-

against 15-Resumed debate on the question-The Union

opposed by Mr. St. John-Mr. Grey's speech in opposition

to it-Is answered by Mr. Dundas-Mr. Sheridan asserts

that, if a sovereignty does not rest in the people, the

House of Brunswick are usurpers-Adduces the revolution

of 1688 in support of his position-The revolution proved

to afford no sanction to such a principle-No appeal was

made to the people on that occasion · Mr. Sheridan's own

authority quoted to prove that the revolution was effected

in contradiction to the sentiments of a majority of the

people-Mr. Windham corrects a gross mistake on the

part of Mr. Sheridan-He ridicules the preposterous

notion of the sovereignty of the people-Reflections on that

subject-The House of Lords concur in the resolutions of

the Commons-They are carried up to the Thronę-

Curious specimen of British philanthropy-Resolutions

transmitted to Ireland-Irish Parliament prorogued—

Renewal of the discussions on the Union in 1800-The

Catholics of Dublin pass resolutions against the Union-

The Irish Parliament meet-Motion of Sir Lawrence

Parsons, deprecating an Union, rejected by a majority of

forty-two-Message from the Viceroy, recommending

an Union to the consideration of Parliament-Lord Cas-

tlereagh's speech, in support of the measure-Proposes a

compensation for the loss of Parliamentary interest

-Thoughts on the subject-Contends that nothing but an

Union can establish the security of the Protestant

Church in Ireland-Remarks on the effect of the Union

on the question of Catholic emancipation-Mistatement

respecting the relative numbers of Protestants and Roman-

ists corrected-No pledge nor promise made by Mr. Pitt, or

by his authority,to support the Catholic claims- The whole

of the British Cabinet of that day appealed to in support of

this fact-The Union most violently opposed by Mr. Grattan

He devotes the British Minister to "an immortality

of eternal infamy"-His speech aptly characterized by an

absentee-Specimen of Mr. George Ponsonby's eloquence

-He pronounces the House of Commons to be mad,

and expresses his fears of being bitten-Sir John Parnell

moves an address to the King, to dissolve the Parliament

-The motion rejected by the House-Decision in favour

of an Union carried by 158 votes against 115 The Irish

House of Commons defended from the charge of incon-

sistency on this question-Debates on the same subject,

in the Irish House of Lords-Lord Clare's speech-The

Union voted by a large majority-The King's message to

the British Parliament, communicating the Irish resolu-

tions-Debates on the question-Mr. Pitt's speech-

Explains his sentiments on the subject of Parliamentary

Reform, and his reasons for the change which had taken

place in his opinions on that question-Moves an address

to the King-Mr. Grey opposes the address-Mr. Pitt's

reply-The address carried in both Houses, and the

Union finally determined.

CHAPTER XLIV.

