tiades) king of Ithaca; AJAX, the fon of Telamon, king of Salamis, and his brother TEUCER; DIOMEDES, the fon of Tydeus, (Tydides) king of Argos in Etolia; NESTOR, the fon of Neleus, (Nelides) king of Pylos and Mefsenia, with his fon ARCHILŎCHUS; PALAMEDES, the fon of Nauplius, (Naupliădes,) king of Euboca; IDOMENEUS and MERIONES from Crete; PHILOCTETES, the fon of Paan, from Melibea; EŪMĒLUS, the fon of Admetus, from Perrhæbia, and Eurypilus from Orchoměnus or Ormenius, all three from Theffaly; THOAS, the son of Andrēmon, from Etolia; MACHAON, the fon of Efculapius, and his brother Podalirius, both remarkable for their fkill in phyfic; Sthenělus: Theffandrus, Epeus, the framer of the Trojan horfe; Athamas and Thoas; Calchas, the augur, the fon of Theftor, (THESTORIDES), &c.

The reftitution of Helena having been refufed by Priam, Herodot. i. 2. & 3. these chiefs fet fail for Troy, which they took after a fiege of ten years. During the war Menelaus behaved with great bravery. The conduct of Helen is differently represented; by the Roman writers, ufually in an unfavourable light. Hence flie is called by Horace, Lacana adultera, od. iii. 3. 25. and infamis, epod. 17. 42. After the death of Paris, who was flain by Philoctetes, Hygin. 112. fhe married DEIPHŎBUS, the brother of Paris, whom the betrayed to Menelaus, the night in which Troy was taken, Virg. En. vi. 525. by whom his body was dreadfully mangled, Ib. 509.-530. to which Horace alludes, od. iv. 9. 22. After this the feems to have fled to the temple of Vesta for protection, Ib. i. 567. But commentators differ about the manner of reconciling these two paffages; fome think the latter an interpolation. Helena returned to Sparta with Menelaus, Paufan. x. 25. who is faid to have wandered over many countries in his way home, Strab. i. 38. &c. among the rest to have gone to Egypt, Ib. on the coaft of which, Herodotus fays, that Paris was driven in failing from Sparta with Helen; and that she was detained there by Proteus the king of that country, who, after the deftruction of Troy, restored her to Menelaus, ii. 112. &c. A temple was confecrated to Menelaus, near the place where he and Helen were buried, Paufan. iii. 19.; but there are different accounts about her death. Some fay, that being expelled from Sparta after the death of Menelaus, by his illegitimate fons and fucceffors Nicoftrătus and Megapenthes, the retired to Rhodes, where he was put to death by order of Polyxo, the widow of Tlepolemus, queen of that ifland, because fhe had loft her husband in the Trojan' war, which Helen had excited, lbid.

After

After the expulfion of Tifamenes, the fon of Oreftes, by the Heraclidæ, fee p. 408. EURYSTHENES and PROCLES, the fons of Ariftodemus, fprung from Hercules, fhared the fovereignty at Lacedæmon, and, from their time, the fceptre always continued to be jointly fwayed by two kings of their defcendants. Euryphenes was fucceeded by his fon Agis, from whom all the descendants of that line were called AGIDE; thofe of the other line were called EURYTIONIDE, from Eurytion, the grandfon of Procles.

IV. FABULOUS HISTORY of CORINTH, ELIS, and ARCADIA.

S sod of the winds, but of a king of Theffaly, Apolloder. i. 7.

ISYPHUS, the fon of õlus (lides), (not of Æolus the

3.; Serv. in Virg. vi. 585.) is faid to have been the first king of Corinth, Paufan. ii. 1. & 3. He was remarkable for his cunning and his robberies, on which account he was flain by Theseus, king of Athens. His punishment in the infernal regions, was to roll a large ftone up a mountain, which, when it reached the top, always rolled back again to the foot; hence he is faid to be condemned to eternal labour, Horat. ii. 14. 19.; Homer Odyf. xi.; Ovid. Met. xiii. 26.; Hygin. 60.; Cic. Tufc. i. 5. & 41.

Sifyphus was fucceeded by his fon CREON; hence Sifyphia opes, the riches of Creon, Ovid. ep. xii. 204.

SALMONEUS, the king of Elis, was brother to Sisyphus, Apollodor. i. 7.3. He claimed divine honours from his fubjects. To imitate the thunder of Jupiter, he conftructed a brazen bridge, over which he used to ride in his chariot, darting torches and firebrands among the people in imitation of lightning. But Jupiter provoked at fuch impiety, struck him with a thunderbolt, and hurled him headlong to the infernal regions, where he was placed near his brother, Virg. Æn. vi. 585. -595.; Hygin. 61.; Diodor. iv. 68.; Apollodor, i. 9. 7.

