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substances which he makes use of for the pur-eye view, a side view, and an end view, of pose of obtaining the mineral alkali, with the his machine; by these, and a careful attention particulars of each process in the manufacture. to his description, the mechanic and manufac It will give a general idea of his plan, to par- turer will be able to estimate the value and ticularize the method which he takes with importance of the invention. help: this is the substance which stands most 49. Lord Dundonald's, for a Method or Meprominent in the specification. To two hun-thods of preparing a Substitute or Substitutes for dred weight and a half of kelp, beat into very Gum-Senegal, and other Gums, extensively emsmall pieces, or ground into powder, he adds played in certain Branches of Manufacture.one hundred and a half of soaper's ashes, and Lord D.'s invention consists in procuring a one hundred weight of waste tan, which he substitute for gum from the class of plants mixes together with water, or other fluid, till called in botany lichens; from the plants of it comes to a proper consistency; it then is to hemp and flax, previously to being steeped in be taken and placed on the bottom of a rever-water, or after having been steeped; likewise beratory furnace, the construction of which is from the bark or rind of the willow or limeshewn by a drawing annexed to the specifica- tree.The first process in preparing gum from tion; a strong heat is to be applied, and con- the lichen is to free it of the outer skin of the stantly kept up, and the flame made to pass plant, and the resinous matter, which is done over and act upon the mixture. At the inter- by scalding it two or three times in boiling val of every ten minutes, more water is to be water, or by actually boiling it for fifteen or thrown in, and more tanner's waste bark, and twenty minutes, then washing it in cold water, the whole to be kept moving about with an and laying it afterwards on a stone or brick iron spatula: at the end of four hours the sub-floor for ten or twelve hours.-The scalded stance begins to flux, and in about six hours it will be found completely fluxed, and the operation finished.

46. Mr. Forder's (Portsea), for a Method of stopping the Leaks, &c. of Ships.-According to the plan described by the patentee, all trifling damages sustained by any vessels may be repaired without bringing them into dock. He has contrived a kind of diving-machine, made principally of copper and leather, the joints of which are to be rendered water-tight, by a sort of cement, likewise described in the specification. Mr. F. has not forgotten, that air and light will be wanted by the diver, for both of which he has provided; he seems also to have taken into consideration the immense pressure to which the machine must be subject at any given depth below the surface, and has so constructed it, that it may sustain the force: he has also a contrivance for taking down | lighted candles, when the work is to be performed in the light. According to the plan which he has submitted to the public, the diver may remain under water, without inconvenience, two hours, during which a considerable quantity of work may be performed with regard to stopping leaks, &c.

47. Mr. T. Savdon's (Lincoln), for a Machine for cutting Straw for Fodder for Cattle, on Principles entirely new.- -This machine is worked by hand. A man turns a wheel four feet in diameter; this gives motion to a wooden roller, inlaid with ribs of iron, and to one made of cast-iron; by the operation of these the hay or straw is drawn from the box to the knives, of which two or three are fixed upon an iron axle, and are of course turned round with the motion of the wheel, and are made to cut against a plate of polished steel.

48. Mr. W. Walmsley's (Manchester), for a Machine for batting and opening Cotton Wool, Sheep's Wool, Tow, Hemp, and Flax.-The patentee has given with his specification a bird's

lichen is then to be put into a copper boiler, with a due proportion of water, that is, about two wine-gallons to every pound of lichen, and boiled during ten or twelve hours, adding about a quarter of an ounce of soda, or pearlashes, for every pound of lichen, or, instead of these salts, about two ounces of volatile alkali. The boiling should be continued until the liquor acquires a considerable degree of gummy consistence: it is then suffered to drain, and after to be squeezed in a press similar to that used by the melters of tallow.-The first boiling does not extract the whole of the gum, and should be repeated a second, and even a third time, diminishing, at each time, the quantity of water and the quantity of alkali: but when the volatile alkali is made use of, the boiler must be made of iron, instead of copper, which is acted upon by the volatile alkali.-Hemp, flax, and the bark of the willow and lime trees, or sea-weed, are to be heated in a similar manner, to extract the gum or mucilage contained in them; and his Lordship includes in this patent every tree, plant, or vegetable, of whatever kind, from which a gum is to be extracted by the action of vola tile or fixed alkaline salts, when used in the processes of maceration, digestion, or boiling these vegetable matters.

