nistration has in its hand the means, not only the last is also united the office for the regulation correct all such evils as are evident, and shew of ceremonies.-III. As the duty of the minister. mselves by their destructive consequences, but of justice will be particularly defined in the code re especially to extirpate them by the roots at of laws which is now preparing, We hereby comir very origin; to remove all causes that might mand him to be guided, till that shall be publishe occasion to the disrurbance of public or pri- ed, by the instructions of the attorney-general, etranquillity, to discover and remedy the wants (procurator-general).-IV. The minister of the inthe people, and with prudence, zeal, and acti- terior is bound to watch over the universal good of 7, to promote in all things the observation of the people, the security, tranquillity, and good nterrupted order, and also the increase of the order of the whole empire. Under his direction es of nature and productions of art, which are all the branches of public industry, except the e for the foundation of cities, and for the mines; farther, the erection and keeping in repair ngth of the empire-The examples of ancient of all public buildings in the empire. It is also modern times convince every one, that the his duty to use his utmost efforts to prevent all re suitable the means applied, and the more the scarcity of provisions, and of all the more absoxims of the administration are in consonance, lute necessaries of life.-And in order to furnish more harmonious, solid, and perfect will be the him with all the means and occasions to attain ole body politic, and the more content and happy this end, which we proposed in the erection of ry member of it.-We, therefore, in pursuance this department, We do hereby command, I. All this rule, and the emotions of our heart, fol- governors, military and civil, to instruct this our ing the great genius of Peter the First, who minister, respecting all affairs touching the ade Russia a new face, and bequeathed to us the ministration, police, &c. of their departments, and tes of his wise plans, which his worthy suc- in the same manner to transmit to us, through his sors have strove to continue; have thought fit hands, as well the usual reports as those relating divide the affairs of the empire into several to extraordinary occurrences.-2. The chamber of ts, according to their natural relation to each finance to report to him, through the governors, er; and for their better administration, to en- on every thing relating to the public buildings at the superintendance of them to the mini- and their support, and also give him information whom we have appointed; having given respecting the amount of the population.-3. All m the leading rules by which they are to be marshals of the nobility and government to make led in the execution of every thing that their representations concerning the general wants and y requires from them, and what we expect general good, not only to the governors, but also n their fidelity, activity, and zeal for the public immediately to this our minister.-4. We confide d. On the directorial Senate, whose duties to his immediate superintendance, 1st, The colsupreme power we have confirmed by our lege of manufactures, excepting the office for the se of this day, we impose the important duty preparation and preservation of paper for bills of liar to this supreme tribunal, to superintend exchange and stamped paper; 2d, The college of conduct of the ministers in all the branches physicians; 3d, The chief salt-office, with all usted to their administration, and after com- places depending on it; 4th, The general post-ofing them with the ordinances of the empire, fice; and 5th, What relates to the economy of the the reports delivered directly to the Senate empire. The college for the administration of the court, to form their conclusion and make foreign colonies, and of agriculture, what concerns report to us. Having established the admi- matters of finance, and the printing of bills of exration according to these rules, we cherish the change, are excepted.-With respect to the minister ering hope that it will assist us in establishing of finances, the administration of the revenues public tranquillity, the solid and indestructible must be upon such principles as may at the same wark of the sovereign and the empire, to the time prevent the oppression of the people, and be ntenance and increase of the general welfare, advantageous for the crown, tend to augment the in giving to every one his just due; in ani- riches of the empire, and provide that the sources ing labour, industry, and commerce, in the en- of public wealth may never be dried up; but, if ragement of arts and sciences, so absolutely possible, rendered more productive. To the jusary to the happiness of nations; in short, risdiction of the minister of finance are subordi ring all branches of the government into a re-nate-the mines, the mint, the forests, the imper durable order, adapted to the end we have rial banks, &c. At the end of every year, the jew.-All these branches, in their natural con- minister must draw up a statement of the public ions with each other, all objects appertaining expenses for the year following, and present it, hem, and the first duties of the ministers, to together with a general view of the revenue of se care we have entrusted them, are accord- the ensuing year, to the Emperor, for confirmay defined and laid down in the following arti- tion. The functions of the imperial treasurer reI. The administration of the affairs of the main as before, till farther notice. Those of the ire is divided into eight branches, each of minister of commerce, who is at the head of all th comprehends every thing that by its nature officers of the customs, remain upon the basis of ertains to it, and constitutes that particular preceding regulations. Under the jurisdiction of artment, under the direction of its peculiar mi- the minister for public instruction, are the acadeer, whom we now appoint, or shall appoint in my of sciences, the universities, all schools, and are. These branches are, 1. The land forces; similar establishments, except those which are The marine; 3. Foreign affairs; 4. Administra- particularly under the care of the Empress-mother; 1 of justice; 5. Internal affairs; 6. The finances; also the censure, the publication of the newspa Commerce; 8. Public instruction.-II. The pers, and all periodical works, the public librate chief imperial colleges, i. e. of war, of the ries, &c. Five of these ministers have a colleague niralty, and of foreign affairs, are each under or adjunct minister. All places and departments direction of its minister, who superintends all send in weekly to their minister memoirs con arts, and all business dependant thereon: with cernig the things in course. In all difficult points

