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Hall---An universal clamour ensues---An attempt is made
to stab him with a dagger---He is rescued by the Grena-
diers---Conduct of Lucien Buonaparté, President of the
Council of Five Hundred---Speech of Tallot---The Mem-
bers are expelled from their Hall by the Troops, with
fixed bayonets---The Council of Elders declare them-
selves the entire Legislative Body---Memorable speech of
Boulay de la Meurthe---The Constitution annihilated, and
a Consular Government established---New oath adminis-
tered to all Public Officers---Reflections on the constant vio
lation of oaths by the French-Buonaparté made (by him-
self) First Consul---Meeting of the British Parliament
---Means taken for recruiting the Army---Supplies voted
for Three Months---Parliament adjourned for the Holidays
---Buonaparte's Letter to the King, on the subject of
Peace---Supposed object of it---Reasons for doubting the
Consul's sincerity---Lord Grenville's answer---The Con-
sul's reply---Talleyrand's falsehoods and contradictions
confuted by the declarations of his Brother Patriots,
Robespierre and Brissot---The subject discussed in Parlia-
ment---The Duke of Bedford and Lord Holland defend the
First Consul, and arraign the British Ministry---Conduct
of the Cabinet supported by Lord Grenville---Debates in
the Commons---Address moved by Mr. Dundas---Oppo-
sed by Mr. Whitbread---Mr. Whitbread's errors corrected
by Mr. Canning---Mr. Erskine condemns the conduct of
Ministers---Mr. Pitt's speech-Confutes the arguments of
Mr. Erskine Takes a comprehensive view of the
question of aggression---Shews the arguments of Mr.
Erskine to have been extracted from his pamphlet,
which had been long since confuted---Mr. Pitt asserts the
rigid neutrality of this Country towards France previous to
the War---States the causes of the failure of the last nego-
tiation---Considers the conduct of France to the Powers of
the Continent---Describes the ruling principles of the
French Revolution---Delineates the Character and Con-
duct of Buonaparté---Proves the necessity of entering into
his personal character in the present disscussion---That
character affords no security for the observance of treaties
---Mr. Pitt combats the objections of Mr. Tierney---Mr.
Nicholl's observations on the scarcity of Corn answered
by Mr. Pitt---Mr. Pitt justifies the Cabinet against the
charge of Inconsistency, in having negotiated in 1797
with France, and in refusing to negotiate at the present
moment---He is answered by Mr. Fox---Address, appro-
ving of the conduct of Ministers, carried by 265 votes
against 64---Subsidy to Foreign Powers---Opposed by Mr.
Tierney, Mr. Sheridan, and Mr. William Smith---Sup-
ported by Mr. Pitt---Granted by the House---Motion for
compelling Ministers to open a negotiation with France.
rejected by both Houses---The Budget---Motions relative
to the Dutch Expedition, by Lord Holland, and Mr. She-
ridan, negatived---Renewal of the Suspension Bill---Bill
for preventing the consumption of New Bread---Sir Henry
Mildmay introduced a Bill for preventing British Subjects
from taking the veil---Supported by Mr. Pitt---Opposed by
Mr. Windham---Observations on the conduct of Mr.
Burke's Friends on all subjects relating to the Papists---
Bill passes the Commons---Is rejected by the Lords---
Bill for preventing the marriage of an Adultress with the
object of her criminal Attachment, brought into the Upper
House by Lord Auckland---Debate on the subject---The
Bill supported by Lord Eldon, Lord Grenville, and most
of the Bishops---Opposed by the Duke of Clarence, Lords
Westmoreland and Mulgrave---Remarks on an extra-
ordinary passage in a Speech of the Duke of Clarence
---Thoughts on this Discussion.
VOL. VI.
1
CHAPTER XLVI.