50. Mr. Nathan Smith's (Brighthelmstone), for a Method of Construction, or making a Vapour-bath or Vessel, of different Sizes and Shapes, by uniting thereto, and using therewith, a certain mathematical Instrument or Machine, called an Air-pump or Exhauster, for curing and relieving Persons afflicted with the Gout, putrid and inflammatory Sores of varicus Kinds, with zwhich the human Body may be afflicted. This vapourbath is made either to receive the whole body of the patient, or any particular part of it that is afflicted. It is first filled with steam, and then the external air is drawn out of the vessel in a less or greater degree, as the patient cas

bear it, thus giving aid to the elastic force of the internal air contained within the human body, to throw out and expel the matter which occasions pain, or hinders the natural func. tions of the human frame. The operation is to be repeated each time, as often as it may be deemed necessary.

is never recurred to by those who make use of this machine.-The mills may be made of any size, and grind any quantity of bark, by applying an adequate power: and they may be worked by water, wind, steam, horses, or even by manual labour.-This patent extends to grinding any other substance besides bark, and to an apparatus for raising liquors, and conveying them from one place, vessel, or vat, to another; so that no man is obliged to dip or pump the liquor, or handle the leather, as has hitherto been done.-It may be applied to any tan-yard already planted; to breweries; and to many other useful purposes.

53. Mr. Wyatt's (New Bridge Street), for bis Invention of certain Improvements in the Apparatus for, and Mode of Distillery, drying Coffee and Sugar.-The improvements in distil

51. Mr. T. Martin's (Clerkenwell), for Improvements in the Art of tanning and dressing Hides.-This invention consists in placing a boiler of convenient size, near a reservoir of water, with a pipe near the edge of the boiler to convey hot water into a vat intended to regulate the warmth of the water, and which is placed rather higher than the vats which contain the raw goods, and those working out the limes; so that the first may empty itself into a second and third vat, or into as many as may be deemed necessary. These vats are madeling consist, first, in applying steam to produce with false bottoms, for the reception of the the heat required for distillation, and adapting sand, blood, filth, &c. collected by the pelts an apparatus for that specific purpose; and, sein the slaughter-houses and markets, and which condly, in varying the construction and dispowill, by the application of water rather warmer sition of common stills, when fire alone is to than blood-heat, be more readily separated be employed.-In the process of distillation, from the skins, and will sink under the false steam is conveyed through proper tubes, either bottoms, whence it may be conveyed into a into the matter intended for distillation, or sewer by pulling out a plug from the real bot-through it, or wholly or partially round, or tom.-The application of warm water will re- beneath it, and in contact with the external vive dried hides, and expedite the process of substance of the still or vessel in which the tanning or dressing, by expanding the pores matter is contained, or in any of those mefor the reception of the ooze, alum-liquor, &c.thods combined: that of introducing the When the hides are perfectly clean, they are to steam wholly and totally into the body of the be limed; and when the hair is taken off, they liquid to be distilled, so as to be mingled theremust be cleaned from the lime with warm wa-with, being the most effectual and advantageter.-Mr. M. gives a very particular and accu-ous.-The liquid being thus heated by the acrate description of his method of constructing his vats; of what materials they are made; and of the nature of the ground on which they are to rest. He then describes the nature of the planks to be used in passing from one vat to another; the necessity of frequently remov-be applicable to the common mode of distillery ing and handling the goods, without impeding the circulation of the ooze; and how the ooze is to be removed from one vat to another, by means of pumps or jets. The necessary pumps may be wrought by men, or by a bark-mill commonly turned by horses, or by a boiler, the steam of which may be employed to grind the bark and work the pumps; and the fire for this purpose will prove of great utility in drying the new bark, and making it grind well, and in drying the old exhausted bark for burning; also for drying the leather, hair, wool, glue-pieces, &c.