Transactions in Egypt after the battle of the Nile-Means

adopted by Buonaparté for securing his conquest-Blasphe-

mous proclamations an essential part of his moral artillery

-Converts the koran of Mahomet into a code of Jacobin-

ism-Holds a divan, and establishes an Institute at Grand

Cairo-Insurrection in that city-Buonaparté resolves to

besiege St. John of Acra-Jaffa taken by assault-Delibe-

rate murder of three thousand eight hundred Turkish pri

soners within a mile of the town - Reasons assigned for

this barbarous deed-Orders five hundred and eighty of his

own sick soldiers to be poisoned in the hospital at Jaffa-

Noble conduct of a French physician on that occasion-

Blasphemous letter of Buonaparté to Ghezzar Pacha,

Governor of Acra-Arrival of Sir Sidney Smith with some

British vessels at Acra-The French lay siege to the place

-Their train of artillery taken by the British ships-

Various ineffectual assaults on the town-Gallant conduct

of the British Admiral The French make some practi-

cable breaches in the walls-Various ineffectual assaults on

the town-Strong mark of Ghezzar's attachment to the

English-A Turkish reinforcement arrives-The Turks,

led on by the English, repulse the French on all sides—

Treachery of Buonaparté-He abandons the siege and

returns to Egypt- Prefers a charge of cruelty against Sir

Sidney Smith-Its falsehood demonstrated-Communica-

tion between Buonaparté and Tippoo Sultaun-Projects of

Tippoo for the extirpation of the British tom India-His

treaty with the French-Wisdom, vigour, and decision,

displayed by Lord Mornington, Governor-General of India,

in counteracting the machinations of the enemy-Entrance

of the British army into the Mysore-Capture of Seringa-

patam-Death of Tippoo-Buonaparté deserts his post

in Egypt, and returns to France-State of the French army

at the period of his departure-Flsehoods contained in

his valedictory address to his troops-His Letter to Kleber

-Military operations on the Continen o Europe-Rela-

tive force of the hostile armies-The French enter Suabia

without any previous declaration of war-Military opera-

tions in Germany-In the country of the Grisons-And

in the Tyrol-The Arch. ke Charles compels General

Jourdan to evacuate Suabia-The French expelled from the

Grisons-Actions in Switzerland-The Archduke attacks

the French position before Zurich- Desperate engagement

-Massena evacuates the post-Operations in I ay-Suc-

cessive defeats of the French, under Scherer, by Generals

Kaim and Kray-Battle near Verona, gai ed by the Aus-

trians-Retreat of the French beyond th Mincio-Arrival

}

of Marshal Suworrow, with 20,000 Russians-Defeats the

French on the Adda-The allies enter Milan-Moreau,

who has succeeded Scherer, falls back upon Turin-Loss

of the French from the commencement of the campaign

-Moreau's head quarters at Coni-The allies enter Turin

and besiege the citadel-General Macdonald, with the

army of Naples, arrives in Tuscany---Endeavours to form

a junction with Moreau---Is defeated with great loss, ́ and

returns to Tuscany---Force of the Allies at this period---

Macdonald again evacuates Tuscany, and joins Moreau---

Surrender of Alexandria to the Allies---Mantua capitu-

lates---The French, under Joubert, seek to raise the siege

of Tortona---Battle of Novi---Suworrow attacks the

French in a most advantageous position---Is repulsed

three different times---General Joubert killed---Skilful

manœuvre of General Melas---The French position car-

ried---Great loss sustained by the French in this action---

Suworrow departs for Switzerland---Arrival of General

Korsakow and a Russian army in Switzerland---Strange

conduct of the Archduke Charles-Mysterious policy of

the Austrian cabinet---The Archduke leaves Switzerland,

at the moment when his success was certain---The Russians

and Austrians defeated by Massena---General Hoetze killed

---The Russians, under Korsakow, evacuate Switzerland---

Perilous situation of Suworrow---Massena marches against

him---Suworrow defeats the French in different actions---

Makes good his retreat to Germahy---Object of the cam-

paign frustrated by the unprincipled conduct of Austria---

British expedition against Holland---The first division of

the army lands at the Helder---Surrender of the Dutch

fleet to Admiral Mitchell---Arrival of the Russian auxi-

liaries in Holland---The Duke of York takes the command

of the allied force---The Allies advance---Defeat the

French and Dutch in different engagements---Misconduct

of the Russians, in two of the actions---The Allies

resolve to evacuate the country---Reflections on their

situation---Their means of obtaining the most favourable

terms---Convention concluded with the French General

---Its conditions considered---The British troops with-

drawn from Holland---The Dutch colony of Surinam

surrendered to the British.

CHAPTER XLV.

French Affairs---Unconstitutional proceedings of the Directory

---They violate the Elective Franchise---Annul the

returns of their Opponents in the two Councils---Propose

to confiscate the Property of the transported Legislators---

Manly speech of Rouchon on the Question---Charges the

attempt with exceeding in cruelty the ferocious deeds

of Heliogabalus and Nero---Defends the Exiles, on the

ground that they had been condemned without Trial---

Riot in the Council---Rouchon hooted out of the Hall--

Proposal of the Directory adopted---False accusations of

England by the Directory---Misrepresent the Battle of

the Nile---They are hated by the People---Are all turned

out of office, except Barras---The Abbè Sieyes one of the

new Directory---Forms the plan of a new Revolution---

Buonaparte's return to France entirely his own act---

Strange conduct of the Directory towards him---Confe-

rence between Sieyes, Bounaparté, and Roederer---

The Councils removed to Saint Cloud---The command

of the armed force given to Buonaparté---Barras resigns

his seat in the Directory---Infidelity of the Directo-

rial Guard---Buonaparté enters the Council of Elders.

---Is questioned as to his views---Reviles the Coun-

cil-His speech---Remarks on it---He harangues the

Troops, and excites them to revolt---Proceedings in the

Council of Five Hundred---The members take a new oath

of fidelity to the Constitution---Buonaparté enters their