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Zv plainly refers to his ever living or continuing as a priest, in which capacity ἐντυγχάνειν ὑπὲρ nuwv, as follows.

Εἰς τὸ ἐντυγχάνειν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, ἐ intercede for them, or rather to interpose in their behalf. The proper meaning of ¿vrvyxávw is, to go to any one, to approach him, to meet him, for the sake of accusing, defending, convicting, or delivering any person, or of transacting any business which has respect to him. Here, it is plainly in the sense of aiding, defending, or delivering; as the preceding owlεv clearly indicates. It means here, also, to do something, or to interpose, in such a way as is appropriate to the priests' office. But to intercede, in the sense of making supplication, is not appropriate to any part of the priests' office under the Levitical law; at least, not to any which the Scriptures have pesented to our view. The reader will search in vain for any direction to the

priests, under the Jewish economy, to perform such

a duty as priests; and all the testimony we have to shew us that the priests did make intercession, is what Philo says of their duties, Legat. ad Caium. II. 77, p. 591, (edit. Mangey;) see on ver. 27. Even the passage in Luke i. 9, 10, seems to indicate nothing that solves the question. We must, therefore, understand ivrvyxávɛv here, in a more general sense, and refer it to any aid which Christ

as high priest extends to those who approach God, confiding in him, ch. iv. 16. He is able, σώζειν αὐτοὺς, because he is a perpetual priest, ἐντυγχάνειν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, i. e. to interpose in their behalf, to procure for them such aid as they may need. So the priests, under the Levitical dispensation, were the internuntii between God and the people, and procured blessings for them, not only by presenting the offerings which they brought, but by inquiring of the Lord for them, or

consulting his holy oracle. I acquiesce, therefore, in the general idea of έvrvyxávev here, viz. interposing in our behalf, assisting; and I believe, that all attempts to draw from the word any thing more than this, is substituting imagination for wellgrounded reasoning."

The Commentary is followed by twenty dissertations on some of the more difficult or important passages of the Epistle. These contain a fund of solid and useful learning, and are especially entitled to the diligent and persevering attention of the theological student.

It is not often we have to acknowledge such a debt of gratitude as the religious public owes to Professor Stuart. He has not merely himself contributed much to the elucidation of the inspired page, but, what is of more importance still, he has set an example which cannot fail to be imitated. We have now a model in our own language of what a commentary should be; and we hope the time is not far distant, when learning will achieve, for the other books of the inspired volume, what our author has done for the Epistles to the Romans and the Hebrews.

2D. SERIES, NO. 35.-- VOL. III.

REVIEW.-Tales from Chaucer, in Prose; designed chiefly for the use of Young Persons. By Charles Cowden Clarke. Effingham Wilson, London. 1833. THERE is a singular, and, in some instances, a most disproportionate interest naturally evinced by the human mind in the beginnings of things. Whether this be attributable to that curiosity which takes its stand upon the early parts of all histories, and eagerly attempts to judge from the first indistinct prognostics what the future may be expected to reveal; or whether it may be the operation of a more kindly feeling which interests itself in the weakness of infancy, and does not "despise the day of small things"-certain it is that the sentiment is very generally entertained; and whatever interest may be felt in the subsequent history of men or things, there is always a condensed and concentrated portion resting on its initial stages. This feeling is manifestly excited in proportion to the importance of those results which are found to have depended on such beginnings; and hence the human being, in the stage of infancy, and through the present life, (considered as preparatory to an endless state of being,) is the object of a curiosity and interest so intense as to offer the most marked illustration of the position we have laid down. "The first rude settlement of Romulus," says Mr. Foster,* when pursuing a somewhat similar train of thought, "would have been an insignificant circumstance, and might justly have fallen into oblivion, if Rome had not at length commanded the world. The little rill near the source of one of the great American rivers, is an interesting object to the traveller, who is apprised, as he steps across it, or walks a few miles along its bank, that this is the stream which runs so far, and which gradually swells into so vast a flood. So, while I anticipate the progress of life, and wonder through what unknown scenes it is to take its course, its past years lose that character of vanity which seem to belong to a train of fleeting, perishing moments; and I see them assuming the dignity of a commencing eternity. In them I have begun to be that conscious existence which I am to be through endless duration, and I feel a strange emotion of curiosity about this little life in which I am setting out on such a progress; I cannot be content without an accurate sketch of the windings, thus far, of a stream which is to bear me on for ever."