Military operations on the Continent---Genoa surrenders to the
Austrians---Buonaparté enters Italy---Drives the Austrians
from Milan and Pavia---Unaccountable inactivity of the
Austrian Commander, General Melas---Battle of Maren-
go---The French defeated on every side---Battle restored
by a masterly manoeuvre of General Desaix-- Victory
finally declares for the French---Impatience of the Aus-
trian troops to attack the French the next morning---
Disgraceful Convention concluded by Melas--- Moreau
enters Germany and overruns Saxony---An Armistice---
Renewal of military operations in Germany---The Battle
of Hohenlinden--- Peace concluded at Luneville---By this
treaty the French realize the projects of Brissot and
Robespierre by extending their boundary to the Rhine---
Affairs of Egypt --Treaty of El Arish--- Kleber assas-
sinated---He is succeeded in the command of the Army
by Menou---State of Public Affairs at the close of the
eighteenth century---View of Mr. Pitt's policy--- Con-
siderations on the probable state of the country had a
different system of policy been pursued--- The argument
illustrated by a reference to the actual state of those
powers who had procured peace with France---The origin
of the war, its progress, and its partial failure, considered
in relation to Mr. Pitt's conduct--- Effect of the war upon
England beneficial on the whole---Scarcity of Corn---
Reflections on its causes---War proved not to increase the
price of Corn-- Popular commotions in the Capital---
Parliament convened---The King's Speech-- Legislative
measures adopted for averting the effects of the scarcity---
Wise principles of political economy entertained by Mr.
Pitt---Mr. Tierney moves an inquiry into the State of the
Nation---Motion rejected by one hundred and fifty-seven
to thirty-seven----Principles avowed by the Northern
powers---Incompatible with the maritime greatness and
commercial interests of Great Britain---Contrary to the
established Law of Nations---Meeting of the Imperial
Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland---New title assumed by the King---Reflections on
the abandonment of the old title of King of France---
Mr. Addington again elected Speaker of the House of
Commons---Difference between the King and his Minis-
ters on the Catholic Question---Mr. Pitt's former decla-
rations on this subject referred to---Remarks on the
conditions which Mr. Pitt had declared to be necessary
for the adoption of the proposed measure---These condi-
tions shewn not to exist---No pledge given by Mr. Pitt to
the Irish Papists to bring forward the Question of giving
them further indulgences---Mr. Dundas commissioned to
open the matter to the King---Result of the conference---
Examination of the arguments in favour of the Question
---The Coronation Oath---The King complete master of
the subject---Refuses to yield his conscience to the force
of metaphysical subtleties---His Majesty resolutely rejects
the proposal of his Ministers---Mr. Pitt a sincere friend to
the Established Church---Remarks on the new Test, which
he meant to introduce as a substitute for the existing Test---
Its efficacy denied--- Mr. Pitt deceived as to the Catholic
Question---Inefficacy of the proposed measure maintained---
That measure at variance with the general principle of Mr.
Pitt's policy---Probable cause of his conduct on this occasion
---Reflections on the imputed change in the principles of
modern Papists---Existence of such change disproved by the
pastoral letter of Dr. Troy---The fourth Council of Late-
ran imposes obligations on a Papist incompatible with
his duty to a Protestant Government--- The Papists of
Ireland should have been called upon to renounce the prin-
ciples contained in the decrees of that Council---Distinction
drawn between toleration and encouragement--- Mr. Pitt
and his principal colleagues tender their resignations to the
King; but offer to remain in place till a new Ministry is
*formed---The Imperial Parliament opened by the King---
Speech from the Throne---Debate on the Address in the
House of Commons--- Speech of Mr. Grey-- His senti-
ments incompatible with the principles of the Old Whigs
--Ministers defended by Mr. Pitt---Address carried---
Lord Grenville, in the House of Peers, avows the Catho-
lic Question to be the cause of the change of the Ministry
---Mr. Pitt opens the Budget---Takes a view of the pros-
perous state of the Country--- New Ministry- Mr. Ad-
dington, Premier--- Mr. Pitt and his friends promise to
support the new Ministers---General character of the new
Administration---Mr.Pitt and Mr.Dundas explain their con-
duct in the House of Commons---Papers circulated among
the Papists of Ireland by Lord Cornwallis--- Animadver-
sions on these papers---General remarks on the conduct
of Mr. Pitt.
CHAPTER XLVII.
Progress of the disputes with the Northern Powers--Embargo
laid on all their ships in British harbours-The British
Envoys recalled from their courts-Plans of the confede-
rates-Seizure of Hamburgh by the Danes-The King
of Denmark a tool of Buonaparté-Hanover invaded by
Prussia-A British fleet passes the Sound-Battle of
Copenhagen-The King of Denmark abandons the
Northern Confederacy-Assassination of the Russian
Emperor, Paul-Accession of Alexander to the Throne
of Russia-Peace with the Northern Powers-A British
force lands in Egypt-Military operations in that country
-Battle of the 21st of March, 1801-Defeat of the
French-Death of Sir Ralph Abercrombie-General Hut-
chinson succeeds to the command of the army-Reduction
of Grand Cairo Capitulation of Alexandria - Final