In Algiers and Tunis, these disputes seldom attracted | but generally surrender the fugitive, if a native of the the notice of the Government, and the influence which country, to the Government, or oblige him to quit their a Consul could exercise in either of those Regencies, dwelling, rather than subject themselves to the hazard was scarcely worth the sums which must be paid for it.of having it invaded by force; those of Great Britain In Tripoli however, and especially since 1815, the and France on the contrary, make it a point of honor agents of Great Britain and France have each endea- not to yield, except in cases where the fugitive has invored to obtain a degree of control in the affairs of the jured some one of their colleagues or his guilt is clearly state. Colonel Warrington who has represented Great proved; and even then they have frequently required Britain during that period, is well calculated by his assurances that he should be pardoned, or that his general intelligence and the inflexible resolution of his punishment should be mitigated. A circumstance of character to acquire this superiority; and having been this nature occurred in 1829 which brought these two always supported by his Government, many of his de- parties in direct and open collision, and for a time inmands have been instantly complied with, which would volved the Consul of the United States in difficulties otherwise have been regarded merely as the ebullitions with the Government of Tripoli; the affair was origiof arrogance and presumption. On the slightest re-nally of a private nature, but has ultimately produced sistance to his wishes, the ships of war of his nation the most serious changes in the situation of the Reappeared in the harbor, the Minister who offended him sat uneasy in his place, and every aggression committed by a Tripoline upon the honor or interests of Great Britain, was speedily and severely punished.

The possession of such powers by the representative of Great Britain, would certainly not be regarded with indifference by France; as it is not so convenient however, to send squadrons on all occasions to the aid of the Consul, he is obliged to rely the more on his own resources. The French Consuls in Barbary and the East are generally persons who have been educated for the purpose, either in the embassy at Constantinople, or at some consulate in those countries. With regard to the propriety of such selections, experience seems to have shown that the advantages of acquaintance with the customs and languages of the Eastern nations, are more than counterbalanced by the loss of honorable feelings, and the disregard of moral restraints which frequently result from this mode of acquiring them. Whether Baron Rousseau who was for many years Consul of France in Tripoli, was trained in one of these schools, it is needless to inquire, but he appears to have displayed during his residence in that Regency, a talent and a disposition for intrigue, which would have done honor to the most accomplished drogaman of Pera. Between him and Warrington there was a constant struggle for influence, and the Pasha was alternately annoyed by the overbearing dictation of the British Consul, and the wily manœuvres of Rousseau.

gency.

It is well known that many efforts have been made during the last forty years, by individuals and by some European Governments, to obtain information respecting the interior of the African Continent; we are all familiar with the names and adventures of Ledyard, Parke, Burckhardt, Denham, Clapperton, Laing, Lander and others, whose labors have been important from the light thrown by them on the subject of their researches, and still more so as exhibiting instances of perseverance and moral courage with which the annals of warfare offer few parallels. Several of these heroic travellers took their departure from Tripoli, as the communications between that place and the regions which they desired to explore are comparatively easy and safe; and the Pasha, whether actuated by the expectation of obtaining some advantage from their discoveries, or by more laudable motives, appears from their accounts to have used every exertion to facilitate their movements. They likewise concur in expressing their gratitude and respect for Mohammed D'Ghies, who entertained them all hospitably in Tripoli and furnished them with letters of credit and introduction, which, says Denham, "were always duly honored throughout Northern Africa."

