, follow the king to the army. In the mean time, great quantities of powder and cannons were made and constructed at Paris. Before the king joined his army, he sent sir Christopher Paillard, member of the chamber of accounts, and sir James Hesselin, comptroller of the salt magazines at Paris, to the town of Auxerre, to summon the inhabitants to surrender the place to the king, and admit a garrison from him. These commissioners made them an eloquent harangue; but they required time for consulting among themselves, and until the Thursday following to give their answer. To wait their answer, the commissioners went to the town of Joigny, six leagues distant, where they staid until the Thursday, when the townsmen sent them their answer by an inhabitant of Auxerre, said to be a cobbler, who told them that the inhabitants of Auxerre had garrisoned their town with a steady garrison for the duke of Burgundy, as they were resolved to live and die in his service, and to defend their town for him. The day the duke's garrison was admitted, one of the townsmen, called Guillemin Goutier, was killed,-which was a pity, for he suffered from supporting the cause of the king.

On the king's departure from Paris for Senlis, the towns of Amiens, Roye, and Mondidier, surrendered to his obedience. The 4th of February, general processions were made at Paris, at which the queen, madame de Bourbon, and the court assisted, to the cathedral church of Notre-Dame, and thence to our Lady of Recovery at the Carmelites. At both places prayers were offered up for the prosperity of the king and queen. It was now published, that the three before-mentioned towns had submitted to the king's obedience, to which Abbeville was added; but this was groundless. Masons, carpenters, and various other workmen were now collected at Paris, and sent to the towns that had surrendered, under the care of master Henry de la Cloche, king's attorney at the Châtelet, a good and loyal Frenchman, who conducted them to Roye, where they erected strong outworks and bulwarks, as well as at the other towns. These workmen remained in those parts a considerable time, even unto Easter, when the king agreed to a truce with the duke of Burgundy. The duke had been besieged in his encampment between Bapaumes and Amiens, and was in such misery and distress for provision that, had it not been for the truce, the king might have had his whole army at his pleasure.

Since the commencement of this war, the king had been very successful in his different engagements with the Picards and Flemings, as well against the foraging party from the enemy's camp as against others of the Burgundian party. Great damages had been done in the duchy of Burgundy, the county of Charolois, and in the Mâconnois, where the royal partisans gained much plunder, made many good prisoners, and slew numbers. The lords count-dauphin of Auvergne, of Comminges, of Combrodes +, of Charente, sir William

Puisct, a village near Orleans.

+ Combrodes. Q. Comborn? John I., viscount of Comborn, counsellor and chamberlain to Charles VII.,

married Jane of Rochechouart, and died about 1482. Who was count or lord of Charente I cannot tell. But query, does this mean James de Bourbon lord of Charency? Ho