to administer the sacrament to a thousand communicants; 1748 but, in other instances, his congregations were thin. He found Age 45 that antinomianism had made sad havoc; but the scattered troops began to unite again. He writes November 19: "Matters were in great confusion by reason of Mr. Cennick's going over to the Moravians"; and again on December 21: 66 I suppose not less than four hundred, through the practices of the Moravians, have left the Tabernacle. I have also been forsaken in other ways. I have not had above a hundred to hear me, where I had twenty thousand; and hundreds now assemble within a quarter of a mile of me, who never come to see or speak to me; though they must own, at the great day, that I was their spiritual father. All this I find but little enough to teach me to cease from man, and to wean me from that too great fondness which spiritual fathers are apt to have for their spiritual children." " No doubt, this was exceedingly distressing. But there was more than this to annoy the once popular preacher. Just at the time when Wesley got back to London, Whitefield set out for Scotland, where, on former occasions, he had won some of his greatest triumphs; but, now a synod of his old friends, the Seceders, met in Edinburgh, on November 16, to adopt the "new modelled scheme and covenant." Hundreds took the oath, and solemnly engaged to use all lawful means to extirpate, not only "popery, prelacy, Arminianism, Arianism, tritheism, and Sabellianism," but also "George Whitefieldism"; and similar decisions were adopted at the synods of Lothian, Ayr, and Glasgow.* And added to all this, there was another trouble of a different kind, in which Wesley was involved as well as Whitefield. Dr. Lavington was bishop of Exeter, and was a fervent hater of the Methodists. He had recently delivered a charge to the clergy of his diocese, and some mischievous person had published a piece, which falsely pretended to be the same as that which the bishop had addressed to his assembled ministers. This fictitious charge contained such a declaration 1 Whitefield's Works, vol. ii., p. 150. 1748 of doctrines as exposed Lavington to the stigma of a Age 45 Methodist, and produced several pamphlets in reply and congratulation. His lordship was enraged; and advertised, in the public papers, that the pamphlet which had been affiliated upon himself was false; that the Methodist leaders were the authors of the fraud; and that, though there might be among the Methodists a few well meaning, ignorant people, yet the sect, as a whole, were deluded enthusiasts, and their teachers something worse than that.1 Whitefield was accused as the principal, and the Wesleys were suspected as being his accomplices, in the spurious production. This was utterly untrue, but it occasioned Whitefield considerable annoyance. It so happened that the pamphlet had been sent to him in manuscript; but he denied its genuineness, and strongly condemned the injustice of its publication.2 Still, the bishop persisted in his accusation. Lady Huntingdon wrote to him, assuring him that Whitefield and the Wesleys were innocent, and demanded a candid and honourable retractation of the charges against them. Her letter was accompanied by an acknowledgment, on the part of the printer, that no one was to blame for the publication except himself; and, that he received the manuscript from one who had no connection with the Methodists. His lordship maintained a sullen silence. The countess wrote again, declaring that, unless Lavington complied with her request, she would make the transaction public. This extorted a recantation, and an apology "to her ladyship, and to Messrs. Whitefield and Wesley for the harsh and unjust censures which he had passed upon them, and a wish that they would accept his unfeigned regret for having unjustly wounded their feelings, and exposed them to the odium of the world."3 The prelate recanted and apologized; but, henceforth, he became the most bitter and implacable reviler that the Methodist leaders had; and, within two years, began to publish his ribald and infamous attack, entitled "The Enthusiasm of Methodists and Papists compared." 'Scots Magazine, 1748, p. 456. 2 Whitefield's Works, vol. ii., p. 190. 3 "Life and Times of Lady Huntingdon," vol. i., p. 96. Wesley's Unknown Friend. 25 Some good, however, arose out of this disreputable fracas. Among other pamphlets published, the following was one: "A Letter to the Right Rev. Father in God, George, Lord Bishop of Exeter. By a Clergyman of the Church of England." The writer states, that he has no acquaintance whatever with either Wesley or Whitefield; but he had read their books, and rejoiced in their revival of the grand old doctrine of justification by faith alone. He then proceeds to defend them against three accusations-1. That they had left the Church. 2. That they refused to be under political government. 