the minister makes a report to the Emperor, who lays these reports before the senate. Every minister must at the end of the year deliver to the Emperor a memoir, in writing, concerning his administration. The senate examines this memoir

in the presence of the minister, and then delivers it to the Emperor, with its opinion concerning his administration, and the state of the affairs entrusted to the minister. If the senate discovers any abuses, it demands an explanation from the minister, and, in case of need, presents a remonstrance to the Emperor. All ministers are members of the council, and have a seat and vote in the senate. The ministers must each, on appointed days, give audience to all those who have any representation to make them. The ministers enter upon their offices immediately. The colleague of the minister takes his place on all occasions, but is only answerable for what he has himself signed.

Until this period, the necessity of being near the town, in order to disembark the troops, stores, and provisions, has detained me in the road. By the 24th of December I expect to depart for the Trois Islets-a proceeding adopted by the English, who, during the winter season, repaired to that quarter, for the three days preceding and following the full moons. In pursaance of your instructions, I shall send to you a plan, accompanied with observations upon those anchoring places.-The captain-general, wishing to make known to the governors of the English | islands his arrival in these parts, and to begin that course of civility and good neighbourhood, which formerly existed between them and the French governors, I have dispatched l'Incorrup tible frigate to Dominique and Antigua, aud crdered her to deliver, as she passed Guadaloupe, your dispatches to the captain-general. I expect intelligence from that colony every moment respecting the state of our naval and military af fairs in that quarter, I have the honour to salute

Rear-Admiral Villeneuve, Commander in Chief
of the Naval Forces stationed at the Wind-
ward Islands, and at Cayenne, to the Mini-you.-Villeneuve.
ster of Marine and the Colonies.-On Board
le Jemmappe, in the Road of the Fort de
France, 22d September, 1802.

Citizen Minister,-The expedition destined for Martinique, quitted Brest the 14th Thermidor: it arrived in this road the 12th of September. The captain-general, Villaret, landed the 14th; the colony was delivered up; and the following day he appointed me to the chief command of the naval force in these seas. The flags of the Republic were displayed on all the forts, and salutes were given, as well by the shipping, as from the artillery on shore, and the commanders of the English division. In short, all the proceedings observed on similar occasions duly took place on the part of the respective nations. The reception given, by the inhabitants of the colony, to the representatives of the French government, was such as we could wish. Satisfaction was general, and the people appeared impressed with gratitude for the conduct of the government towards these colonies, in securing, by wise and strict laws, their lives and properties. They already seem to feel the advantages which French connexion would secure to them, and to keep in remembrance the efforts made by the mother country, and the blood shed by her sons, in endeavouring to re-unite them. We have found here twenty-four French trading vessels, come from the principal ports of the republic, and laden with all sorts of provisions, and articles of manufacture, which has reduced the prices to a rate equally advantageous to the colonist and to the merchant.The usual disorders have made some ravages in these countries, but their force is now nearly exhausted, and it is universally expected that no traces of them will remain after the winter season, which will here terminate about the 15th of October.-I have lost but five men, of whom three perished in consequence of drinking rum to excess. I have, in all, twenty-four men at the hospital.

Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Villa ret to the Minister of Marine, dated 23 September.

Citizen Minister, The division destined to take possession of Martinico, anchored in th road of Fort de France, after a passage of forty days. Our troops began to disembark on the 12th September, and on the 13th we took po session of the city and the forts, and at the same time General Castella took possession of Saint Pierre with 200 men. The inhabitants display ed the most lively joy. The Fort de France sad Saint Pierre were spontaneously illuminated by the inhabitants. Eight years of submission to foreign power have not made them forget thei mother country, nor the wisdom of the colonial system which the French government have adopted to bind Martinico for ever to France The ministers of the catholic reiglion exerted their influence for the attainment of this object On Sunday last, Father Archangel took the car of fidelity prescribed by the constitution. On Sunday next I shall go to Saint Pierre to rece the oaths of Father Trepsac, formerly a D. nican friar. After the installation of the net tribunals, the subjoined proclamation was par lished, and also one respecting the situation. the blacks. A crowd of negroes accompanied the officers when they were making this procia mation; they made the air resound with cries

Long live the Republic," This is the man ner in which they received the law for the con tinuation of slavery. If the reception Ind with upon this occasion is compared with the which I received at Saint Domingo, when proclaimed liberty to the blacks of that colect it will not he difficult to set a true value open the theories and the eloquent declamation of their friends. This colony is now in raz highest state of prosperity. The magazines v filled with colonial productions. Thirty m

Paris, Sept. 30.-Buonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic, and President of the Ita-cient laws shall be administered in every thing lian Republic, decrees,

which respects the force, organization, and general composition of this body, are as follow: -I. There shall be raised a municipal guard for the service of the city of Paris.II. The municipal guard of the city of Paris shall consist of 2154 infantry and 180 cavalry.-III. The infantry of the municipal guard shail form two regiments; the one to be employed in the service of the gates, and grand barriers, and the other in that of the interior of the city.-IV. The first regiment shall be divided into two battalions; one especially appropriated to the service of the gates, and the other to that of the grand barriers. That destined to the service of the interior of the city of Paris shall likewise be divided into two battalions.-V. The cavalry of the municipal guard of Paris shall form only one corps, to be distinguished by the name of squadron.-VI. None can be admitted into the municipal guard of Paris, unless he be above 30, and under 45-unless he be 1 metre 651-millimetres, or 5 feet 1 inch, old measure, in stature-unless he has served five campaigns in the war of liberty, has a military furlough in regular form, and a certificate of good behaviour-unless he can read and write-and unless he shall engage to serve ten years in the said guard.-VII. No person can be appointed a subaltern officer, unless he has occupied the same rank in the troops of the line, and proves that he has honourably served during five campaigns, as required by article 6. -VIII, No person can be appointed a superior officer, unless he has obtained at least the rank of captain in the troops of the line, and proves that he has served, with distinction, during five campaigns, as required by article 6.

and pepper, shall be levied in one nett sum. The tare to be deducted shall be for clayed sugars, in casks 15 per cent. for raw and loaf sugars, coffee, cocoa, and pepper, also in casks, 12 per cent. There shall be only 3 per cent. upon coffee, cocoa, and pepper, in bags.

CONDUCT OF MR. C. J. FOX.

