Agreement. In the Answer unto the first Question, They do all agree, that it is not evident by Scripture, what a Sacrament is, but Mysterium, that is, a secret, or a hid thing.

2. Question.

What a Sacrament is by the Ancient Authors? Answers.

THE Ancient Doctors call a Sacrament, Sacræ rei Signum, viz. visibile Verbum, Symbolum, atque pactio qua sumus constricti.-Canterbury.

To the second; Of St. Augustin's words, this Description following of a Sacrament may be gathered; Sacramentum est invisibilis gratia, visibilis forma. And this thing, that is such visible form or sign of invisible Grace in Sacraments, we find in Scripture, altho we find not the word Sacrament, saving only in the Sacrament of Matrimony.-York.

To the second; I find in Authors this Declaration, Sacramentum et Sacræ rei signum. Also, Invisibilis Gratiæ Visibilis Forma. Also, Visibilis Forma Invisibilis Gratiæ imaginem gerens et causa existens. And of the verity and goodness of this Description or Declaration, I refer me to the Divines, better acquainted with this Matter than I am.-London.

I think that this word Sacrament, as it is taken of the Old Authors, hath divers and sundry significations, for sometimes it is extended to all holy Signs, sometimes to all Mysteries, sometimes to all Alegories, &c. -Rochester.

Thomas Waldensis, who writeth a solemn Work de Sacramentis, causeth me to say, that this word, Sacramentum in Communi, is defined of the Ancient Authors; who after that he had shewed how that Wycliff, and before him Berengarius hath said, that Augustine defineth Sacramentum thus; Sacramentum est sacrum Signum; and Signum in this wise, Signum est res præter speciem quam sensibus ingerit aliquid aliud ex se faciens in cogitationem venire. He himself, with Ancient Authors, as he saith, defineth it thus; Sacramentum est invisibilis Gratia visibilis Forma, vel, Sacramentum est Sacræ rei Signum: Both these Descriptions (saith he) be of the Ancient Fathers.-Carlile.

Sacramentum a vetustioribus, quemadmodum fert Hugo de S. Victore, et Thomas Aquinas, nondum reperiri definitum, nisi quod Augustinus, interdum vocet Sacramenta, Sacra signa aut signacula, interdum similitudines earum rerum, quarum suut Sacramenta. Et Rabanus, Sacramentum dicitur, quod sub tegumento rerum corporalium, virtus Divina secretius salutem eorundem Sacramentorum operatur, unde et a secretis

The agreement, at the end of these Questions, is in Cranmer's hand.-Cott. Libr. Cleopatra, E. 5,

↑ De Doctrina Christiana.

virtutibus vel Sacris Sacramenta dicuntur.Dr. Robertson.

The Ancient Authors commonly say, That a Sacrament is, Sacræ rei Signum, or Sacrosanctum Signaculum; but they do not utterly and properly define what it is. Dr. Co1.

The Ancient Doctors take this word, Sacramentum, diversly, and apply it to many things. Dr. Day.

Ex Augustino et aliis colligitur, Sacramentum posse dici, Sacræ rei Signum, vel, invisibilis gratiæ visibilis Forma, quanquam hæc posterior definitio non conveniat omnibus Sacramentis, scil. tantum septem istis usitatis; sed nec his quoq; ex æquo, cum non æqualem conferant gratiam.— Dr. Oglethorpe.

Generally it is taken to signify every secret Mystery, and Sacramenta be called, Sa crarum rerum signa, or Sacru signacula: And as this word Sacrament particularly is attributed to the chief Sacraments of the Church, this definition of a Sacrament may be gathered of St. August. Invisibilis Gratiæ visibilis Ferma. And also that a Sacrament is a mystical or secret Work which consisteth ex Verbo et elemento. And Cyprian saith, Verborum solemnitus et sacri invocatio nominis, et signa institutionibus Apostolicis Sacerdotum Ministeriis Attributa, visibile celebrant Sacramentum, rem vero ipsam Spiritus Sanctus format et efficit.— Dr. Redmayn.

By the Ancient Authors, Sacramentum hath many significations, sometimes it is called a Secret Counsel. Tob. 12. Sacramentum Regis abscondere bonum est. Nebuchadnezar's Dream was called Sacramentum, Dan. 2. The Mystery of Christ's Incarnation, and of our Re demption, is so called, Ephes. 3. and 1 Tim. 3. So that every secret thing having some privy sense or signification, is called Sacramentum, generally extending the Vocable: Notwithstanding in one signification, Sacramentum accordeth properly to them that be commonly called the Seven Sacraments; and hath this definition taken of St. August. and others, Invisibilis gratiæ visibilis Forma, ut ipsius imaginem gerat et quodammodo causa existat.-Dr. Edgeworth.

