1766 Age 63 and then to each other. I find something wanting, and that is, a meeting now and then agreed upon, that you, your brother, Mr. Whitefield, and I should, at regular times, be glad to communicate our observations upon the general state of the work. Light might follow, and would be a kind of guide to me, as I am connected with many. "Pray, when you have leisure, let me hear from you, and believe me most faithfully your affectionate friend, "S. HUNTINGDON.”1 Such was the proposed quadruple alliance, between the three great evangelists of the age and a noble Christian lady, who, had she been a man, would have aspired to be a bishop. The alliance, as will be seen hereafter, was not of long duration; but that probably was owing, not to the unfaithfulness of any of the four, but rather to Whitefield's death, and the envious cabals of the Calvinistic clergy, by whom the countess was surrounded, and some of whom, as Southey says, "abounded as much with bigotry and intolerance as with zeal." Wesley fulfilled his promise, and, during the month of October, preached several times in the chapel of the countess at Bath; and, on one occasion, administered the sacrament of the Lord's supper. At this period, the chapel was attended by not a few of the nobility: as Lord Camden, then lord chancellor of England, Lord Northington, Earl Chatham and family, Lord Rockingham, Lady Malpas, Lord and Lady Powys, Lord and Lady Buchan, the Duke of Bedford and family, Dr. Barnard, bishop of Londonderry, and last, but not least, Horace Walpole, who, in a letter to John Chute, Esq., dated "Bath, October 10, 1766," gives the following lively, if not strictly accurate, description of what he saw and heard. "I have been at one opera-Mr. Wesley's. They have boys and girls, with charming voices, that sing hymns in parts to Scotch ballad tunes; but, indeed, so long, that one would think they were already in eternity, and knew not how much time they had before them. The chapel is very neat, with true gothic windows. I was glad to see that luxury is creeping in upon them before persecution." [Here follows a description of the chapel.] "Wesley is a clean, elderly man, fresh coloured, his hair smoothly combed, but with a little soupcon of curl at the ends. Wondrous clever, but as evidently an actor as Garrick. He spoke his sermon, 1 Methodist Magazine, 1797, p. 304. but so fast, and with so little accent, that I am sure he has often uttered it, for it was like a lesson. There were parts and eloquence in it; but, towards the end, he exalted his voice, and acted very ugly enthusiasm, decried learning, and told stories, like Latimer, of the fool of his college, who said, 'I thanks God for everything.' Except a few from curiosity, and some honourable women, the congregation was very mean." Considering the many years during which Wesley had been accustomed to preach at Bath, it may seem strange to some, that he should now be preaching, not in his own chapel, but in another's. The truth is, though so much time and labour had been bestowed on Bath, by himself, his brother, and their preachers, the results were exceeding small. They had a preaching place in Avon Street; but it was small, and surrounded by a population not the most respectable. They had a society; but it was dwindling instead of growing. In 1757, the members were fifty-five in number; in 1762, they were thirty-one; in 1767, they were twelve. In a letter to Miss Bishop, in the last mentioned year, Wesley says: "We have had a society in Bath for about thirty years; sometimes larger and sometimes smaller. It was very small this autumn, consisting of only eleven or twelve persons, of whom Michael Hemmings was leader. I spoke to these one by one, added nine or ten more, divided them into two classes, and appointed half of them to meet with Joseph Harris." 12 But leaving the quadruple alliance already mentioned, we must return to Wesley's gospel wanderings. On the 10th of March, he set out, from London, on his long journey to the north. Coming, as usual, to Bristol, he wrote: "I rode to Kingswood, and having told my whole mind to the masters and servants, spoke to the children in a far stronger manner than ever I did before. I will kill or cure. I will have one or the other: a Christian school, or none at all." From Bristol, Wesley made his way to Stroud and Cheltenham. The latter town, like Bath, was a place of fashion and of pleasure, and, therefore, not a friendly soil for Method 'Walpole's Letters, vol. v., p. 16. 1766 Age 63 1766 ism. Age 63 Wesley had preached here twenty-two years before, "to a company," he says, "who seemed to understand just as much of the matter as if he had been talking Greek." He now tried again, out of doors, in the midst of a piercing wind, and none, rich or poor, went away till his sermon was concluded. Three years afterwards, the Methodist itinerants began to visit Cheltenham; and, among others converted, was Miss Penelope Newman,' who soon became the leader of two classes, and a select band,' and who, for years, was one of Wesley's correspondents. Before her conversion, she kept a bookshop; afterwards, she devoted herself wholly to the work of God, making visits to adjacent towns and villages, and, like Sarah Crosby and others, occasionally giving public exhortations. For long years, the meeting place of the Methodists at Cheltenham was a small house in Pitville Street, which was alternately occupied by them and by the baptists; and such