To apply these remarks to the subject suggested by the work before us;-CHAUCER claims our interest on another ground

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beside that of his intrinsic merits; namely, the position he occupies with relation to our national literature. He was the father of English bards-the first who found amongst

for the first time his Prologue to the Canterbury Pilgrims, was, that it detracted materially from Mr. Stothard's fame in illustrating it, for that all was there, ready fashioned to his hands.' In this very prologue the portrait of the shipman is a strik

us the materials of poetry, and adapted ing likeness to this day. His action on horseback those materials with consummate art and beauty to our national language and tastes. It was that "well of English undefiled," from which, as from the hidden sources of the Nile, have emanated those majestic and beneficent streams, which, overflowing the rugged and sterile soil of our ancient character, have left behind them a universal aspect of amenity and fruitfulness. Baptized himself in fancy, imbued with the very spirit of early and uncorrupted romance, he was the first who impressed the rude minds of our forefathers with the majesty of his genius, and enamoured them with its lovely creations. In short, he realized all the advantages which the poet can command, captivating the hearts of his countrymen, while he elevated and refined their characters, satirized the follies of their religion, and rebuked the corruptions of their morals.

"Sic honor et nomen divinis vatibus atque, Carminibus venit."

The excellent "Memorial of Chaucer," prefixed to the volume before us, absolves us from the necessity of entering on an extended delineation of his intellectual character. Indeed, it is no less injustice to the author than as a gratification to the reader, that we extract the very elaborate criticism with which the "Memorial" closes:

"Many of the tales of Chaucer, which are paraphrastical translations from the Latin and Italian languages, prove him to have been a linguist of no ordinary standard; and his prose essays stamp him a logician. It has been already shown that he was well versed in the science of astronomy-as much of it at least as was known in that age. That he was a philosopher in the most practical acceptation of the term that of humanizing his fellow creatures, and making them happier as well as wiser, we need only refer to the best and most carefully written of his poems.

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As a poet, his chief power lay in description, and this was marvellous; whatever object it is his purpose to delineate, he inspects, and probes, and twists, and turns it on every side, as a botanist pores into a flower; and then he presents it to you clothed in the minute perfection of a Dutch painting with the charms of ease, grace, and freedom superadded. So patiently did he study the characters of the people he described, that he seems not to have more closely examined their costumes, (accurately as he did this) than he did their habits of thought. Hence, the speeches he puts into their Hen mouths are so truly in keeping, that their great merit almost becomes neutralized in the mind; for we feel that he merely put down what he heard as well as what he saw when describing his characters. The first remark made to us by one who had read

is not yet more accomplished: he still makes progress, as Butler humorously describes him, as though he were 'rowing the horse.' The doctor of physic reading little in his bible;' playing into the apothecary's hands; regulating his diet, and eating that which is most nutritious. The showy wife of Bath, so trim about the ankles, with her new tight shoes, and stockings gartered up without a wrinkle. The reeve, (or steward) contriving to lay his lord under obligations by advancing him money in his necessitous extravagance. The sergeant at law, than whom no man was more busy, and yet he seemed busier than he was;' are all as truly portrayed as the reflections in a camera lucida. Chaucer is one of the most matter-of-fact poets that ever existed. He describes and recapitulates, and describes and repeats, like one who having beheld a wonder for the first time, returns at every given opportunity to the object of his admiration. He is sometimes tedious in his descriptions; and this appears to arise from an anxiety, on his own part, lest the reader should not be able to keep pace with him in feeling at once the full impression of the object he is delineating. The late Mr. Hazlitt, in his lectures on the poets, has most happily in one pithy sentence (a remarkable feature in his critical analyses) struck out Chaucer's poetical faculty. He says: His poetry reads like history. Every thing has a downright reality; at least in the narrator's mind. A simile, or a sentiment, is as if it were given in upon evidence.' Again: 'He speaks of what he wishes to describe with the accuracy, the discrimination of one who relates what has happened to himself, or has had the best information from those who have been eye-witnesses of it. The strokes of his pencil always tell. He dwells only on the essential, on that which would be interesting to the persons really concerned: yet as he never omits any material circumstance, he is prolix from the number of points on which he touches, without being diffuse on any one; and is sometimes tedious from the fidelity with which he adheres to his subject, as other writers are from the frequency of their digressions from it. The chain of his history is composed of a number of fine links, closely connected together, and riveted by a single blow."

