of at least one third part of the coals; and the glass, by keeping a regular, as well as a strong heat, is found to be of a superior quality to that made in the common way. As the heat of the room which includes the furnace is, during the operation, insufferably great, iron or other doors are made for the convenience of persons going in and out to overlook and attend to the process.-Obs. The idea of pre to the carriage; from the part of the carriage to which the chain is fixed, proceeds a handle to the place most convenient to be laid hold of by the driver, who can instantly disengage the horse from the chaise. The same pressure which sets the horse at liberty, in case of a two-wheel carriage, throws out two legs, one before and another behind, so that the chaise still keeps its level. And that the rider may be in no danger of falling forward by the sud-venting the access of the external air to any den stopping of the carriage, each of the legs part of the fire, except at the bottom of the has a wheel; thus the motion will be gradually grating, is not new; it has, for several years retarded. Mr. L.'s invention is applicable to past, been adopted by Lord Stanhope in burncurricles and other carriages, the principle of ing lime, with which he makes a mortar, not which is explained in the patent, with a num-inferior perhaps to that of the ancients so much ber of drawings. celebrated. 21. M. Paul de Philipsthal's Patent (of the 23. Mr. Winter's Patent (Shacklervell) for a Lyceum, Strand) for the Invention of repre- certain Manufacture for covering the Floors of senting in a dark Scene human Figures, in Rooms, and also for covering and packing Goods, various Characters, Sizes, &c.—The patentee &c.-This new manufacture is composed of professes to have discovered, by indefatigable waste tan or bark, after it has been used by research and numerous optical experiments, a the tanner; threads and scrapings of all kinds new method of producing representations of of leather, and the short hair of animals. The apparitions and spectres. The apparatus con- tan and the leather are to be well cleaned; s sts principally of two concave glasses or and, by certain processes, the former is to be metal reflectors, secured in a dark closet, be- reduced to fibres, and the latter to a pulp; fore which an artificial light, proportionable the hair is to be washed and separated, so that to their foci, is applied, and directed upon a the ingredients may be rendered fit for uniting picture representing the apparition. Lenses with each other very completely. Being thus are made use of, to throw the image of the pic-prepared, they are mixed together in the proture on a transparent screen, which is hung between the darkened closet, or lantern, and the spectator. When the mirrors are brought nearer the screen, the object is diminished in size, and appears, according to the laws of perspective, to retire, and, when taken farther off, the size of the object is enlarged, while it appears to approach the spectator. M. P. has, in his specification, given particular instructions for producing the various optical deceptions, which he has, for some time past, successfully exhibited at the Lyceum to crowded audiences, and at the same time claiming, in high terms, the "protection of his Britannic Majesty to his meritorious disco veries." portion of four parts of tan, two of leather, and one of hair, with five pounds of refuse tow, wadding, or wool, to every hundred weight of the mixture. The whole is then to be intimately blended together, and conveyed into vats or receivers containing warm water, in which a small portion of glue is dissolved. In this state it is moulded in frames, and the re. maining part of the process is very much like that made use of in the manufacture of paper. 24. Mr. Howard's Patent (Manchester) for a Method of making a British Barilla and Potash, and of obtaining a greater Quantity of Alkali than hitherto discovered. The method adopted by Mr. H. for obtaining alkali is, by saturating with quicklime the ashes made from bleachers 22. Mr. Donaldson's Patent (Bristol) for a waste lie, rock-salt, soda, natron, common Method of making all Kinds of Glass in a more ex-salt, black-ashes of the soap-boilers' lie, kelp, peditious Manner than hitherto attempted.