Hassuna and Mohammed D'Ghies the two sons of this respectable person, are also mentioned in terms of high commendation by many who visited Tripoli. Hassuna the elder was educated in France, and afterOne of the most frequent causes of difficulties between wards spent some time in England where he was much the Governments of Barbary and the Consuls of Foreign noticed in high circles, notwithstanding the assertion Powers, is the right claimed by the latter to protect all of the Quarterly Review to the contrary; on his return persons within the walls of their residence. In those to his native country, he for some time conducted the countries it is absolutely requisite for the security of affairs of his father's commercial house, and afterwards the Consul and for the discharge of his duties, that the those of his ministerial office, in which he was distinpersons in his employ should not be subjected to the guished for his attention to business and his apparent despotism of the Government, nor to the doubtful deci- desire to advance the welfare of his country. Mosions of the tribunals; and provisions to that effect are hammed the younger son was brought up under the generally inserted in the treaties between Christian na-eye of his father at home; Captain Beechy of the Britions and those of Barbary. The Consuls however in-tish Navy who spent some time at Tripoli in 1822 sist that the privilege should extend to the protection while employed in surveying the adjacent coast, desnot only of their families, servants and countrymen, but | cribes him as "an excellent young man," and as “an also of all other persons under their roof; and the most abandoned criminals having entered such a sanctuary, are thus frequently screened from punishment. This privilege is productive of inconvenience not only to the Government but also to the Consuls whom it frequently involves in difficulties; the representatives of the inferior powers therefore seldom attempt to maintain it,

admirable example of true devotion to the religion of his country, united with the more extended and liberal feelings of Europeans. He daily visits the public school where young boys are taught to read the Koran, and superintends the charitable distribution of food which the bounty of his father provides for the poor who daily present themselves at his gate. Besides his acquaint

ance with English and French he is able to converse | Laing's communications; at his request therefore, the with the slaves of the family in several languages of the Commander of the British squadron in the Mediterrainterior of Africa," &c. He was subsequently employ-nean sent a ship of war to Tripoli to give Yusuf notice ed also in public affairs, and became the intimate confi-that as the traveller had proceeded to the interior under dent of his brother-in-law the Bey Ali.

his protection, he should hold him responsible for his On the 17th of July 1825, Major Gordon Laing of safety, or at least for the delivery of his property and the British Army a son-in-law of Consul Warrington, papers. This intimation was certainly of a most unquitted Tripoli with the intention of penetrating if pos- reasonable character; the Pasha however could only sible directly to Tombuctoo, and thence descending the exert himself to avert the threatened evil, by endeavorriver which is said to flow near that city, to its termi-ing to discover the traveller and at all events to disprove nation. He was amply supplied with letters by the any unfair dealings or bad intentions on his own part D'Ghies family; and orders were sent to the governors with regard to him. and chiefs of places on his route, which were subject to All doubts respecting the fate of the British traveller the Pasha to aid him by every means in the prosecution were however dispelled by the return to Tripoli of the of his journey, and to forward his letters and journals servant who had accompanied him; from the statements to Tripoli. For some time after his departure his com- of this man it was clearly ascertained, that the unfortumunications were regularly received and bills drawn by nate Laing had been murdered in his sleep by his Arab him at various places were presented at Tripoli for conductor Burbushi on the third night after their deparpayment. From these accounts it appears, that taking | ture from Tombuctoo, that is on the 25th of September a south-western course he arrived on the 13th of Sep-1826.

tually arrived in Tripoli; and in the course of the investigations which he made in consequence, a suspicion was awakened in his mind that they had been secreted by Hassuna D'Ghies, in order to conceal some gross treachery or misconduct on his part. Under this impression Mr. Warrington urged the Pasha to have the papers secured, and not being satisfied with the means used for the purpose, he finally struck his flag, and declared that all official intercourse between himself and the Government of Tripoli, would be suspended until they were produced.

tember at Ghadamis a town of considerable trade situ- Some time after receiving this melancholy news, the ated in an oasis about five hundred miles from Tripoli ; | British Consul was induced to believe that papers which thence he passed to Einsalah in the country of the were sent by his son-in-law from Tombuctoo, had acTuaricks (a fierce race of wanderers) which he reached on the 3d of December and left on the 10th of January 1826. His journals up to this date were regularly received; from his few subsequent letters we learn that during the month of February, the caravan with which he travelled was suddenly attacked in the night by a band of Tuaricks, who had for some days accompanied them; many persons of the caravan were killed and the Major was dreadfully wounded, but he escaped and arrived at Tombuctoo on the 18th of August. At this place he had remained five weeks when Boubokar the Governor of the town who had previously treated him with favor, suddenly urged him to depart immediately, stating that he had received a letter from Bello the Sultan of the Foulahs a Prince of great power in the vicinity of Tombuctoo, expressing the strongest hostility to the stranger; Laing accordingly quitted Tombuctoo on the 22d of September, in company with Burbushi an Arab Sheik who had engaged to conduct him in safety to Arouan, distant about three hundred miles to the northward.