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pausing at every furlong to remark and admire the shifting effects of light in the morning clouds; or to hearken to the whistle of the early birds; or to no. tice the varieties of foliage, the smell of wild blossoms, the juicy freshness and vivid hue of tall plants that bow in graceful homage over the 'huddling brook'-such a one may easily be wearied with the description of the other, for it is commonly an accurate journal of his whole route.

"The extraordinary fidelity of his portraits, and the careful minuteness with which he lays on tint after tint to heighten their effect, has already been noticed. This in the main is true; yet will he at times, with one dash of his pencil, (like a true genius,) give all the expression you can require. To take two or three specimens at random, by way of example. The appearance of Troilus striding across the hall after his return from Cressida, when she was taken from him and delivered up to the Greeks:

To Troy is come this woful Troilus,
In sorrow, above all sorrow's smart,
With felon-look, and with face despiteous;
Then suddenly down from his horse he start,
And thro' his palace, with a swollen heart,
To chamber went.'

"The love-worn Arcite, who, from the weakness of his spirits, bursts into tears if he heard song or instrument about the house.' Shakspeare himself could not have surpassed this for the intensity of its truth.

"To take a humorous picture, yet no less vivid: the Pardoner, describing himself preaching, says,

"Then pain I me to stretchen forth my neck, And east and west upon the people I beck, As doth a dove sitting upon a barn.' "Here is the full length of a friar in one line:'Fat as a whale, and walked as a swan.' "Chanticleer, the herald of the dawn, is thus shortly, yet sufficiently described:

But when the cock, common astrologer,
'Gan on his breast to beat, and after crow.'

"It were an easy, and a pleasant task too, to go on multiplying examples of this great poet's accurate eye in description; after that, as many more might be cited of his humour, and keen satire; and a moderate volume would scarcely contain all the strokes of passion and tenderness with which his poems abound. The story of Troilus and Cressida

alone, for profound feeling, would honour any poet that ever breathed. Every scene-where the lovers themselves are concerned-is redolent with sighs of such sweet breath' as the following. Cressida is absent from her lover, but has promised to return

to him in a month :

'And every night, as was his wont to do,
He stood, the bright moon shining to behold,
And all his sorrow to the moon he told,
And said surely when thou art horned new
I shall be glad-if ALL THE WORLD be true." "

How beautiful the thought! to make his love the whole world, and the whole world to be absorbed in the one idea of his love.

"It is needless to say that the above hasty references (single stones exhibited for samples of the complete magnificent structure) have not been ad

dressed to the intimate acquaintance of Chaucer: the design of the present little volume will be con. sidered by such readers; and therefore that they are quoted for the sole purpose of inducing the young and the tasteful, to whom his poems are as yet a sealed book,' to prepare themselves for many an hour of delight and wonder. The obsolete dialect and antiquated spelling will for a time be sore stumbling blocks to their progress; but these overcome, great will be their reward."

After this quotation, it is hardly necessary to disabuse the reader as to the character and design which Mr. Clarke modestly attributes to his book. We can confidently assure such as may be deterred from noticing it, by seeing that it is "designed chiefly for the use of young persons;" that there is no class of readers who may not peruse it with interest and profit. It is one of the most graceful paraphrases we have ever met with; and, above all, it furnishes a key that unlocks those poetical treasures, which, from the obsoleteness of their dialect, have so long been a sealed book to all, except the initiated. We have perused the volume with the highest interest, and most cordially and confidently recommend it.

REVIEW.-Illustrations of Political Economy: Berkeley the Banker, Part II, THIS Part points out the evils arising from an arbitrary action on the currency, the value of paper as a circulating medium, and the inducements to forgery held out by a contraction of its circulation. The character of Hester, who is employed by her husband to pass the notes he had forged, is admirably drawn, and well sustained. Not having seen the former part of the tale, we can venture no opinion on its merits.