-Mr. tobacco-ashes, &c. &c. To these substances, D. proposes no alteration in the materials for being made sufficiently small by grinding, making glass, nor in the proportions usually pounding, or rolling, to pass through fine adopted. The principle of his invention con- sieve, is to be added a certain proportion of sists in the application of a stronger heat, at a coke, cinders, charcoal, or any other commuch less expense than the common opera-bustible substance, free from sulphur, and retions of glass-making will admit of. And although he describes the shape which he conceives the best adapted for the furnaces used in this manufacture, yet he expects no exclusive privilege on that account. What he lays claim to as an inventor is, the construction of a building in which the furnace is, except the chimney, completely included, so that the whole heat from the fire must be employed in the operation. The grate of the furnace is so - constructed, that all the air consumed must pass through the lower part of it; by which means it is said that there is a saving duced to powder. These ingredients are to be most intimately mixed, and a layer of them to be spread on an even floor, to which is added a layer of quicklime. The mass is then to be sprinkled with as much common water, brine, lie, or sea-water, as it will absorb. Other layers are to be added at pleasure; and when the heap is made, it is to be cut down while warm, and to be reduced, by means of water, lie, sea-water, &c. to the consistence of mortar, then dried on iron plates or pans, and afterwards fluxed in a reverberating fur. nace, which is the finishing part of Mr. H.'s operation in producing his British barilla. He gives in the specification the proportions which he thinks may be most advantageously used; but as on this point there may be a diversity of opinions, he desires it to be understood, that the saturating by quicklime any of the ingredients mentioned by him, for the purpose of obtaining alkali, will be deemed an infringement of his patent.-Mr. H. particularly describes the mode of obtaining alkali from sal enixum, and the caput mortuums of the sulphuric and muriatic acids; and his mode of separating those acids from common salt, brine, lie, &c. 25. Mr. Arnold Wilde and Mr. J. Ridge's Patent (Little Sheffield) for manufacturing of all Kinds of Saws, Steel Doctors for Printers, Plates made of Iron or Steel, Beads or Mouldings of Fenders, Springs made of Steel, Ec.-When the steel or iron articles are made or cut into the proper shape, they are put into a frame and made red hot. They are then to be immersed in water, or a composition of grease or oil, to be hardened in the frame according to the direction wanted. When hardened, they are to be tempered, by being kept in motion over the fire till the grease smokes, and until a blue blaze alternately appear and disappear. They are then to be stretched with as much power as will bring them into the direction required. If they do not require hardening, they must be made red hot, and suffered to cool in the open air; they are then to be ground by a machine, which being put in motion will pare, tooth, smith, finish, set the teeth of saws, sharpen, grind, and polish plates of steel and iron, and form beads and mouldings, and other articles. 26. Messrs. J. and F. Robertson's (Glasgow), for a Method of applying Steam with the greatest Advantage in working of Steam-engines. In the best-constructed engines, a considerable quantity of steam escapes by the sides of the piston, and is lost without producing any mechanical effect. Messrs. R.'s invention consists in preventing, in a great measure, the escape of the steam, and in making that which does escape act on another piston, and thereby augment the power of the engine. In these engines there are two steam cylinders, one smaller than the other, with pistons fitted to each, which act together in producing the effect. To the cy. linders are annexed a condensing vessel and air-pump, which are common to other steamengines; but the principle of exclusive right is founded in the mode of conducting the steam on and between the pistons, 27. Mr. E. Thomason's (Birmingham), for an Improvement on Corkscrews. The patentee combines in this invention three screws, the male, the female, and what he calls the hermaphrodite screw. This last acts in some circumstances as a male, and in others as a female screw. -In making use of this screw, the operator, by turning always to the right, draws out the cork, without any other advantage than what is gained by the screw simply; and when the cork is drawn, by turning the screw to the left, it falls off without touching with the fingers. 28. Mr. Christopher Wilson's (Bermondsey), for an improved Method of obtaining a Vacuum applicable to all pneumatic, hydraulic, and mechanic Instruments, in which any Kind of Fluid is made use of as a Power.The merits of this patent cannot be comprehended without reference to the figures, which are annexed to the specifi cation. 29. Mr. J. Williams's (Portsmouth), for a Method of disengaging Horses from Carriages.— Mr. W.'s invention consists chiefly in the addition of a rolling splinter-bar, affixed to the usual or main splinter-bar, in such a way as will suffer it to turn on its axis when needful, and also in the means of fastening the traces to the said rolling-bar.