The first king of Arcadia was PELASGUS, whence the country was anciently named PELASGIA, Paufan. viii. 1. His fon LYCAON fucceeded, who built the city LYCOSURA, on mount Lycaus. He called Jupiter by the name of LYCEUS, and inftituted a festival in honour of him, called Lycaa or LuPERCALIA. Lycaon was contemporary with Cecrops, king of Athens; but, as Paufanias fays, greatly inferior to him in the knowledge

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knowledge of divine things. For Cecrops was the first who called Jupiter SUPREME or the Higheft, and offered to him only the fruits of the earth. But Lycaon facrificed not only other animals, but also human victims; on which account he is reported to have been changed into a wolf, Ib. 2. The wickedness of men is faid to have been fo great in the time of this king, that Jupiter defcended from heaven to examine every thing himself under a human form. He came to the house of Lycaon; who, to try his divinity, fet before him the flesh of a human body. Jupiter deftroyed the house with lightning, and turned Lycaon himself into a wolf, Ovid. Met. i. 211.239; Hygin. Aftr. ii. 4.

CALLISTO, the daughter of Lycaon, called alfo Hellice, having brought forth a fon to Jupiter, was by Juno changed into a bear. Her fon was named ARCAS; from whom the' country was called Arcadia, and the people Arcades. Arcas taught the Arcadians the art of making bread from corn, and cloaths from wool, Paufan. viii. 4. Arcas, while hunting, according to Ovid, was about to fhoot the bear into which his mother was metamorphofed. But Jupiter prevented it; and converted them both into contiguous conftellations; Callifto into URSA MAJOR, or, The greater Bear; called alfo temo piger, from the flowness of its motion, Stat. Theb. i. 371. and Arcas into ARCTOPHYLAX, or, The Keeper of the Bear, (glacialis portitor URSE, Stat. Theb. i. 693.) called alfo BÖOTES, Ovid. Met. ii. 409, &c.: Hygin. 177.; Aftron. ii. 4. near the north pole; hence LYCAONIUS AXIS, the north pole, Ovid. Trift. iii. 2. 2.

THE

V. FABULOUS HISTORY of ATTICA.

HE first king of Attica, according to Paufanias, i. 2. was ACTÆUS, from whom the country was called Acтæa, Ib. & Strab. ix. 391. whence Ataa arva, the country of Attica*, Ovid. Met. i. 313. But CECROPS is commonly

But the name of ACTA or Attica is commonly derived from Aflè, a narrow tract of country running along the fhore between the fea and the mountains, (áxo ru dytodai ra xuμata, quod ibi frangant fe unde), which was the cafe with a great part of Attica, Strab. ix. 391. whence Aca, the shore, Nep. Ages. 8.; Cic. Verr. v. 25. & 31.; Fam. ix. 6.; Virg. Æn. v. 613. and Servius fays, that Aracyntbus, a mountain in Baotia, has the epithet ACTEUS joined to it by Virgil, Eel. ii. 24. because it is near the fhore, (7. littoralis.) Put Adaus is. commonly put for Athenienfis in the poets, by whom only the word is used, Ovid. Met. ii. 554. 720. vii. 681. &c. 3 G

reckoned

reckoned the first king of Attica, from whom the inhabitants were called CECROPIDE, Herodot. viii. 44.; Virg. Æn. vi. 21.; Ovid. Met. vii. 670.; Stat. Theb. xii. 570. whence Cecropis, -idis, an Athenian woman, Juvenal. vi. 186. and Cecropius, Athenian, Horat. od. ii. 1. 12.; Virg. G. iv. 177.; Martial. xi. 43. Cecropia, fc. terra, i. e. Attica, Catull. 62. 79. & Terra Cecropis, Ovid. ep. x. 100. Juvenal ufes Cecropides for any perfon defcended from a very ancient family, viii. 46. & 53.

Cecrops is faid to have come from Sais in Egypt, Diodor. i. 28. about four hundred years before the Trojan war, or one thousand five hundred and eighty-two years before the Chriftian æra. He married the daughter of Actæus, Paufan. i. 2. He is represented as of two forms, (geminus, Ovid Met. ii. 555. biformis, Juftin. ii. 6.) half a man and half a ferpent; becaufe, as Juftin fays, he firft inftituted marriage, Ib. To him fome afcribe the introduction of letters into Greece, Tacit. Ann. xi. 14. He first induced the inhabitants of Attica, formerly scattered over the country, to live in small towns or boroughs, (Tonus,) Thucydid. ii. 15. The next king was CRANAUS, a native of the place; whofe daughter, ATTHIS, gave name to the country, Paufan. i. 2.; Strab. ix. 397. whence Atthides, Athenian women*, Stat. Theb. xii. 536. She married AMPHICTYON, who dethroned her father; and who, in his turn, was expelled by ERICHTHONIUS, the son of Vulcan, Paufan. ib. (proles fine matre creata,) according to the fable related, Ovid. Met. ii. 552.-565.; Hygin. 166.; Apollodor. iii. 14. 6. To him Virgil afcribes the invention of chariots, G. iii. 113. So Pliny, vii. 56. whence he was converted into a constellation, called AURIGA, the waggoner.