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AFTER much contradictory rumour and conjecture, respecting the unexampled enterprise of this gallant officer, we can at length offer an authorized account of the circumstances, by republishing the following interesting letter, addressed to Captain the Hon. George Elliot, and inserted in the Times newspaper of Thursday, October the 21st:

On board the Isabella, of Hull, Baffin's Bay, Sept., 1833. Sir,-Knowing how deeply my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty are interested in the advancement of nautical knowledge, and particularly in the improvement of geography, I have to acquaint you, for the information of their lordships, that the expedition, the main object of which is to

solve, if possible, the question of a northwest passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, particularly by Prince Regent's In let, and which sailed from England in May, 1829, notwithstanding the loss of the fore mast, and other untoward circumstances, which obliged the vessel to refit in Greenland, reached the beach on which his majesty's late ship Fury's stores were landed on the 13th of August.

We found the boats, provisions, &c., in excellent condition, but no vestige of the wreck. After completing in fuel and other necessaries, we sailed on the 14th, and on the following morning rounded Cape Garry, where our new discoveries commenced, and, keeping the western shore close on board, ran down the coast in a S.W. and W. course, in from 10 to 20 fathoms, until we had passed the latitude of 72° north, in longitude 94° west; here we found a considerable inlet leading to the westward, the examination of which occupied two days; at this place we were first seriously obtructed by ice, which was now seen to extend from the south cape of the inlet, in a solid mass, round by S. and E. to E N.E.: owing to this circumstance, the shallowness of the water, the rapidity of the tides, tempestuous weather, the irregularity of the coast, and the numerous inlets and rocks for which it is remarkable, our progress was no less dangerous than tedious; yet we succeeded in penetrating below the latitude of 70° north, in longitude 92° west, where the land, after having carried us as far east as 90°, took a decided westerly direction, while land, at the distance of 40 miles to southward, was seen extending east and west. At this extreme point, our progress was arrested, on the 1st of October, by an impenetrable barrier of ice. We, however, found an excellent wintering port, which we named Felix Harbour.

Early in January, 1830, we had the good fortune to establish a friendly intercourse with a most interesting consociation of natives, who, being insulated by nature, had never before communicated with strangers; from them we gradually obtained the important information that we had already seen the continent of America, that about 40 miles to the S.W. there were two great seas, one to the west, which was divided from that to the east by a narrow strait or neck of land. The verification of this intelligence either way, on which our future operations so materially depended, devolved on Commander Ross, who volunteered this service early in April, and, accompanied by one of the mates, and guided by two of the natives, proceeded to the spot, and found

that the north land was connected to the south by two ridges of high land, 15 miles in breadth; but, taking into account a chain of fresh-water lakes, which occupied the valleys between, the dry land which actually separates the two oceans is only five miles. This extraordinary isthmus was subsequently visited by myself, when Commander Ross proceeded minutely to survey the sea coast to the southward of the isthmus leading to the westward, which he succeeded in tracing to the 99th degree, or to 150 miles of Cape: Turnagain of Franklin, to which point the land, after leading him into the 70th degree of north latitude, trended directly during the same journey, he also surveyed 30 miles of the adjacent coast, or that to the north of the isthmus, which, by also taking a westerly direction, formed the termination of the western sea into a gulf. The rest of this season was employed in tracing the seacoast south of the isthmus leading to the eastward, which was done so as to leave no doubt that it joined, as the natives had previously informed us, to Ockullee, and the land forming Repulse Bay. It was also determined that there was no passage to the westward for 30 miles to the northward of our position.

This summer, like that of 1818, was beautifully fine, but extremely unfavourable for navigation; and our object being now to try a more northern latitude, we waited with anxiety for the disruption of the ice, but in vain, and our utmost endeavours did not succeed in retracing our steps more than four miles, and it was not until the middle of November that we succeeded in cutting the vessel into a place of security, which we named Sheriffs' Harbour." I may here. mention that we named the newly-discovered continent, to the southward, " Boothia," as also the isthmus, the peninsula to the north, and the eastern sea, after my worthy friend, Felix Booth, Esq., the truly patriotic citizen of London, who, in the most disinterested manner, enabled me to equip this expedition in a superior style.

1

The last winter was in temperature nearly equal to the means of what had been experienced on the four preceding voyages; but the winters of 1830 and 1831 set in with a 1!! degree of violence hitherto beyond record, the thermometer sunk to 92 degrees below the freezing point, and the average of the year was 10 degrees below the preceding; but, notwithstanding the severity of the summer, we travelled across the country to the west sea by a chain of lakes, 30 miles. north of the isthmus, when Commander. Ross succeeded in surveying 50 miles more of the coast leading to the N.W., and, by

tracing the shore to the northward of our position, it was also fully proved that there could be no passage below the 71st degree.