-The method of disengaging the horses is very simple: a person in the carriage has need only, by means of a cord, to pull back a bolt, when a lever immediately rises; in consequence of the action on the traces, the studs by which the traces are fastened to the rolling splinter-bar change their position, and the traces are instantly set at liberty. The patentee extends his invention to all kinds of carriages. Those that have shafts are to have a socket fixed to the end of each; and those which have shafts, or a pole, which, from its construction, would fall to the ground as soon as the horse or horses are disengaged, are to have a piece of iron, with a broad bottom, or a wheel affixed to each shaft, or the pole, to prevent the motion being checked too suddenly by the fall.-Mr. W. does not claim the method of disengaging the harness from the ends of the pole or shafts, as part of his invention. He observes, that the operation of disengaging the horse or horses is performed with as much facility as the pulling of a check-string; and, notwithstanding the simplicity of the process, it will be found that the horses are as securely attached to the carriage as upon the common construction.-The exclusive right of manufacturing these safeguard splinter-bars has been assigned to Andrew Leith and Co. of Shoe Lane, Fleet Street. 30. Mr. P. Rusher's (Banbury), for various Improvements and Alterations in the Form of Printing Types, and the Manner in which Printing is to be performed therewith, so as to diminish the Trouble and Expense of Printing, and in render it more uniform and beautiful.—According to this specification, the capital letters, with a few exceptions, should be comprised in the compass of an oval, by which they will occupy less room than usual, and be more uniform. Each small letter is to be without any tail-piece or descender; and the metal of the type, usually forming the shoulder, is to extend no lower than the body of the letter; consequently the letters will occupy less room in printing with out being less legible. The small letters that have heads or ascending points which rise above the body of the characters, should have their heads shortened about one third, which, be- | sides uniformity, will allow room for a greater space between the lines in printing, or the type may be placed closer, and thereby a considerable saving in paper will be made. 31. Mr. Chester Gould's (Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell), for an Apparatus or artificial Horizon to be attached to and used with the Quadrant or Sextant, for the Purpose of taking Altitudes of celestial or other Objects, either on Land or Water, without the Assistance of the natural Horizon. This invention consists in applying coloured or other fluids to the instrument, so as to obtain a level for the purpose of taking altitudes, either on land or water; which is performed by making a circular tube or ring of brass, or other substance, from two to three inches in diameter, in which are fitted four transparent glasses, directly opposite to, and parallel with each other, so that the surfaces of the fluid contained in the tube may be distinctly seen by the observer. The inside of the tube may be about a quarter of an inch in diameter, and half full of some transparent fluid. It is then to be fixed to a small apparatus, with proper joints and adjustments, so as to bring it to its true position on the quadrant.-The true position on the instrument being obtained, and the ring filled up to the centre of the glasses, the quadrant or sextant must be held in a vertical position, and the surface of the fluid be brought to form a perfect level with the eye of the observer: then the object whose altitude is to be taken is reflected down to this fluid level, in the same manner as when altitudes are taken by the sea horizon.-The artificial horizon may be so constructed as to be connected with a telescope, such as is frequently applied to quadrants and sextants; by which means, the surfaces of the fluid, and their contact with the image of the sun or any other body, may be more exactly determined, and the altitude may be read off upon the arc, as in common cases. 32. Mr. J. Lawrence's (Lambeth), for a new Method of Tanning. The patentee makes use of a liquor made from oak saw.dust instead of that from oak bark, and in this consists the whole invention. 33. Mr. J. Lewis's (Brinscomb, in Gloucestershire), for certain Improvements in the Art of Dying by means of a new Method of cooling the Cloth, and other Piece Goods, particularly in dying Black, and a new Mode of applying the Fire for the Purpose of heating the Boiler, which may be applied to the beating of other Boilers where Heat is required. This method of cooling cloth consists in passing it from the boilers over rollers or cylinders, erected on a stage near the boiler, in the following manner: Immediately opposite the roller, over which the cloth turns in the boiler, a stage is erected of a proper width for the goods intended to be dyed. This stage is so high, that the gutters which are placed under the eaves may be sufficiently elevated to convey the liquor which drops from the cloth while turned over it, back again into the VOL. boiler. At each end of the stage a roller with a winch or handle is placed so high above the troughs, as to admit of the troughs holding the whole of the goods; and between these rollers with handles, other intermediate rollers extend over the width of the stage, at about three feet distance from each other. The rollers are about 30 inches in diameter, and the specifi cation contains proper directions for working them, and carrying on the whole operation by means of three men, viz. one at each winch, and the other keeps the cloth abroad while coming out of the boiler.