The Ancient Authors of Divinity use this word Sacrament in divers significations, for they call it Mysterium; and so the Scripture useth it in many places, as 1 Tim. 3. Tobie 12. Wisd. 2. Dan. 2. Eph. 1. and 3. The word Sacrament is also used for a Figure or a Sign of the Old Testament, signifying Christ, as the Paschal Lamb, and the Brasen Serpent, and divers other Holy Signs. It is also taken of the Holy Authors, to be an Holy Sign, which maketh to the sanctification of the Soul, given of God against sin for our Salvation, as it may be gathered of them; for this word Sacrament is called by them, Sacrum Signum; but I have not read any express definition common to all Sacraments.-Dr. Symmons.

This word Sacrament, in the Ancient Authors, is ofttimes used in this general signi

fication, and so (as is before-said) it is a Mystery, or secret thing; and sometimes the same word is used as appliable only unto the Seven Sacraments; and is thus described, A visible Form of an invisible Grace: and thus also, a thing by the which, under the covering of visible things, the godly Power doth work our health. Dr. Tresham.

To the second, I say; That Hugo de Sancto Victore, is one of the most Ancient Authors that I ever could perceive, took upon him to defit or describe a Sacrament: Howbeit, I suppose, that this common description which the Schoolmen use, after the Master of the Sentences, viz. Sacramentum est invisibilis Gratiæ visibilis seu sensibilis Forma, may be gathered of St. Austin, and divers other Ancient Authors' words in many places of their Works. -Dr. Leyghton.

I do find no definition plainly set forth in old Authors, notwithstanding this definition, Invisibilis Gratia visibilis Forma, may be gathered out of St. Augustine.-Dr. Coren.

Con. In secundo Articulo conveniunt omnes, Sacramentum esse sacræ rei signum. Tresham, Oglethorpus, et Edgworth, dicunt hanc definitionem, Sacramentum est invisibilis gratiæ visibilis Forma, his septem convenire. Thurlebeus ait, non convenire omnibus septem, et æque pluribus posse attribui atq; septem.

Agreement. In the second they put many Descriptions of a Sacrament, as the sign of a holy Thing, a visible Word, &c. But upon this one definition, a Sacrament is a visible Form of invisible Grace, they do not all agree: for Doctors Edgworth, Tresham, and Oglethorpe say, That it is applicable only and properly unto the word Sacrament, as it signifieth the Seven Sacraments usually received." My Lord Elect of Westminster saith, That "it agreeth not unto all the Seven, nor yet more specially unto the Seven, than unto any other."

3. Question.

How many Sacraments there be by the Scripture?

Answers.

THE Scripture sheweth not how many Sacraments there be, but Incarnatio Christi and Matrimonium, be called in the Scripture Mysteria, and therefore we may call them by the Scripture Sacramenta. But one Sacramentum the Scripture maketh mention of, which is hard to be revealed fully, as would to God it were, and that is Mysterium Iniquitatis, or Mysterium Meretricis magna et Bestie.-Canterbury.

To the third; In Scripture we find no precise number of Sacraments.-York.

To the third; I find not set forth the express number, with express declaration of this many and no more nor yet of these expresly by Scripture which we use, especially under the name of Sacraments, saving only of Matrimony.-London,

Matrimo

Taking for Sacraments any thing, that this word, Sacramentum, doth signify, there be in Scripture a great number of Sacraments more than Seven.—Dr. Day.

Non habetur determinatust Sacramentorum numerus in Scripturis, sunt enim innumera fere illic, quæ passim vocantur Sacramenta; cum omnis allegoria, omneq; Mysterium, dicatur Sacramentum. Quin et somnia, ac seTobie creta, subinde Sacramenta vocantur. 2. Sacramentum Regis abscondere bonum est; et Dan. 2. Implorenus misericordias Dei Cœli super Sacramento isto, et somnio. Paulus etiam Epist. 2. vocat Mysterium Incaritationis Christi Sacramentum: Et in Apoc. 1 vocat Sacramentum septem Stellarum. Ac hoc præcipue observandum venit, nullum a septem Sacramentis, receptis hoc nomine ap. pellari, præter solum Matrimonium.-Dr. Oglethorpe.

As many as there be Mysteries, which be innumerable; but by Scripture, I think, the Seven which be named Sacraments, may principally bear the name.-Dr. Redmayn.

Speaking of Sacraments generally, they be innumerable spoken of in Scripture; but properly to speak of Sacraments, there be but Seven that may be so called, of which Matrimony is expresly called Sacramentum, Ephes. 5. and as I think, in the Germane and proper signification of a Sacrament; so that the indivisible knot of the Man and his Wife in one Body, by the Sacrament of Matrimony, is the Matter of this Sacrament; upon which, as on the literal verity the Apostle foundeth this allegorical saying. Ego autem dico in Christo et in Ecclesia; for the mystical sense presupposeth a verity in the Letter on which that is taken. Six more there be to which the definition doth agree, as manifestly doth appear by the Scriptures with the exposition of the Ancient Authors.-Dr. Edgeworth.