The following two Letters are copied from the Morning Post. They contain some excellent remarks; but we cannot insert them without observing, that we dissent from almost every word, that the writer has uttered IN FAVOUR of Mr. Fox, in whose life, moral or political, we have never discovered any one act worthy of praise.

TO MR. C. J. FOX.

SIR," A letter to Mr. Fox," when not a personal lampoon, has usually been little more than effusion, which has been thus dedicated to you à convenient form and title, for some political ex officio, as the nominal leader of the opposition. I hope, Sir, to have at least this one advantage while I address you exclusively on subjects of naover your former public correspondents, that tional interest, I shall yet scrupulously confine myself to actions and speeches, which are your's, of our countrymen, and, I would fain believe, and your's only. In common with the majority with all whose minds have not been distorted by political alarm, or sicklied by religious cant, I have felt you, Sir, to be a genuine Englishman. We know that the original web of your character is English, notwithstanding some foreign fancy-patterns, which you may have incautiously suffered to be worked upon it. I have attributed to you, in an eminent degree, a healthy understanding, with healthy affections-if I may dare address so bold a Latinism to you, Sir! from the influence of whose future writings I hope and expect, that a pure and native English will once writers. Your honours and your occupations, again become the taste and fashion of English as the statesman, and as the leader of a party, have never over-stepped and stifled your plain sense, and plain feelings, as a human being. Nature appears to me to have distinguished you did faculties, as by an unusual portion of the from other men, not so much by rare and splengood, which, in a lesser quantity, belongs to all Paris, Oct. 15.-Consular Decree of the 11th men. For these reasons my admiration of your Oct. There shall be levied in future upon wool-character has been without wonder, and, in conlens in imitation of cottons, from the Levant only, an import duty of one franc.-There shall be levied in future an import duty of 100 francs per quintal upon foreign sword cutlery. The wines of Corsica are put on the same footing as those of the departments of the Bouches du Rhône, of the Var, and of the Maritime Alps, and shall pay upon their exportation to a foreign market only 1 franc 50 cents per hogshead. The duties of importation and consumption fixed by the Tariff, No. 1, annexed to the decree of the 3d Thermidor, upon raw sugars, coffee, cocoa,

The expense of the municipal guard is estimated at 1,268,000 franks for the infantry, and 236,000 for the cavalry. The charge is to be defrayed by a rate to be levied on the department of the Seine. The subsistence, cloathing, and equipment are the same as that of the troops of the line. The men are in like manner subject to military discipline. In addition to the ordiuary service of the police, they are to do duty at the theatres, and other places of poblic amusement, and, upon application to the police, to attend as guards at private balls and entertainments.

sequence, accompanied with a proportionably greater confidence. My attachment too has been fervent and sincere, but not blind, not that of a partisan. By the clearness with which I have seemed to myself to detect your errors, and by the pain and sense of reluctance, with which this detection has been uniformly attended, I have given evidence to my own mind, that my zeal has been in the light of knowledge. The most important, as well as the most recent, of these supposed errors will form the subject of the present letter. As an Englishman, for I have a right

to notice it in your public conduct all your countrymen have more than a life-interest. As a lover of unsophisticated English liberty, I have a motive to exercise the right. Yet, with how much greater, with how much purer a pleasure could I turn to your enemies, if the occasion permitted it, and recount the instances of your wisdom and integrity!

