manufacture. If these modifications of the system of prohibition, which all well-informed merchants desire, be adopted, they will give a greater extension to Canal Navigation. It is to be hoped these observations will not escape the vigilant eye of Government.-Moniteur.

The Minister of Marine thus closes his Letter to the Maritime Prefect of Brest :"I am fully convinced of this principle, that the Colonies should exist only for the benefit of the mother country, and particularly for its commerce, hence the report I made to the First Consul on the propriety of reviving the regulations of the Decree of the month of August, 1784. But that these regulations should be followed, it is indispensible that the French, commerce should be exerted in supplying our colonies, in order that none of them may be left destitute; for it would be the height of injustice to reserve their commerce exclusively for the mother country, if the commerce of the latter did not provide that their produce should not be abandoned and regularly exchanged against articles of French industry. The commerce of France is very na turally about to be directed to her great colonies, but those of the second order must not be neglected. I fix its attention in a peculiar manner on Tobago and Cayenne, the former of which yields about 12,000,000 of livres produce, and Cayenne only requires commercial activity to arrive at a very high degree of splendour.

"The commerce of France will perceive it to be its interest, to establish connections and correspondence, and to direct its operations on these important colonies, so that returning the whole of their produce, they may be certain of receiving by a regular exchange, whatever their taste or wants may require

July 25-Rear-Admiral Gantheaume is appointed Maritime Prefect of the sixth district. Citizen Ducis, Judge of the Criminal Tribunal of Appeal at Paris, is appointed Commissary of Justice at St. Domingo.The Commissary of Commercial Relations of the Batavian Republic, residing at Nantes, has announced that he has been informed by a dispatch from the Secretary of State of his Government, that the Bank of Amsterdam is re-established on its ancient footing, and conformable to the mode of its primitive institution. We learn from the frontiers of Russia, that a numerous army is assembled there, probably for the purpose of re-estaplishing tranquillity in Wallachia.

DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.

GENERAL ORDERS.

Horse-Guards, July 7, 1802.

The Commander in Chief is pleased to approve of general officers commanding districts, granting leave of absence to offcers from this period to the 10th of March next (when, in conformity to his Majesty's regulations, all officers are to be present with their respective regiments), under the following limitations and restrictions; and in the event of regiments being in stations not composing parts of military districts under the command of general officers, it is his Royal Highness's pleasure, that the officers commanding shall be at liberty to use their discretion in extending the indulgence of leave of absence, under the same restrictions, to the officers of their respective regiments:--Half the field-officers, captains, and subaltern officers, shall be always present with their regiments.-General officers commanding in districts, or the colonels or field-officers in command of regiments (as the case may be), may grant leave of absence to such other officers, whose private affairs require it, taking care always to de tain, or from time to time to call in, a sufficient number of officers to do the duty of the regiment or battalion, in case it should be so situated as to require the attendance of more officers than those before mentioned, which are directed to be constantly present. It is to be observed, that no officer (except in the performance of duty, or for the purpose of joining his regiment) is to quit the United Kingdom, without hav ing first received his Majesty's special permission for so doing.-The officers appoint ed to carry on the recruiting service, shall not be included in the number hereby fixed for the constant duty of the regiment, or battalion, or by the number of those who shall be further called in by the commanding officer for that duty.-That the monthly return of such regiment and battalion be made up, and transmitted as ordered; and that the commanding officer, by whom each return shall be signed, do carefully examine the same, as he is to be responsible that they are in every respect conformable to the regulations before-mentioned.-That the number of officers hereby ordered to be present, shall remain with their commands until they shall be relieved; and that the commanding officer be enjoined not to per

mit them to absent themselves from duty on which they are employed, except in cases of great emergency, and then but for two days only; and all leaves so granted are to be signified in the next return, with the reasons for granting them.-It is to be understood, that although commanding officers are permitted by this order to use with discretion this indulgence to officers under their command, yet that the commanding officer hath not hereby a right to absent himself, neither is it meant that he should quit the quarters of his regiment, not even for two days, without leave obtained from the general officer commanding in the district, or in the event of the regiment being out of districts, without making application to head quarters.

By order of his Royal Highness the Commander in Chief,

Harry Calvert, Adj. Gen. of the Forces.

EAST-INDIES.