-In dying black, it is allowed that repeated cooling is essential; to accomplish this, and to secure the cloth from the possibility of being heat-wrinkled, is the object of this part of the invention.--Mr. L.'s mode of applying the fire for the purpose of heating the boiler is founded on the idea that the stronger the draught, the greater will be the effect of the fire on the liquor, provided the heat so generated impinges in the best possible direction against the boiler. The directions given in the specification seem very well adapted to accomplish the ends intended to be answered in this respect; and, from repeated experience, Mr. L. assures us that the saving of fuel, and, what is often of more consequence to the dyer, in time, is from one third to a half over any other mode that has been tried. 34. Mr. B. Hawkins's (Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell), for a new floating Mill or Engine, to be worked by Tides or Currents of Water, for grinding all Sorts of Grain, and various other Purposes.-This invention consists in converting a ship, brig, sloop, or other vessel proper for the purpose, into a floating water-mill, and obtaining sufficient power to work the mill for grinding all sorts of grain, by the applica tion of a sufficient number of water-wheels to the hull of the ship or vessel, in a proper manner to be acted upon by the tide or current, so as to give the wheels a rotatory motion, and by connecting them with proper machinery. When the ship or mill is to be stationary, it must be made fast, so as to swing with the tide when necessary; but the mill may be worked whilst the vessel in which it is erected is sailing. The number and size of the wheels may be varied in proportion to the size of the vessel, the strength of the current, and the power required: and the wheels may be constructed as in common cases, or with folding floats, for the more readily freeing them from the water. They may also be placed in a vertical, horizontal, or oblique direction. The water-wheels may extend into the water from three to eight feet: they should be so connected as to be easily engaged with, or disengaged from each other, so that during the weak part of the tide they may all be made to act on one pair of mill stones, if necessary, and, as the strength of the tide increases, moie stones or other machinery may be put in motion, so as at all times to do business in pro portion thereto. 37. Mr. T. Maltby's (Nottingham), for a Stirrup.-This invention is intended to preserve the rider from the accidents occasioned by the foot hanging in the stirrup, should be thrown from his seat.-The bottom of Mr. M.'s stirrup is made larger than the lower surface of the foot, and may be plain or in bars, accord 35. Mr. H. Tickell's (Mansell Street, White- | grenade gun, or long howitzer, and its sea-serchapel), for an Apparatus or Method of more effec- vice carriage; of the sliding carriage, contually dissolving and extracting the Virtues and structed to admit of the guns being traversed preserving the essential Oil of Hops, Malt, and to a very open angle with the ship's side; other getable Substances used in brewing, distil- and of an improved brass mortar and bed. ling, dying, and sugar-refining, and dissolving animal Substances in making Soap, and which is also useful and applicable to various other chemical Processes.-The apparatus described in the specification of this patent is very extensive, and accompanied with a variety of figures, without the assistance of which it is impossible to explain the several principles of the inventioning to the fancy of the workman. From the upon which Mr. Tickell founds his claim for exclusive privileges. It is by the application of steam in various ways that the vegetable and animal matters are sooner dissolved, and their virtues or properties more effectually extracted, than can be done by the usual method. middle of the sides a hoop springs, very much like the hoop of the common stirrup; then at small distances from each other, all round the front part of the stirrup, bended bars are fastened, and being carried up, unite in the centre hoop, and thus make a sort of basket-work for the front part of the foot; the bars are placed too close to admit the boot or shoe, and therefore the possibility of entangling the foot is effectually prevented, should the rider be thrown from his horse; and the whole is so contrived, by adapting the stirrup to the particular person for whom it is made, that the instep and ankle can never be injured by friction. The whole may be made of iron, or any other metal fit for the purpose. 