52. Mr. J. Weekes's (Plymton), for a Machine to grind Bark and other Substances.-This machine is, we are informed, calculated to produce the article of bark in the best possible state for tanners, sufficiently soft and small, with none of that fine dust caused by friction, so prejudicial to the process of tanning; and the whole expense of a machine, which will last for a great number of years, may be saved by the grinding of about one hundred tons of bark, without taking into consideration the risk and expense of drying bark by fire, which

tion or contact of steam, the subsequent parts of the process proceed in the same way as a common distillation over a fire. The parts essential to the system of distillation by steam may be omitted, and then the apparatus will

by fire alone, which constitutes the second part of the improvement, and consists in making the roof of the still a medium of condensation, and applying a channel beneath that roof to conduct the liquid arising from the condensation into the ultimate condenser. -The mode of drying coffee and sugar consists in exposing those substances to the action of air, raised to a necessary degree of heat, by passing over, or in contact with, a body of heated steam. If, therefore, any receptacle, admitting and discharging occasionally the external air, be allotted for drying coffee and sugar, and that receptacle heated by the access of steam, so that none of the steam shall come in contact with either of those substances; that construction of an apparatus will produce the effect described, and is claimed by Mr. W. as his invention.-This apparatus may be applied to the drying of other substances, such as grain, gunpowder, &c.

54. Mr. R. Fryer's (Halifax), for a Method of manufacturing, cutting, dressing, drying, and finishing of Cloth, the Warp whereof is composed of Silk, Cotton, Woollen, Worsted, or

Linen Yarn, and the Weft of Sheep's or Lamb's | preventive against burglaries, the little bolts Wool. This new method of manufacturing that confine the string are made so sharp, that cloth, &c. consists, first, in carding, rowing, a very small pressure may cut it asunder, which and spinning in the common method; 2dly, instantly disengages the alarum.-Obs. We after the weft is manufactured, it is wove into have only to observe, that inventions which a warp or warps, by causing the weft or woof tend to the security of lives and property to float or pass over two or three or more merit every attention. The great objection to threads of the warp, for going under, or being alarums is, that from a variety of accidents attached to the cloth only by one or more the wires in the old construction, and the cord threads of the warp, which causes it to form a in the new, are apt to snap, at times when roll or figure on the face of the cloth; 3dly, there is no danger, by which persons and fathe cloth so manufactured is then to be cut milies may be terrified without any real cause. with a knife, or other instrument, by introdu- It is obvious, that for Mr. S.'s invention to cing it under the roll or figure, and running it serve as a perfect alarum against the effects of along with the hand, or by a machine, which fire, the cord should be carried to every door cuts that part of the weft which is left above and window, and those be previously shut; such roll or figure, or afloat in the figure, and and then a fire could not extend beyond a thereby produces a fine rich cover upon the single room, without awakening the family. face of the cloth; 4thly, the cloth is then to 57. Mr. T. Pritty's (Stowmarket), for a Mebe singed by means of a red hot cylinder, in-thod or Invention of affixing or hanging certain stead of being cropped or sheared; which me- Springs, Joints, and Apparatus to Doors, by thod of finishing woollen cloth so manufac- means whereof, such Doors may be opened from tured, the patentee claims as a new inven- | either Jamb.-In the door made according to tion, and never practised before by any other Mr. P.'s plan, there are two projecting balls person. The cloth is then to be scoured in or handles instead of one, and according as it soap-suds or lie, or any other alkaline solu- is intended to open the door on one side or tion fit for the purpose, and afterwards boiled the other, must the corresponding ball be a few hours in clean water, when it is fit for turned towards the edge. This ball, or handle, dying and finishing according to the discretion is connected with a latch that acts as a lever, of the manufacturer. by means of which a certain wire, and two 55. Mr. J. Tate's (Tottenham Court Road), pins, are raised out of that part of the hinge for Improvements in the Construction of Wheel-which is fast on the door, and immediately it carriages. Mr. T.'s invention appears to be an admirable method of diminishing the effects of friction. The whole weight of the carriage is made to rest on two or more new-invented friction-wheels; by the action of which the whole axletree is made to turn round, as well as the wheels on the axle. The friction-wheels are made something in the form of inverted-Doors formed on this construction are made, cones; they are fitted up with cups to contain a certain quantity of oil; turn upon centres; and revolve only once during three revolutions of the carriage-wheels; by which means the friction, which increases with the velocity, will be always kept to a very moderate degree. -Mr. T. from various experiments, is confident that, by his plan, one horse will be able to 58. Messrs. Henry Penneck and Robert Dundo as much work as four in the common mode. kin's (of Penzance), for Methods of improving 56. Mr. J. Smith's (Red Lion Street, Hal- the sailing and navigating certain Ships.-Seveborn), for a Method of fixing and setting an ral improvements in the methods of navigating Alarum, or Alarum-bell, so contrived as to vessels are mentioned in this specification: the alarm Families in case of Fires, &c.-It is action of the square sails is increased by formknown to every body that alarums, on the old ing the leeches of such convexity, that the construction, are acted upon by means of bolt-ropes may not be drawn tighter than newires, connected with doors, window-shutters, cessary to preserve the sail, and to allow it to &c. and that no person can force these parts produce the required effect. Two new and of the house without breaking or disengaging improved fore-and-aft sails are next described, the wire, which instantly sets the alarum off. which may be readily managed without dipThis, of course, would be of no use in the ping; besides full directions for the construccase of fire, as it would be a considerable time tion and management of these and other sails before the flames would make sufficient im- described, with their various tackle, &c. We pression on it as to cause a separation of its have in the same specification a claim for a parts. Instead, therefore, of wire, the paten-new-invented compass, called a transparent or tee makes use of a fine, but strong, string,, luminous compass, whose inner box, or ring, which flames will speedily burn in two. As a as it has no bottom, is balanced round its