The following official Letter from MajorGeneral Campbell, commanding the forces in the ceded districts, to the Government Madras, has just been received via

Lieut. Fitchet, of his Majesty's 73d regiment: the guns were also got into them, and at a quarter past six o'clock yesterday morning, both opened with the best possible effect. In the course of the day, the fire of Lieut. Fitchet's battery effected a practicable breach in the flower wall, and at the same time opened the face of the citadel; while that from Capt. Crosdill's made a breach in the curtain sufficiently wide for a company to enter abreast.-These desirable objects being attained, the line turned out at half past three in the afternoon, and the storming parties were formed in the following order: that for the north-west breach under Lieutenant Colonel Davis, seconded by Major Strachan, consisting of the flank and two battalion companies of his Majesty's 73d regiment; one company of the 2d battalion of the 4th regiment; and four companies of the 1st battalion of the 12th regiment, native, flanked by forty volunteer dismounted dragoons of his Majesty's 25th regiment: that for the eastern breach, under Captain Robert Munro, consisted of three battalion companies of his Majesty's 73d regiment; the flank companies of the 2d battalion of the 4th regiment, and two companies of the 2d battalion of the 15th Bombay regiment, native infantry. At a quarter before four o'clock the troops were ordered Tilba Chaunier, Esq. Chief Secretary to the to advance, and in half an hour were comGovernment, Fort St. George. pletely niasters of the place, the rebels havS-I have great satisfaction in reporting quitted the works, and retreated to their ing, for the information of the Right Hon. well-built houses, where they for some time the Governor in Council, the following par- individually defended themselves: most of ticalars relative to the operation against them were, however, killed, and of those Timakull, which have happily terminated who fled, but very few, if any, escaped the in the fall of that fort, and chastisement of cavalry, who surrounded the fort. To the its rebel defenders. Immediately after the honour of the troops, I must beg leave to air of the 20th inst. I detached Major add, that every woman and child was huStrachan, Captain Noble, and Mr. Deputy manely spared, only two of the former, and Commissary Best, to Gooty, to prepare such poue of the latter, having fallen, even from beary guns as the place afforded. On a accidental shot. The wound formerly re Duute inspection, only one iron twelve, ceived by Lieutenant-Colonel Moneypenny, one iron and one brass nine-pounder, were deprived me of his valuable services on the And fit for our purpose. By the strenuous present occasion; but his place was most exertions of the garrison, these guns were ably filled by Lieutenant-Colonel Davis; raght down from the rock, and 250 and though it is difficult to discriminate ds of ammunition for each, with carwhere all have behaved in a manner so ho ages, and the articles necessary to keep nourable to themselves, with such perfect in order, were got ready; and with unanimity, and so much to my entire satis supply the Major and party arrived in faction, I yet feel it my duty to point out up on the 26th. Fascines and gabions to his lordship's notice, Lieutenant-Colonel had been made here; and in the night of Moneypenny, Lieutenant-Col. Davis, Major 2gth, a battery for six guns, against the Strachan, Capt. Robert Munro, Capt. Cros th-west curtain of the lower fort, was dill, Capt. Noble, and Lieut. Fitcher, as Constructed by Captain Crosdill, of Artil-officers whose zeal and ability have shone by; and another for three guns against conspicuous throughout, and to whose exer the east face of the fort and citadel, by tions I am particularly indebted.

On this side of the water we are in daily expectation of hearing that a large body of Frenchmen have landed at New Orleans, to take possession of Louisiana. Notwithstanding all the quibbling of their partizans to the contrary, as soon as the bloody business of Guadaloupe and St. Domingo is dispatched, they will be ready to embrace their ancient allies with a fraternal hug. This idea you may sately conclude gave us all the horrors: I say, all, because, a few mercenary jacobins excepted, the French have very few real friends in the United States. Honest men always detested them, and knaves begin to suspect that Buonaparté is rather unfriendly to the great cause of universal insurrection.

Much praise is due to my Aid-de-Camp, | the whole of the war, the burthen of all bis Captain Read, whose zeal and activity, dur. orations was peace; and, the man who fights ing our various operations against the place, for peace will certainly be beaten by him were unremitted. Nor can I pass over in who fights for glory. silence the meritorious conduct of Lieut. Maclean, of his Majesty's 25th light dragoons, who on the several attacks of the 14th, 20th, and 30th instant, stept voluntarily forward to accompany Major Strachan. The conduct of Mr. Deputy Commissary Best has also been much to my satisfaction. -It gives me the most heart-felt pleasure to add, that not a life has been lost on this occasion, and that the accompanying return (not received), of wounded, will be found to contain but very few. The officers and most of the men formerly wounded, are doing well.-A minute examination of the fort, and the knowledge since obtained, enables me to add, that the attack made by Major Strachan, on the 14th inst. was by no means more spirited than judicious, for determined resistance must long ere that have been the fixed intention of the rebels, as it is now ascertained that the several gates were previously built up.-The Potail, or Killedar, of Timakul, has been hanged, but the women, children, and such of the wounded rebels as were collected after the assault of yesterday, have been permitted to depart. It is my intention to destroy the whole of the fort, and I feel confident that this example will effectually restore the tranquillity of the Adoni Province.