3. That, though their preaching was right in the main, they were immethodical in their practice. The pamphlet is chiefly remarkable for its being a defence of the Methodists by a clergyman, who had no connection with the Wesleys. It breathes piety, but lacks power. Having spent a week in London, Wesley set out, on September 12, for Cornwall. He preached to a "multitude" near St. Stephen's Down, who were as silent as death, while he was speaking; but the moment he concluded, "the chain. fell off their tongues. Never," says he, "was such a cackling made on the banks of Cayster, or the common of Sedgmoor." The St. Just society consisted "of one hundred and fifty persons of whom more than a hundred were walking in the light of God's countenance." At Newlyn, his congregation were "a rude, gaping, staring rabble rout; some or other of whom were throwing dirt or stones continually." On his return, he examined the Bristol society, and "left out every careless person, and every one who wilfully and obstinately refused to meet his brethren weekly. By this means the number of members was reduced from nine hundred to about seven hundred and thirty." He got back to London on the 15th of October, and remained in town and its immediate neighbourhood till the year expired. A short excursion was made to Windsor and Wycombe, and also to Leigh. He likewise preached at Wandsworth, where a little company had begun to seek and to serve God, though the rabble had pelted them with dirt and stones, and abused both men and women in the grossest manner. His time, however, was partly occupied in writing. He had already formed the project of publishing "The Christian 1748 Age 45 1748 Library." Hence the following letter to Mr. Ebenezer Blackwell. Age 45 "NEWCASTLE, August 14, 1748. "DEAR SIR,-I have had some thoughts of printing, on a finer paper, and with a larger letter, not only all that we have published already, but it may be, all that is most valuable in the English tongue, in threescore or fourscore volumes, in order to provide a complete library for those that fear God. I should print only a hundred copies of each. Brother Downes would give himself up to the work; so that whenever I can procure a printing press, types, and some quantity of paper, I can begin immediately. I am inclined to think several would be glad to forward such a design; and if so, the sooner the better; because my life is far spent, and I know not how soon the night cometh wherein no man can work. "I am, dear sir, "Your affectionate brother and servant, 2 This was a bold design, which he began to execute in the ensuing year, and for which he was already preparing materials. Mr. Blackwell was a partner in a banking house in Lombard Street, London; and though, for his plain honesty, he was often called the "rough diamond," he was one of Wesley's kindest and most valuable friends. To his country house, at Lewisham, Wesley was accustomed to retire, when writing for the press. Here he found an asylum during his serious illness in 1754. To him, Blackwell was wont to entrust considerable sums of money, for distribution among the poor.3 Under such circumstances, no wonder that Wesley, with his small purse and large project, should submit his scheme to the London banker, for the purpose of ascertaining his willingness to help in its execution. Happy deaths among the Methodists were now not unfrequent. Wesley mentions several; and the sanctified muse of his brother Charles never attained to loftier poetic heights than when celebrating such events. There were, however, at the end of 1748, a number of deaths painful as well as pleasing. John Lancaster had been a regular attendant at the Foundery's five o'clock morning service, and had been converted; but, 1 Wesley's Works, vol. xii., p. 160. 2 Moore's Life of Wesley, vol. ii., p. 248. Conversion of a Batch of Convicts. 27 by degrees, had left off coming; and had rejoined his old 1748 companions, and fallen into sin. One day, when playing at Age 45 skittles, he became the accomplice of a thief, and soon after broke into the Foundery, and stole two of the chandeliers. In this instance, he escaped detection; but, emboldened by success, he proceeded to steal nineteen yards of velvet, the property of Mr. Powell; and, for this, was tried at the Old Bailey sessions, in the month of August, and was sentenced to be hanged. The poor wretch sent for Sarah Peters and some other of his old Methodist companions, to visit him in his cell. At the time, there were nine others in the same prison awaiting execution. Six or seven of them joined Lancaster and the Methodists in prayer, reading the Scriptures, and singing hymns. A pestilential fever was raging in the prison; but the visits were oft repeated. Lancaster professed to find peace with God. Thomas Atkins, a youth, nineteen years of age, condemned for highway robbery, said: "I bless God, I have laid my soul at the feet of Jesus, and am not afraid to die." Thomas Thompson, a horse stealer, exceedingly ignorant, was brought into the same state of mind. John Roberts, a burglar, at first utterly careless and sullen, became penitent and believing. William Gardiner, convicted of rape, said on his way to execution, " I have nothing to trust to but the blood of Christ! If that won't do, I am undone for ever." Sarah Cunningham, who had stolen a purse of twenty-seven guineas, at first went raving mad, but, in her lucid intervals, earnestly implored Christ to pity her. Samuel Chapman, a smuggler, seemed to fear neither God nor devil, but, after Sarah Peters. had talked to him, he began to cry aloud for mercy, was seized with the jail distemper, and was confined to his bed till carried to the gallows. Ten poor wretches, the above included, were executed at Tyburn, on October 28.2 Six of them spent their last night together, in continuous prayer; and, on Sarah Peters visiting them early in the morning, several of them exclaimed, with a transport not to be expressed, "O what a happy night we have had! What a blessed morning is this!" The turnkey said he had never seen such people before; and, when the 1 London Magazine, 1748, p. 426. • Ibid. 1748, p. 476. |