In the Scripture there is no certain number of Sacraments.-Dr. Symmo.

nec alias repeti necesse est salutiferum Sacramentum, must needs be understood Penance, and also that Penance is a Sacrament: For as our first access to God is by the Sacrament Baptism, which Cyprian there following called Ablutionem primum; so if we fall by deadly sin, we cannot repetere God again, but by Penance; which repeting (i. e.) Penance, Cyprian calleth Salutiferum Sacramentum. Dr. Treshum.

To the fourth, I say; That I find in ancienter Authors, every one of these seven, which we call commonly Sacraments, called Sacramentum; as in Austin every one of them is called Sacramentum but only Penance, which Cyprian calleth Sacramentum. Also I find in the ancienter Authors divers other things (besides the seven) called Sacraments, as Lotio Pedum in Cyprian, &c.--Dr. Leyghton. More Sacraments be found in old Authors than Seven.-Dr, Coren.

Con.—In quarto conveniunt, plura esse Sacramenta quam septem apud Authores: Redman addit; But the seven, by old Authors, may specially obtain the name. Idem putat Edgworth, and Tresham. Lotio pedum, he thinketh were better to be renewed, and so made eight Sacraments, than the number of the seven to be diminished. Treshamus citat Cyprianum in Serm. de Passione Christi pro panitentia, quod dicatur Sacramentum, cum alii fere omnes nusquam appellari aiunt Sacramentum, apud Authores, et hic locus aperte agit de Bap. tismo, quod vocat donum ablutionis, et Sacramentum Salutiferum.

Agreement.--In the fourth they agree, That there is no deterininate number of Sacraments spoken of in the old Authors; but that my Lord of York, and Edgworth, Tresham, Redman, Crayford, and Simmons, say, That those seven, by old Authors, may specially obtain the name of Sacraments. The Bishop of St. Davids saith, That there be but four Sacraments in the old Doctors most chiefly spoken of, and they be Baptism, the Sacrament of the Altar, Matrimony, and Pennance.

I KNOW no cause why this word, Sacrament, should be attributed to the seven only; for the old Authors never prescribed any certain number of Sacraments, nor in all their Books I never read these two words joined together, vis. septem Sacramenta.-Canterbury. To the fifth; To the first part of this Question, this word, Sacrament, is used and applied in Scripture, to some things that be none of the seven Sacraments. To the second part; The seven Sacraments be found in some of the ancient Authors.-York.

To the fifth, I answer; That this word, Sacrament, in our Language commonly hath been attributed to the seven customably called Sacraments, not for that yet, that the word Sacrament cannot be applied to any more, but for that the seven have been specially of very long and ancient season received, continued and taken for things of such sort.London.

I think that the name of a Sacrament, is and may be attributed to more than seven, and that all the seven Sacraments be found in the old Authors, though all peradventure be not found in one Author. But I have not read Pennance called by the name of a Sacrament in any of them.-Rochester.

Certain it is, that this word Sacrament, neither is nor ought to be attributed to seven only, for both Scripture and ancient Authors otherwise applieth it, but yet nothing letteth, but that this word Sacrament may most especially, and in a certain dne preheminence, be applied to the seven Sacraments, of most ancient name and usage among Christian Men. And that the ancient Authors have so used and applied it, affirmeth the said Thomas Walden, convincing Wycliffe and Berengarius who enforced the contrary, from Cyprian, and also Augustine, with other holy Doctors, they may so well be gathered.Carlile.

Vocabulum, Sacramenti, in Sacris Literis, nulli Sacramentorum quod sciam tribuitur, nisi Matrimonio: a vetustis Scriptoribus tribuitur Ceremoniis et umbris legis, Incarnationi Christi, figuris, allegoriis, et festivitatibus: Apud Paulum legitur divinitatis, voluntatis divinæ, et pietatis Sacramentum. Cæterum loquendo de Sacramentis his, quæ sunt invisibilis gratiæ collatæ in Ecclesia Christi visibilia signa, opinor non plura quam septem inveniri, hisq; magis proprie quam reliquis, sub hac ratione, tribui nomen Sacramenti.Dr. Robertson.

This word Sacrament is not, nor ought not to be attributed to these seven only. Those that we call seven Sacraments, be found in old Authors, although some of them be seldom found called by this name Sacrament.-Dr. Cor.

This word, Sacramentum, neither is, nor ought to be so attributed unto these seven, but that it is, and may be attributed to many more things, and so the ancienter Doctors use it. The seven Sacraments be found in ancient Doctors under the name of Sacrament, saving that I remember not that I have read in them Pennance called a Sacrament.-Dr. Day.

Nomen commune est multis aliis rebus, quam septem istis usitatis Sacramentis. Septem Sacramenta, seorsim et sparsim reperiuntur in veterum monumentis.-Dr. Oglethorpe.

To the seven specially and principally, and in general to innumerable more. But I cannot tell whether in any old Author might be found these two words, seven Sacraments, or this number limited; but every one of the