is free to open with the same ease as a door hung in the common way. It appears then that there are in this contrivance two sets of hinges, and that the projecting balls or handles serve, by the act of turning, to extricate the pin from one hinge, and giving liberty, at the same time, to the door to play on the other.

where there are no obstacles to prevent them, to open completely back, or one hundred and eighty degrees. And for chambers, &c. where security is required, there is a contrivance for dropping in two small pins into the balls or handles, which effectually prevents them from being turned on the outside of the room.

ciple of this second process differs from that described under the first head, and does not depend upon elective attraction, yet the solution of the metallic iron is, probably, effected by its attracting the oxygen from the oxyd of iron previously dissolved, and a compound is by this means also obtained of a vegetable acid, with iron oxydated to the extent proper for producing good iron-liquor.

60. Mr. J. Fryer's (of Rastrick, York), for a Machine for the Purpose of cutting, dressing, and finishing Woollen Cloth.-This machine is applicable to the cutting, &c. the shag, fur, or pile, from all kinds of cloth or woven fabrications which require the same, made of woollen or worsted yarn, down, silk, hair, cotton, or linen, used for wearing apparel, in a more expeditious manner than has been hitherto ac

lower circumference, across which are fixed wires that support the pedestal. The card is painted on both sides: its letters and points, as well as a point for the ship's head, are rendered transparent; a mirror is placed below it, which turns on a hinge by night, and the lamp-light is admitted either below or above the card, according as it is desirable to steer, by the simple or reflected transparency: in the former case, the mirror is turned to throw the light on the card, and the eye is admitted above; in the latter, the mirror is turned to meet the eye, which is admitted below. The light is of course admitted or excluded by the proper application of shutters, and by raising or lowering the lamp. It may be likewise used as a common compass.-Obs. by the patentees. It must be remarked, that although on the common compasses black and white are strong-complished. It is not possible to describe the ly defined, yet no little difficulty, at night, often occurs, in readily ascertaining the exact point, which must yield to the superior contrast of light and darkness; and when its capability of being elevated to meet the eye, as well as its emitting less light on the sails in chase, or when pursued, are thrown into the scale, it is fairly imagined considerable advan- | tages will be found in its use.