36. N, A C. de Poggi's (of New Bond Street), for Improvements in the constructing and using of Ordnance, to be employed bath in Sea and Land Service.--The objects intended to be answered by this invention are, to produce a rapid fire, and to secure the men.-The improved gun is constructed from a calibre scale as usual; but the trunnions are nearly in the axis of the piece, and no more increase of weight is left behind them, than what is sufficient to cause the breech to preponderate, and the 38. Mr. T. Richardson's (Iron-Acton, Gloupiece to be steady on the prop that supports itcestershire), for Improvements in the Art of prebehind at the moment of fire, and to descend when that support is withdrawn.-(Here follows a particular account of the several addi. tions to the old construction of the gun.)-To regulate the elevation and depression of the gun, some machinery is fixed, consisting of a spindle, with pinions acting on two wheels, between which is a cylindrical barrel, and on this two double and single fiat-linked chains wind their ends, extending to the lower part of a fixed box, where two eye-bolts are fixed, and an iron pin runs through them, which is kept in by a nut, and the chain is kept closer at that end to enable it to wind without riding, The gun by this means is capable of being elevated or depressed by the turning of a winch. By putting a catch-bolt back, the breech of the gun falls down on the axletree, and the charge being previously laid in the bore, immediately runs home. The gun is brought up by cords in an instant, and as speedily laid to the object by the machinery and contrivance of the carriage; by which means a rapid and destructive fire may be kept up, without exposing the men who load to the least danger in the operation. Other contrivances for elevating and depressing the piece are intended to be introduced; and all guns on the new con. struction may, if in any case it should be | thought more advisable, be loaded and fixed in the usual manner, since the pieces and their carriages are not, by these improvements, rendered in the least unfit for the mode of maeuvring now used.-This specification contains also full descriptions of the improved paring, colouring, and uniting the Skins of Sheep and Lambs.-The specification of this patent contains particular and minute directions for the whole process of tanning and colouring skins, from the time they are taken from the animal till they are in a finished state. Mr. R. shews in what manner they may be made to resemble any animal, either by spotting the skins, or by different kinds of shading. The manner which he adopts as the most preferable for uniting the skins, is by cutting the several pieces to the same length, and then by lapping them over each other a small distance, and sewing down the edges. The patentee proposes to apply this manufacture to a great number of articles, such as bed-side and coach carpets, using the wool side in the winter, and the plain leather in summer; bed-mattrasses and hammer-cloths; the stands for urns; rugs for the hearth, and for the door, to clean the feet: and, by being able to unite different skins, they may be made of any size, so as to appear but of one piece. He means also to apply his invention to the manufacture of muffs, shoes, &c. 39. Mr. Matthias Koop's (James Street, Westminster), for manufacturing Paper from Stras, Hay, Thistles, Waste and Refuse of Hemp and Flax, and different Kinds of Wood and Bark, fit for Printing and other useful Purposes.—For each pound of straw or hay, a pound and a half of quicklime is to be dissolved, in about a gallon or 6 quarts of river water. The hay or straw is to be cut into portions about 2 inches in length, then boiled in a considerable quantity 5 of water, viz. about 2 gallons to a pound of materials, for of an hour. It is then to be macerated in the solution of lime and water, for 5, 6, 7, or more days, taking care to agitate the mass, by frequently stirring and turning it over. At the end of this time the limewater is to be drawn off, and the materials to be washed very clean, and boiled in a large portion of clean river water. This part of the operation is to be repeated, and, for the sake of improving the colour of the paper, one pound of dissolved crystals of soda or potash may be used to every 36 pounds of straw or hay. When the materials are pressed out of the water, the manufacture of them into paper may be proceeded with by the usual and well- | known processes. In some cases the patentee has thought it advisable to suffer the materials to ferment and heat before they were reduced to a pulp. This, however, will always depend upon the warmth of the season.