was the slow progress of Methodism in this place of fashionable resort, that it was not until the year 1813 that the Methodists obtained a chapel of their own, and even then there were only twenty in society.5 Leaving Cheltenham, Wesley proceeded to Evesham, where the mob, encouraged by the magistrate, made noise enough; but as they used neither stones nor dirt, Wesley says, "We were well contented." After preaching at Birmingham, Wesley, on March 20, paid his first visit to Burton on Trent, where Thomas Hanby had introduced Methodism by preaching in the house of a shoemaker, the mob smashing poor Crispin's windows, and the preacher having to hide himself from his murderous enemies beneath the cutting board. Proceeding to Nottingham, Wesley preached in the octagon chapel, which had just been built at the cost of £128 2s. 7d. No wonder that he says, "it was filled with serious hearers." Up to the present, the Nottingham Methodists had held their meetings in the house of Matthew Bagshaw, who, to accom 1 Methodist Magazine, 1785, p. 435. 2 Ibid. 1786, p. 171. Methodism in Nottingham and Sheffield. 561 modate the people, fixed, in the floor of his chamber, a large trap door, which, when lifted up, converted Matthew's dormitory into a sort of gallery; and the preacher, standing in the aperture, with his head just through the floor, was thus enabled to preach to the female part of his congregation in the room below, and, at the same time, to the men occupying the room above. From Nottingham, Wesley made his way to Sheffield. Here two Methodist meeting-houses had been demolished by Sheffield mobs; but a third was now erected in Mulberry Street, fifty-four feet long, and six-and-thirty wide, and in this Wesley preached on March 26. He writes: "We had a numerous congregation. There has been much disturbance here this winter; but to-night all was peace." The disturbance mentioned was occasioned by a buffoon general leading on a mob of empty headed young fellows from sixteen to twenty years of age. Often were the cloaks and gowns of females cut into tatters with knives or scissors. Sometimes the chief, dressed as a harlequin, would enter the chapel, concealing, beneath his clothing, cats, or cocks and hens, whose mewings, cacklings, and crowings, were not calculated to improve the devotion of the people. When expelled from the interior of the building, he would contrive to climb the roof, where, in front of a large skylight nearly over the pulpit, he was wont to mimic the action of the preacher down below. The chapel windows were smashed, and when shutters were put up, these were pelted with bricks, stones, and sticks. For some reason, the captain and his gang were quiet at the time Wesley preached; but their annoyances and persecutions were continued for three months longer; at the end of which the poor wretch was bathing in the Don, and, after besporting himself in the dingy river for a considerable time, exclaimed, with an air of mockery and mirth, " Another dip, and then for a bit more sport with the Methodists!" In he plunged; down he sunk; and, sticking in the mud, was drowned, before his associates could get him out.1 From Sheffield, Wesley proceeded to Eyam, Stockport, and Manchester. Here, as in London and Bristol and other 1 Everett's "Methodism in Sheffield." 1766 Age 63 1766 places, there was a large decrease in the number professing Age 63 Christian perfection. The fifty at Manchester had dwindled down to one third of that number. Why was this? The reader must imagine an answer for himself; we profess only to furnish facts. Whitefield, of course, was an opponent of Wesley's doctrine; perhaps because he scarcely understood it. In a letter dated "June 2, 1766," he writes: "That monstrous doctrine of sinless perfection, for a while, turns some of its deluded votaries into temporary monsters." 1 Charles Wesley was almost equally incredulous. Wesley addressing him on July 9, 1766, remarks: "That perfection which I believe, I can boldly preach; because, I think, I see five hundred witnesses of it. Of that perfection which you preach, you think you do not see any witness at all. I wonder you do not, in this article, fall in plumb with Mr. Whitefield. For do not you, as well as he, ask, 'Where are the perfect ones?' I verily believe there are none. I cordially assent to his opinion, that there is no perfection here such as you describe; at least, I never met with an instance of it, and I doubt I never shall. Therefore, I still think, to set perfection so high is effectually to renounce it."2 Thus was Wesley between two fires; Whitefield setting the doctrine too low, and Charles Wesley setting it too high; and both of them ready to ridicule what Wesley called its witnesses. There can be no question, that some of those witnesses injured the doctrine instead of helping it. Wesley himself, on June 28 of this very year, writes to "Mrs. R.," probably Sarah Ryan, finding fault with her in reference to this matter. "You appear," says he, "to be above instruction from man. You appear to think that none understands the doctrine of sanctification like you. Nay, you sometimes speak as if none understood it beside you. You appear to undervalue the experience of almost every one, in comparison of your own. I am afraid, also, you are in danger of enthusiasm. We know there are Divine dreams and impressions; but how easily may you be deceived herein! It has also been fre 1 Whitefield's Works, vol. iii., p. 337. |