The time seems to be approaching, when the citizens of these States will be punished for their former attachment to France. If the Corsican sends a considerable number of his armed slaves, to fraternize with the southern and western States, at a time when the whole country is divided by the most bitter animosities, and are ready to cut one-another's throats, without his invitation, a good providence only can save

us.

Whether this interposition will be evidenced by paralizing the arms, and confounding the councils of our enemies, or by raising up some powerful friend and ally, (Signed) Dugald Campbell, Maj. Gen. must be left to the Almighty Being, whose Camp at Timakull, Jan. 1, 1802.

I have the honour to be, &c.

TO THE EDITOR,

Baltimore, June 14, 1802. Dear Sir, I begin to think, that a peace was necessary; for your country seems to be destitute of that superior order of men, who are qualified to weild the arms and resources of a great and powerful nation, in the manner the war required, and against such a foe as you had to contend with. Perhaps the ministers were conscious of this imbecility, and availed themselves of the moment of victory to obtain the best terms they could. There are men who have not minds strong enough to meet unmoved the storms of war, who are nevertheless well qualified to direct the operations of peace. This appears to be the character of Mr. Pitt, who, with no want of personal courage, has betrayed much political pusillanimity. During

councils are as unsearchable as they are wise.

The evils of this French vicinage may not appear in their full magnitude for a few years, but to me they seem inevitable. For Frenchmen never remained long at peace with any neighbouring nation, which was too proud to submit to their controul. But whenever this misfortune occurs, the dispassionate spectator will, I am afraid, be obliged to acknowledge, that it has been me rited by the United States.

Probably one of the first manœuvres of the French, after they are settled in Louisiana, will be to tamper with the savage tribes bordering on Canada, with the white inha bitants of our western territories, and with their own countrymen settled in Canada, in order to prepare the way for the invasion of that province. This, doubtless, will be their first attempt, as the easiest mode of virtually subjugating the United States, and one in which the enemies of Great-Britain,

scattered through the country, will more readily co-operate.

To prevent this disaster, immediate attention should be paid by the British Government to the state of Canada; the friendship of the savages should be conciliated by all possible means; and the military posts should be well fortified and garrisoned; in short, the country should be placed in such an attitude of defence, as to discourage the attempt. The enemy will then confine his machinations to the United States, for he must be engaged in mischief: and here I trust he will meet with a complete discomfiture, if we partake of your assistance at a proper crisis. Although your ministry seem to have lost sight of the artful and ambifious character of your enemy, as well as of your own real superiority, if we judge from the terms of the treaty of peace, they can hardly be so blind as not to see the danger that will threaten Canada, when the French are possessed of the banks of the Mississippi. When these possessed Canada formerly, they spread their military posts from the St. Lawrence to the former river, proceeding from north to south; they have always regreted the loss of that country; and they will now strive to recover it from you, by proceeding from south to north,

The removal of federalist, and the promotion of democrats, seems to be the order of the day. Jefferson seems determined not to leave a man of his enemies in officeand as soon as they are displaced, the jaco bin editors of newspapers dress up the poor ex-officers like devils, to frighten the ignorant herd. This recalls to my mind the transactions of former times; when to prepare the way for independence, the British Government and all its servants were calumniated and vilified to the utmost; and I am disposed to view the present democratic tricks as an apt exemplification of the lex

talionis.

dence and firmness of mind, as well as soundness of intellects, to continue long under their tutelage; for this reason they begin to suspect that he is a scoundrel, and unworthy of the favours of the sovereign people. At the next election, therefore, Citizen Burr must be either President of the United States, or nothing; and indeed, aut Cæsar, aut Nibil, is a motto well suited to his ambitious mind. You know that he is a man of great industry, of infinite art and address, and must agree with me that unless his enemies are uncommonly active, it is not improbable, he will tumble their idol, mamoth, from his throne.

The federalists, however, suspect Burr; and, to acknowledge a sad truth, not only the next election, but every other political event in this country, will, it is to be feared, depend upon the views and interests of Buonaparté: we are, as usual bold in dularations, but, if Buonaparte's friendship, or rather his forbearance, is to be purchased only by the continuation of Jefferson in power, in power he will continue.

In perusing Sir. F. Eden's Letters on the Peace with Buonaparté (which you were so good as to send me) I was particularly struck with the great decrease of British shipping, employed in the fisheries from 1790 to 1800, which was a diminution of more than 40,000 tons; as well as with the comparative state of the tonnage of British and foreign vessels, cleared outwards, from England and Scotland to the United States of America, in 1789, and the eleven following years. The first year was about the time our Navigation Act took place. At this time the British tonnage to the United States was more than 72,000 tons, and the foreign (or American) 29,000 tons: in 1792, before you had felt the effects of the war, and solely by the operation of our navigation law, your tonnage had fallen down to 51,000, and ours, by a gradual increase, had risen to near 60,000; and, still more, in 1800 the former had sunk to 14,000, and the latter had swoln to the enormous amount of 110,000 tons! Think of this, ye sages of the British Senate, and if you can account for the phenomenon on any other principle than the superior policy of my country, it is more than I can!