To avert the evils which might result from this measure, Yusuf labored diligently, and in the spring of 1829 he intercepted some letters sent from Ghadamis to Hassuna, which indicated a means of unravelling the mystery. Pursuing his inquiries farther, he became fully convinced of the perfidy of his Minister, and at length he declared to a friend of the British Consul, that two sealed packages sent by Laing from Tombuctoo, had been received by Hassuna and delivered by him to the French Consul in consideration of the abatement of After this date nothing farther was heard from the forty per cent. in the amount of a large debt due by him traveller, no more of his bills were presented for pay- to some French subjects. The fact of the receipt of the ment at Tripoli, and Mr. Warrington becoming un-papers by Hassuna was to be proved by the evidence easy prevailed on the Pasha to have inquiries made respecting him. Messengers were accordingly despatched southward in various directions, one of whom on his return in the spring of 1827 brought an account that the Christian had been murdered soon after leaving Tombuctoo, by a party despatched from that place for the purpose. This statement was confirmed by all the other messengers on their return, and it was confidently repeated in a long article on the subject published in a On the strength of this declaration, Mr. Warrington Paris Journal, which gave the Prime Minister of Tri- insisted on the immediate apprehension of Hassuna, but poli as authority. The other caravans and travellers he having received timely warning fled for refuge on however from the South contradicted these reports, and the 20th of July, to the house of Mr. Coxe the AmeriHassuna D'Ghies on being questioned respecting the can Consul; and immediately after to the surprise of account given in the Paris Journal, denied that he had all concerned, it was found that his brother Mohammed supplied such information and asserted his total dis-had likewise sought an asylum under the roof of Baron belief of the story. These and other circumstances Rousseau.

induced Mr. Warrington to suspect that the Pasha or

his Minister had for some interested motive suppressed

of the Courier who brought them from Ghadamis, and
of other persons daily expected in Tripoli; the remain-
|der of the Pasha's strange statement appears to have
been founded entirely on a written deposition to that
effect, of Mohammed D'Ghies the younger brother of
the accused Minister, which was said to have been made
in the presence of the Bey Ali and of Hadji Massen the
Governor of the city.

Good George the Third was sitting on his throne-
His limbs were healthy, and his wits were sound;
In gorgeous state St. James's palace shone-
And bending courtiers gather'd thick around

Written on one of the blank leaves of a book sent to a friend in The new made monarch and his German bride,

14th August, 1825. I returned to the city yesterday after an excursion of a week in the vicinity of Chalco, about twenty-five or thirty miles distant. We were invited by an acquaintance to his hacienda, where he promised fine sport with our guns. Not content with abundance of deer, we were to return with the spoils of sundry wild animals, such as wild-cats, bears, panthers, wolves and tigers. Prepared for ferocious contests, we set out with all the eagerness of huntsmen who feast in their imagintion on their slaughtered prey. But in fact, though to hunt was our ostensible object, from which we expected little, although entertained by our friend with extravagant hopes, we left the city chiefly for the purpose of exercise, of viewing the