59. Mr. J. Ashworth's (of Tottington, Lancashire), for a Method of making Iron-liquor, for the Use of Dyers and Painters. The patentee prefaces this specification by observing, that, according to the usual processes in making iron-liquor, a space of seven weeks is required for the operation; but according to his invention, the same may be brought to perfection in two or three days.-Mr. A.'s method is thus described: any metallic oxyd is dissolved in a vegetable acid; and as between these substances there is less affinity than between the same acid and the oxyd of iron, iron in its metallic state is added to the above solution, which precipitates the metal before dissolved, and is taken up in its place. Example: dissolve about six ounces of red lead in vinegar, at a boiling heat, which is to be poured into a vessel containing pieces of iron, and there left to stand all together about twenty-four or thirty-six hours. The liquor is then boiled with the same or fresh pieces of iron, and when cool it is ready for use. A similar effect is produced by substituting any of the oxyds of manganese, tin, copper, bismuth, antimoay, or arsenic, in the place of lead, or by the substituting any of the vegetable acids instead of vinegar. The application of this principle to the making of iron-liquor with vegetable acids, is claimed by Mr. A. as an exclusive privilege. The second principle in this speci-: fication, depends on the solution of any iron oxyd, as ocre, Venetian red, or Spanish brown, in a vegetable acid brought to a boiling heat, then poured on iron in its metallic state and after it has stood a day or two, and boiled a second time, it is good iron-liquor, and fit for use.-Obs. of the patentee. Although the prin

parts of this machine, so as to make it intelligible to the general reader, without the assistance of plates. After the cloth has undergone the operation of shearing, it is, in its descent to a cylinder, exposed to a current of steam, thrown out from a horizontal tube with a number of apertures, so as to give it softness and pliability; a brushing cylinder is next made to move against it, by which the remaining wool or fur is laid in one direction. It then passes between two polished metal, hollow cylinders, kept hot by the admission of steam or otherwise, which press it firmly, and dissi pate all the water imbibed from the steam.The steam employed is procured either from a boiler, kept hot for the purpose, or from a small steam-engine, of peculiar construction, made use of for working the machine.-The simplicity of the steam-engine merits a description here. A piston is alternately pressed upwards and downwards, by means of elastic steam, in a cylinder closed at both ends, with a wadded hole for the piston-rod to move through, which gives motion to a crank and fly, or balance-wheel. Instead of condensing the steam, as in other engines, it is in this suffered to escape, after it has forced the piston, in either direction, to the end of the eylinder; it is then conducted through proper vessels to soften the cloth, and heat the pressing cylinders, or made use of for any other purpose where heat is required, such as heating drying-houses, stoves, hot-houses, &c.— Remarks by the patentee. This mode of finishing cloth gives it a much handsomer appearance, and renders it more durable in wearing than that finished in a common way.

BURDETT AND PARR.

Copy of a Letter from Sir F. Burdett to Dr. Parr.

SIR, I am sorry that it is not in my power to place you in a situation which would well become you-I mean in the Episcopal Palace at Buckden: but I can bring you very near to it; for I have the presentation to a rectory now vacant, within a mile and a half of it,

which is very much at Dr. Parr's service. It
is the rectory of Graffham, at present worth
two hundred pounds a year, and, as I am in-
formed, may soon be worth two hundred and
seventy; and I this moment learn that the in-
cumbent died last Tuesday.-Dr. Parr's talents
and character might well entitle him to better
patronage than this from those who know how
to estimate his merits; but I acknowledge
that a great additional motive with me to the
offer I now make him, is, that I believe I can
not do any thing more pleasing to his friends,
Mr. Fox, Mr. Sheridan, and Mr. Knight; and
I desire you, Sir, to consider yourself obliged
to them only. I have the honour to be, Sir,
with the greatest respect, your obedient ser-
vant,
FRANCIS BURDETT.