The French revolution makes it difficult to call up any impassioned attention to the political disputes which preceded it. It has to a wonderful degree diminished the impression even of those, who have been contemporary with it. What a tumultuous interest would not the Irish Union have excited in this country, if it had been attempted fourteen years earlier! The languid interest which it did excite (languid, compared with the importance and magnitude of the event), is a fact, not unworthy the notice of the philosophical historian. I shall confine my letter to that part of your political conduct, Sir, which has an immediate bearing on the French revolution.

by no means necessary, that one party should be in the right. More frequently, both are in the wrong. It had been well for your fame, and well, perhaps, for your country, if you, Sir, had acted on this principle. But no! The English ministry were to be attacked at every move. ment, and criminated in every measure: and so far, it must be admitted, their own blunders, their own lust of innovation, did but too amply justify you. But this did not appear sufficient, or, perhaps, practicable, to you, unless the French were as regularly defended. Where their conduct was too palpably, too outrageously, bad to admit of direct defence, a palliation was attempted; and you manifested at least a wish to defend. I do not mean to assert, that there were no parts in your numerous orations, which, if extracted, would not appear to contradict this statement-but I do assert, Sir, that such was the general spirit of your speeches, and the fact is notorious, that this was the general impression which they left on the minds of your countrymen. Your language, your sentiments, were You welcomed this stupendous event, Sir! felt as Gallican.-If your harangues in the with the spirit of an Englishman; with a spirit House of Commons, and at the Whig Club, which even in its excess was truly English. If were to be published under any one title, Vinyou shall ultimately appear to have erred, pos- dicie Gallica, is that which, to the feelings of terity will add more to your heart on this ac- a large majority of Englishmen, would best decount, than it will detract from your sagacity.signate their general contents. Your defences, To have hoped too boldly of our common nature, your palliations, your phraseology, would have is a fault, which all good men have an interest been plainly impolitic and offensive, had they in forgiving. As far as the final verdict on this been just and precise; and being too often inpart of your character lies with the good, you correct or overstrained they were injurious to will be tried, Sir! by a jury of accomplices. I yourself,, and to the glorious cause which you still flatter myself, that, the main source of your were pleading, to the cause of peace, of freecommon error will have been this--you suffered dom, and of the independence of nations in their yourself to forget, that the revolutionists were domestic concerns. Others, both in parliament Frenchmen. You were, however, Sir! assu- and out of it, took their tone from you. The redly on the further side of an allowable enthu- paper, which is devoted to your party, and siasm, when you pronounced the first constitu- which acts in the strictest conformity to its tion of France, "a stupendous monument of wishes, became, to all intents and purposes, the human wisdom and human happiness." The standing counsel for the French government. wish must have been indeed "the father to the The prejudices and the good sense of the coun thought," when you imagined, Sir! that a con- try were alike disgusted, and pious and sober stitution could receive its final and faultless shape men every where alarmed. at one cast; that the passions of a newly emancipated people, and that people the French, should run at once into the mould, like melted ores, and hardened in a few hours into perfection.

Similar praise is due to you, Sir! for your long and manly resistance to the violences which were offered by the late ministers to our laws and constitution-similar praise, and I fear, with similar deductions. I am not disposed to The first gust of Jacobinism was sufficient to charge you with countenancing the Correspondoverthrow this stupendous monument. It was ing Society. But, did you, or your friends, disoverthrown, the Sovereign murdered, and all countenance them? Did you, or your friends, Europe seemed moving under arms. For your speak publicly and uniformly with due abhor counsels and exertions at the commencement of rence of their principles or proceedings: Did this ominous war, and during the whole of its no kind of political courtship pass between these continuance, you have a just claim on the grati- English_revolutionists, and the friends of retude and admiration of your country. Your ef- form? It was the policy, let me say rather, it forts were proportioned to the awfulness of the was a trick of the associated Jacobins, or patrons occasion, and the melancholy event has demon-of revolution and universal suffrage, in this strated, that a portion of the gift of prophecy still rests upon the wise and good. We must be compelled to add, that you yourself appear to have been in part the cause of the frustration of your own counsels. History-nay, even the daily experience of our common law-courts teaches us, that, in contests of all kinds, it is

country, to represent themselves from the very infancy of their society, as already numerous and formidable. To be thought numerous, they knew, was one way of becoming so. I speak advisedly, and from personal knowledge of the fact. At the time, when their fifties would not have puzzled a New Zealander's arithmetic,