-When thistles are used, they are to be cut down at the time when the bloom begins to fall, to be dried, and reduced into lengths of 2 inches; and then the same process to be made use of as has been already described with regard to the straw and hay.-The manufacture from wood, bark, refuse hemp, and flax, is carried on by similar processes. The wood is to be reduced into shavings, and the outside rough bark is to be first scraped away. Wood containing much turpentine or resinous matter cannot be beneficially made into paper.-Mr. K. does not mean to rest his invention upon the exclusive use of soft water: he lays claim to his privileges, although it should be hereafter found that spring-water is equally adapted to the purposes before mentioned. 41. Mr. B. Collins's (New Sarum), for a Cephalie Snuff, being a Remedy for most Disorders in the Head, which it purges, strengthens the Nerves, and revives the Spirits. To the best snuff made from Virginia leaf-tobacco, add one twelfth part of roseat rappee snuff, and a small quantity of the true maccabaw; herbs, betony, eyebright, marjoram, thymesyriac, flowers of maram-syriac, equal quantities, dried and made into a fine powder, to which add the one twentieth part of the leaves of assari, dried and powdered in like manner; also of East India cloves one fiftieth part, essential oils of cinnamon, nutmegs, lavender, and balsam of Peru, a small quantity of each. These ingredients must be all well mixed, and put into an earthen pan, for four days, and then an ounce of eau-de-luce with a little orange-flower, lavender, and rose water, are to be added to each pound of snuff. It must be kept in bottles, and a pinch to be used as occasion may require. 42. Dr. G. F. Bauer's (Swithin's Lane), for Improvements in the Construction of Carriages, and the Wheels of Carriages.-The principles of this invention cannot be comprehended without referring to the drawings annexed to it; the advantages resulting from it, the patentee describes in the following manner:first, machines made according to this plan are much lighter, without losing any thing in solidity; secondly, the friction is considerably diminished; and, thirdly, in the superior degree of elasticity which attaches to carriages made after his plan. 43. Mr. T. Fryer's (Halifax), for a Method of manufacturing and finishing Goods from Cotton, Cotton and Woollen, Cotton and Silk, Cotton and Linen, or Cotton and Mohair, in such Manner as to make the same appear as if covered with Ermine or Fur, and in Imitation thereof.This method consists in the following particulars. 1st, After the cloth has been woven, it is to be rubbed with pumice-stone boards covered with emery, or metal blades, so as to remove or destroy the knots or knobs upon the surface thereof. 2d, It is then to be singed or sheared, and afterwards raised with cards or teazles to a shag, which appears like fur or [ermine, which finishes the process for manufacturing the sort of goods already described. 40. Mr. R. Dickinson's (Long Acre), for a new or improved Method of fixing Straps of and to Saddles, to which the Girths are usually made fast or buckle.-This invention consists in the application of the power of a lever to a spring which is attached, by means of screws or rivets, to a plate of metal that is fixed to the upper or under side of the bar of the saddletree. There are two of these springs in correspondent situations upon the opposite bar of the saddle-tree, to which straps are attached for the purpose of fastening the ends of the girths; obstacles are, however, wisely placed to prevent the lever from being overdrawn.- 44. Mr. Dearborn's (Boston), for Steel-yards. The patentee mentions the following advan-Are said to promise to be of great utility. On tages as certain effects of this invention. By these, pieces of ordnance weighing 8000 pounds drawing the buckles of the girth with more or are easily suspended and accurately weighed. less force, the reaction of the said springs The whole apparatus is so compact, that two upon the levers, and consequently upon the men may readily transport it on a hand-barrow straps, causes the girth to be applied with any to any distance. In the ordinary mode of desired firmness or tension; at the same time weighing with scales, a great number of that the elasticity of the said spring affords a weights must be twice handled, and the comdegree of ease and liberty for the horse to mon beams could scarcely be made strong breathe and perform his various movements enough to sustain so great a weight, as is easily with much less constraint, and a greater de- managed with these steel-yards. gree of comfort and ease than can be had when the girth is applied and fixed in the usual manner. 45. Mr. G. Hudson's (Chester), for the making or manufacturing of mineral or fossil AlkaliThis gentleman enumerates a great number of |