For many days previous to her entrance into the city, | ignorant, superstitious people-not only the canaille, but great preparations had been made. On the 11th inst. also the most respectable portion of the community. she was conveyed from her sanctuary in the President's coach, which was driven by a nobleman of the old regime, the Marques de Salvatierra, bare headed, and attended by a large number of coaches, and crowds of people on foot, to the parroquia de Santa Vera Cruz, a church just within the limits of the city. Here, as is usual, she was to rest one night, and on the following evening to proceed to the Cathedral. Before the appointed time, the streets leading to it were covered with canopies of canvass; draperies were suspended from every balcony, and strings of shawls and handkerchiefs stretched across, were seen fluttering in the wind. A regiment of troops marched out to form her escort, and thousands flocked to join her train. But a heavy rain began to fall, and the procession was necessarily post-country, and avoiding the water, which, at this season poned, the populace being delighted to find that the intercession of Our Lady was of so much avail, and their faith strengthened at the trifling expense of wet jackets. The procession was now appointed for an early hour the next morning, (a prudent arrangement, for it rains, in course, every evening, the rainy season having commenced,) and preparations were again made with increased zeal, proportionate with the gratitude felt at so prompt a dispensation of her Ladyship's favors. Two regiments of infantry and one of cavalry now composed the escort. The concourse of people was immense. Wax tapers, lanterns, candle-boxes, flags, and all the frippery of the churches were carried to grace the occasion; children dressed fantastically, with wings, and gay decorations upon their heads, but barefooted, with tapers in their hands, were led by their parents or nurses to take part in the pageant.

of the year, impregnated with the soda which the heavy rains disengage from the soil, deals sadly with strangers.

A ride of five or six hours brought us to the hacienda. This, I have elsewhere said, is a country seat, generally of large extent, with a chapel forming a part of the building, and surrounded by the reed or mud huts of the Indians, who are the laborers, or, as it were, vassals of the estate. A plain, thickly strewed with these haciendas, presents the appearance of numerous villages, each with its steeple and bell. The buildings are hollow squares, extensive and commodious, and embracing in their several ranges the usual conveniences of a farm, such as stables, and yards for poultry, sheep and cattle. They all have a look of antiquity, of strength and durability, which, at a distance, is imposing; but on nearer view, they are commonly found dilapidated, and devoid of neatness, and destitute of the garden and the orchard, which give so much the appearance of comfort to the country houses of the United States.

we were now hospitably invited. It bore the air of tattered grandeur-in its dimensions and in its ruined state showing marks of pristine elegance. It was partially fortified, as were most of them, during the revo

After the procession was formed, a discharge of artillery announced the departure of the holy image from the church, in which she had until now rested. The advance was a corps of cavalry, followed by flocks of ragged Indians, by respectable citizens and the civil This is their general character, as far as I have seen authorities, all bearing lighted wax tapers; then follow-them, and such was the commodious dwelling to which ed the numerous religious orders, each order preceded by an Indian carrying on his back a huge mahogany candle-box; the higher dignitaries of the order, with their hands meekly folded on their breasts, each attended by two assistants, bringing up the rear of Carmel-lution, for protection from lawless depredation, and ites, Augustines, Franciscans, Dominicans, and Merce- from the numerous bands of banditti who then roamed darians; next these were other Indians, followed by through the country, and were royalists or republicans, the angelic little children, who strew roses before the as was most expedient to accomplish their designs. object of their adoration, La Santa Virgen de los Reme- Even at this time, these defences are esteemed necesdios, who stands majestically under a canopy, richly sary to ensure safety from the robbers who have esclothed, and surrounded by gilded ornaments, support-caped the vigilance of government by concealing themed by four men. As she passed, the people who crowded the streets, and all who fill the windows under which she is carried, knelt, and roses are showered upon her from the roofs of the houses. Next her was another canopy, under which the Host was carried, to which the people also knelt. The troops brought up the rear, escorting Our Lady to the Cathedral, where she remains nine days. If it rain during this time, it is ascribed to her influence. If rain precede her entrance, it is because she was to be brought into the city; and if it follow her departure, it is the conse-pected from them. quence of her late presence. The miracle, of course, never fails. After the rainy season has set in, she is introduced annually for the idolatrous worship of this

selves in the adjacent mountains.

On the day of our arrival nothing occurred particularly to attract our notice, except that, after the conclusion of dinner, the tall Indian waiter fell upon his knees in the middle of the room and gave thanks-a custom common, I am told, in the country. To our surprise, this was not repeated. He was either told that we were heretics, (as all foreigners are designated) or was deterred because some of our Catholic friends were less devout on the occasion than was to be ex

It may not be amiss here to mention, that the dinner table of the Mexicans is of indefinite length, always One end only is comstanding in the eating room.