add, that I shall stay at Buckden for one week
only, and shall have reached Hatton about this
day fortnight, where I shall obey your com-
mands. One circumstance, I am sure, will
give you great satisfaction, and therefore I
shall beg leave to state it. The living of Graff-
ham will be of infinite value to me, because it
is tenable with a rectory I now have in North-
amptonshire; and happy I am that my future
residence will be fixed, and my existence closed,
upon that spot where Sir Francis Burdett has
given me the power of spending my old age
with comforts and conveniencies, quite equal
to the extent of my fondest wishes, and far
surpassing any expectations I have hitherto
ventured to indulge. I have the honour to be,
with the greatest respect, and most unfeigned
thankfulness, dear Sir, your very obedient,
faithful servant,
S. PARR.

FRENCH FUNDS.

For the Political Register.

Dr. Parr's Answer. Vicarage-bouse, Buckden, Sept. 26th, 1802. DEAR SIR, After rambling in various parts of Norfolk, I went to Cambridge, and from Cambridge I yesterday came to the parsonage of my most respectable friend, Mr. Maltby, at Buckden, where I this morning had the honour of re- SIR, Amidst the various information conceiving your letter. Mrs. Parr opened it last tained from time to time in your valuable ReFriday at Hatton, and I trust that you will par- gister, on the affairs of France, I do not redon the liberty she took in desiring your ser- collect to have seen any account of her PUBLIC vant to convey it to me in Huntingdonshire, FUNDS. The history of the French finances where she knew that I should be, as upon this from the commencement of the revolution; of day.-Permit me, dear Sir, to request that you the mode in which money has been raised, would accept the warmest and most sincere year after year, for carrying on so long and thanks of my heart for this unsolicited, but expensive a war; the origin and amount of most honourable, expression of your good will their present debt, their resources, and other towards me. Nothing can be more important particulars connected with this subject, would, to my worldly interest than the service you no doubt, be very interesting to many of your have done me, in presenting me to the living readers. I am led to make these observations of Graffham: nothing can be more exquisitely by the following circumstance. Seeing the gratifying to my very best feelings than the French Tiers Consolidé frequently quoted in language in which you have conveyed to me our newspapers, curiosity prompted me to this mark of your friendship. Indeed, dear make some inquiry respecting their public Sir, you have enabled me to pass the years of funds of a friend, whose situation I thought declining life in comfortable and honourable would enable him to procure me the desired independence. You have given me additional information. He sent the following statement, and unalterable conviction, that the firmness which was taken from a paper just put into with which I have adhered to my principles, his hands, and is probably a translation from has obtained for me the approbation of wise the French. I here insert it, that, if inaccuand good men. And when that approbation rate, it may be corrected, and that its deficiassumes, as it now does, the form of protec- ency of information may be supplied by one tion, I fairly confess to you, that the patron- of your correspondents qualified for the underage of Sir Francis Burdett has a right to be taking.-The public funds of France consist ranked among the proudest, as well as the of, 1st, Bank Shares, or Actions de la Banque, happiest, events of my life. I trust that my as they are called; 2d, Third Consolidated, or future conduct will justify you in the disinter- Tiers Consolidé.-The speculation on the Exested and generous gift which you have be- change at Paris turns principally on the Third stowed upon me: and sure I am that my Consolidated.-It is presumed that the amount friends Mr. Fox, Mr. Sheridan, and Mr. of that stock is about 38,000,000 francs already Knight, will not only share with me in my consolidated.-Life annuities, including penjoy, but sympathize with me in those senti- sions, may be 39,000,000 francs; but this sum ments of respect and gratitude which I shall decreases in proportion to the expiration of ever feel towards Sir Francis Burdett.-Most the lives. There will be this year about assuredly I shall myself set a higher value upon 2,800,000 francs of the provision consolidated your kindness, when I consider it as intended in the Tiers Consolidé; and there remain moreto gratify the friendly feelings of these excel-over is be liquidated 2,000,000 francs in per lent men, as well as to promote my own per-petual annuities: 20,000,000 francs in life ansonal happiness. I shall wait your pleasure nuitics.-The settlement of the above two an about the presentation; and I beg leave to nuities will take at least ten years.-The w

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