There is a formidable schism among the members of the reigning sect. Aaron Burr, the Vice-President, has done some acts to excite the jealousy of its leaders. He decines their company; he has given his vote, in some cases, in opposition to their meass; and he has been heard to express himself irreverently of their financial talents. He bas taken some pains to suppress the history *** I am yours, &c. of Adams administration, written by an P.S. June 17-Since writing the foregoEnglish jacobin, and he is accused of har-ing I have read with indignation that you bouring a design to supplant Jefferson at the have suffered a second time by an illuminatnext election; all which you will read in ing mob, and that some of the servants of some of the pamphlets published here. Be the General Post-Office were concerned in sides, they think he has too much indepen- the outrages. It is ungenerous in the ad

ministration, that, not satisfied with making knaves and fools dance and sing, to celebrate the humiliation of Old England, and their own dishonour, they will not suffer honest men to look sad at the same time. Upon my word, this is a trait of sanscullotism, unworthy the defenders of religion and "social order.".

SUMMARY OF POLITICS.

such men complain of the foul play of Sir Francis Burdett? What! shall those, who, at the signing of the preliminaries, announced, through the news papers, that our allies were maintained in their integrity, as before the war; those who affected to regard the fall in the price of provisions as a con sequence of the peace; those who obtained, by treaty, the evacuation of Egypt by the French; those who asserted Mr. Windham to be the enemy of "all peace, whatever its conditions;" those who represented the opponents of the It was our intention to have entered into peace as the members of a conspiracy, formed a refutation of certain political doctrines, for the purpose of supplanting the ministers; shall which Sir Francis Burdett has published and those, in short, who, for the sake of retainpasted through the county of Middlesex; ing their places, have had recourse to every but, upon closer examination, we find them trick calculated to deceive the ignorant and to proceed upon notions so directly subver- the listless, shall such men complain of missive of the laws and government of the representation! Sir Francis Burdett's adver country, that any controversy with him tisements are replete with falsehood and must necessarily have for its object, to prove malice; but are they more so than the mithe inexpediency of destroying the monarchy of Eng-nisterial paragraphs of the True Briton? Land. To reason with such a man would be absurd: he must be treated with silent contempt, or be combatted with weapons very different from a pen. While, however, we declare our abhorrence of the principles and conduct of the man, who, in alluding to the British government, speaks of hired "magistrates, parliaments, and kings; while we detest and loath Sir Francis Burdett, while we would trample upon him, for his false, base, and insolent insinuations and assertions respecting his and our sovereign, we are by no means inclined to join in the clamorous lamentations of those, who regret his success merely because it is a triumph over the ministry, who have, in the Middlesex election, met with no more than a just punishment for their conduct towards Mr. Baker, whose only offence was having voted against that deed of everlasting disgrace, the treaty of Amiens. The ministers and their peace-loving partizans, so far from having reason to complain of Sir Francis, are the only people in the whole world who have not a right to complain of him. The arts he has made use of have been borrowed from them, and from them alone. In order to carry the measure which was to secure them in their places, they first obtained, by the grossest and most shameful misrepresentations, the applause of the vile and ignorant rabble; and then, with the most cool and unblushing assurance, they boasted of that applause as the unanimous wice of the nation, though they well knew that the voice of every man of sense and of public spirit was against them. Shall

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Are they more false and malicious than the article, entitled "General Orders," to which the slave Heriot had the audacity to affix the name of Lord Grenville? Are they more detestably base and wicked than the paragraph, in which the same slave, represented the editor of this work as being an American, and that too for the sole purpose of exciting against him the fury of the ministerial mob? Did the placards of Sir Francis tend to disturb the peace of the city more than those of Sir John Eamer and Sir Richard Ford? Have the thieves and fools who aided his cause, and graced his triumph, been more noisy, insolent, or riotous, than those who enforced Mr. Ad. dington's and Lord Hawkesbury's illuminations? One evil act does not, indeed, justify another; but, every where, except in courts of justice, at least, the accusing of the guilty should be confined to the innocent. The present ministers have set an example of misrepresentation, which will not soon be forgotten; they have eagerly availed themselves of the assistance of the mob, and some of the subalterns in office, detected in the art of enforcing their illumi nations, they have retained, and still do retain, in the pay of the public, notwithstanding they have been fully convicted of the crime, for which they were committed to jail. And, shall these men complain of

inobs and riots!

Mr. Addington, the honest Mr. Addington, or, as Buonaparté calls him, the respectable Mr. Addington, has taken into his family that lucrative place the clerkship of the pells,