PANDION, his fon, fucceeded, whence Pandionius mons, the citadel of Athens, Stat. Theb. ii. 720.; Pandionia arces, Claudian. de rapt. Proferp. ii. 19. He formed an alliance with

* Attica was alfo called MOPSOPIA, from one Mopfops or Mopsopus, Strab. ix. 443.; hence MOPSOPIA URES, Athens, Ovid. ep. viii. 72.; IONIA, from Ion, the fon of Xutbus; and POSEIDONIA from Neptune; as Athens was denominated from the Greek name of Minerva, (A&nın;) Strab. ix. 397. So Terras a Paliade dictas linquit, leaves Athens, Ovid. Met. ii. 835. Hence Mopfopii muri, for Athens, Ovid. Met. vi. 423; and Mepfopius juvenis, for TRIPTOLEMUS, Ib. v. 661.; the fon of Celeus, the Chief of Eleulis, Paufan. i. 14.; Ovid. Faft. iv. 507.; Serv. in Virg. G. i. 19. who is faid to have been first taught hufbandry by Ceres, Ib. and to have communicated the knowledge of it to other nations, Paufan. viii. 4.; Cic. Herenn. iv. 6.; Tufc. i. 41.; Verr. iv. 4. Ceres is fuppofed to have come to Eleufis in queft of Proferpine, in the time of Cranaus; when the celebration of her myfteries was firft inftituted, 1b. and Paufan. ii. 14. called THESMOPHORIA, Hygin. 147. becaufe Ceres also first prefcribed laws, Ovid. Met. v. 343.; Dioder. i. 14. or because laws are the effect chiefly of agriculture. Juftin fays, Ceres came to Eleufis under the reign of Erechtheus, ii. 6. So Diodorus, i. 29.

TEREUS

TEREUS, king of Thrace, (hence called Odryfus tyrannus, Ovid. remed. am. 459.) to whom he gave his daughter Progrè or Procne, in marriage. Tereus offered violence to Philomela, the fifter of Progne, which Progne refenting, brought deftruction on all concerned, Paufan. i. 5.; Strab. ix. 423.--The poets relate, that Progne, anxious to fee her fifter, prevailed on Tereus to go and conduct her to Thrace; that he having offered violence to Philomela by the way, when the expreffed her indignation at the injury the had fuffered, he cut out her tongue, and fhut her up in a tower. Upon his arrival in Thrace, he told Progne that her fifter had died by the way. About a year after, Philomela having reprefented her fufferings on a piece of cloth, contrived to get it conveyed to Procne. She, difguifing her refentment, waited till the celebration of the festival of Bacchus, which was near at hand, when women were allowed an uncommon degree of liberty. Then, having liberated her fifter, and concerted with her the means of revenge, the killed her fon ITYS or Itylus, then fix years old, and caused him to be ferved up to his father at an entertainment. When in the midst of the feast, Tereus defired to fee Itys, Philomela fprang forth like a fury, and dafhed the bloody head of the boy in his face. While Tereus drew his fword to flay them, he was changed into a hoopoe or lapwing, (Epops ;) Philomela into a nightingale, Procne into a fwallow, and Itys into a pheasant, Paufan. x. 4.; Ovid. Met. vi. 424.-676.; Apollodor. iii. 14. 8. Hyginus tells this ftory differently, fab. 45. Pandion died of grief, Ovid. ib. 675. Thucydides fays this tragical scene happened in Daulia, a town of Phocis, which was then poffeffed by the Thracians. ii. 29; fo Paufanias, i. 41. Ovid calls Procne Cecropis ales, i. e. avis Athenienfis, Amor. iii. 12. 32. Statius makes both fifters swallows, and calls them Getica volucres, Thracian birds, from the country of Tereus, Theb. xii. 478.

ERECHTHEUS, the fon of Pandion, fucceeded, from whom the Athenians were called Erechthida, Ovid. Met. vii. 430. hence Erechthea arces, Athens, Ib. viii. 547. Herodotus fays, that under him they were first called Athenians, viii. 44. His daughter ORITHYIA married BOREAS, a king of Thrace, who was faid to have power over the winds, and whom the Athenians afterwards worthipped as the god of the north wind, Herodot. vii. 189. Ovid makes Boreas carry off Orithyia by force, Met. vi. 707.; fo Statius, Theb. xii. 630. Homer mentions a quite different story, Il. xx. 219, &c. Orithyia brought for h

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twins