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severe winters hitherto recorded; our sufferings, aggravated by want of bedding, clothing, and animal need not be dwelt

This autumn, we succeeded in getting upon. Mr. the carpenter, was

the vessel only 14 miles to the northward, and as we had not doubled the Eastern Cape, all hope of saving the ship was at an end, and put quite beyond possibility by another very severe winter; and having only provisions to last us to the 1st of June, 1833, dispositions were accordingly made to leave the ship in her present port, which (after her) was named Victory Harbour. Provisions and fuel being carried forward in the spring, we left the ship on the 29th of May, 1832, for Fury Beach, being the only chance left of saving our lives: owing to the very rugged nature of the ice, we were obliged to keep either upon or close to the land, making the circuit of every bay, thus increasing our distance of 200 miles by nearly onehalf; and it was not until the 1st of July that we reached the beach, completely exhausted by hunger and fatigue.

A hut was speedily constructed, and the boats, three of which had been washed off the beach, but providentially driven on shore again, were repaired during this month; but the unusual heavy appearance of the ice afforded us no cheering prospect until the 1st of August, when, in three boats, we reached the ill-fated spot where the Fury was first driven on shore, and it was not until the 1st of September we reached Leopold South Island, now established to be the N.E. point of America, in latitude 73° 56', and longitude 90° west. From the summit of the lofty mountain on the promontory, we could see Prince Regent's Inlet, Barrow's Strait, and Lancaster Sound, which presented one impenetrable mass of ice, just as I had seen it in 1818. Here we remained in a state of anxiety and suspense, which may be easier imagined than described. All our attempts to push through were vain; at length, being forced by want of provisions and the approach of a very severe winter, to return to Fury Beach, where alone there remained wherewith to sustain life; there we arrived on the 7th of October, after a most fatiguing and laborious march, having been obliged to leave our boats at Batty Bay. Our habitation, which consisted of a frame of spars, 32 feet by 16 feet, covered with canvass, was during the month of November enclosed, and the roof covered with snow, from 4 feet to 7 feet thick, which, being saturated with water when the temperature was 15 degrees below zero, immediately took the consistency of ice, and thus we actually became the inhabitants of an iceberg during one of the most

the only man who perished at this beach; but three others, besides one who had lost his foot, were reduced to the last stage of debility, and only 13 of our number were able to carry provisions, in seven journeys of 62 miles each, to Batty Bay.

We left Fury Beach on the 8th of July, carrying with us three sick men, who were unable to walk, and in six days we reached the boats, where the sick daily recovered. Although the spring was mild, it was not until the 15th of August that we had any cheering prospect. A gale from the westward having suddenly opened a lane of water along shore, in two days we reached our former position, and from the mountain we had the satisfaction of seeing clear water almost directly across Prince Regent's Inlet, which we crossed on the 17th, and took shelter from a storm 12 miles to the east. ward of Cape York. The next day, when the gale abated, we crossed Admiralty Inlet, and were detained six days on the coast by a strong north-east wind. On the 25th, we crossed Navy Board Inlet, and on the following morning, to our inexpressible joy, we descried a ship in the offing, becalmed, which proved to be the Isabella, of Hull, the same ship which I commanded in 1818. At noon we reached her, when her enter-" prising commander, who had in vain search-" ed for us in Prince Regent's Inlet, after giving us three cheers, received us with every demonstration of kindness and hospitality which humanity could dictate. I ought to mention also that Mr. Humphrey, by landing me at Possession Bay, and subsequently on the west coast of Baffin's Bay, afforded me an excellent opportunity of concluding my survey, and of verifying my former chart of that coast.

I now have the pleasing duty of calling the attention of their lordships to the merits of Commander Ross, who was second in' the direction of this expedition. The labours of this officer, who had the departments of astronomy, natural history, and surveying, will speak for themselves in language beyond the ability of my pen; but they will be duly appreciated by their lordships, and the learned bodies of which he is a member, and who are already well acquainted with his acquirements.

My steady and faithful friend, Mr. Wil'liam Thom, of the Royal Navy, who was formerly with me in the Isabella, besides his duty as third in command, took charge of the meteorological journal, the distribu

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