natic were bound not to enter inte any political death frustrated the wish of the Brit. govt to obtain negociations or correspondence with any European from that prince satisfactory security for the rights power or state, without the consent of the govt of pledged to the comp. in the Carnatic. The death Fort St. George, or of the comp. formed a funda- of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah has not affected the mental condition of the alliance between the said rights acquired by the Brit. govt under the disnabob and the comp.; and the violation of the covery of his breach of the alliance. Whatever said stipulations necessarily involved the entire claim the reputed son of the nabob Omdut ul Omforfeiture, on the part of the nabob, of all the be- rah may be supposed to possess to the comp.'s supe nefits of the said alliance.-11. The nabob Mo- port of his pretensions to the govt of the Carnatic, hammed Ally, and the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, is founded on the grounds of the right of Omdut have violated the said stipulations, and have there- | ul Omrah to the assistance of the comp. in seby forfeited all the benefits of the said alliance; curing his succession to the nabob Mohammed and the nabob Mohammed Ally, and the nabob Ally in the govt of the Carnatic, was founded on Omdut ul Omrah, having violated the said stipu- the express stipulations of the treaty of 1792. The lations for the express purpose of establishing an result of the propositions stated in this declaration union of interests with Tippoo Sultaun, thereby, has established abundant proof, that the fundaplaced themselves in the condition of public ene- mental principles of the alliance between the mies to the Brit. govt in India.-It is manifest, comp. and the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, as well as therefore, that the intentions of the nabobs Mo- the express letter of the treaty of 1792, had been hammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, having been absolutely violated and rendered of no effect by uniformly and without interruption hostile to the the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ui OmBrit. power in India, and that those intentions rah, previously to the ostensible conclusion of have been carried into effect to the full extent of that instrument. It is manifest, therefore, that the actual power possessed by their highnesses re- the nabob Omdut ul Omrah could derive no rights spectively, at the several periods of time in which from the formal ratification of that treaty, the they have acted in pursuance of their system of vital spirit of which had already been annihilated co-operation with the enemy. By acting on these by the hostile and faithless conduct of his highness, principles of conduct, the nabobs Mohammed and that the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut Ally and Omdut ul Omrah not only violated the ul Omrah, by forming an intimate union of interights of the comp. but by uniting their interests rests with Tippoo Sultaun, had actually placed with those of the most implacable enemy of the themselves in the relation of public enemies to Brit. empire, actually placed themselves in the the Brit. empire in India. Whatever claim to the relation of public enemies to the Brit. govt, dan-comp.'s protection and support the reputed son of gerous to the extent of their respective power, and Omdut ul Omrah may derive from his supposed faactive according to the means and opportunitiesther, had been utterly destroyed by the hostile conafforded to them by the circumstances of the moment, and especially by the most severe exigency and pressure of war; every principle, therefore, of public law release the Brit. govt from the intended obligations of the treaty of 1792; and every consideration of self-defence and security authorized the comp. to exercise its power in the manner most expedient for the purpose of frustrating the hostile councils of the late nabob of the Carnatic, modelled upon the artful example, actuated by the faithless spirit, and sanctioned by the testamentary voice of his father. In proceeding to exercise this right, it was painful to the Brit. govt to be compelled to expose to the world all these humiliating proofs of the ingratitude and treachery of the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah,towards that power which has uniformly proved their guardian and protector; and in acting from the impression of this sentiment, the Brit. govi was more desirous of consulting its own dignity, than of admitting any claims on the part of those infatuated princes to its generosity and forbear ance. In conformity to this spirit of temperance and moderation, it was the intention of the Brit. govt to have made a formal communication to the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, of the proofs which had been obtained of his highness's breach of the alliance, with a view of obtaining, by the most lenient means, satisfaction for the injury sustained by the Brit. govt, and security against the future operation of the hostile councils of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah. Circumstances of expediency, connected with the general interests and policy of the Brit. govt, interrupted the communication of this document to the nabob Omdut ui Omralı; the intermediate illness of his highness protracted the execution of that intention, and his subsequent duct of Omdut ul Omrah; it lows, therefore, that the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah has succeeded to the condition of his father, which condition was that of a public enemy; and, consequently, that at the death of Omdut ul Omrah, the Brit. govt remained at liberty to exercise its rights, founded on the faithless policy of its ally, in whatever manner might be deemed most conducive to the immediate safety and the general interests of the comp. in the Carnatic. Before the Brit. govt proceed to exercise this right, founded on the violation of the alliance, and on the necessity of selfdefence, it was desirous of manifesting its attention to the long established connexion between the comp. and the house of Omdut ul Omrah, by sacrificing to the sentiments of national magnani mity and generosity the resentment created by his highness's flagrant breach of the alliance. In the spirit of those councils, therefore, with which it had been the intention of the Brit. govt to demand satisfaction and security from the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, and to avoid the publication of facts so humiliating to the family of that prince, the Brit. govt communicated to the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah, knowledge of the proofs now existing in the possession of the govt at Fort St. George of the violation of the alliance, at the same time the Brit. govt manifested a consistent adherence to the principles of moderation and forbearance, by opening a latitude to the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah to form, by means of an amicable adjustment, that satisfaction and security which the hostile and faithless conduct of his supposed father had entitled the Brit. govt to demand, and which the dictates of prudence and self-defence compelled it to require. The repated son of Omdut ul Omrah, by and with the advic H of the persons appointed by his father's will to The following conversation took place at a vi assist his councils, has persisted in opposing a it made by the princes to the nabob Wallajah on determined resistance to this demand, thereby 21st Tuckee, 1220, (10th of June, 1792)-We exhibiting an unequivocal proof, that the spirit presented Nuzzurs of eleven gold mohurs to the which actuated the hostile councils of the nabobs nabob Wallajah, of which his highness took one, Mahommed Ally and Omdut ul Omiah, has been and rising, embraced us and said, "May God long transmitted with unabated vigour to the supposed preserve Tippoo Sultaun, who is the pillar of the son of Omdut ul Omrah, secured in its operation religion of Mahomed. Night and day I used to under the sanctimonious forms of their testamen- be absolved in this contemplation, and to pray for tary injunctions, and preserved with_religious at- his highness's prosperity; I call God to witness tachment by the ostensible descendant of that this fact, because the confederacy of three allies prince. Frustrated in the hope of obtaihing, from, was for the subversion of the Mahomedan religion. the reputed son of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, It is solely to be attributed to the Divine goodreparation for its injuries and security for its rights, ness, that the prayers of us sinners have been acthe Brit. govt is now reluctantly compelled to pub-cepted. Eelieve it true, that I from my heart lish to the world the proofs of this flagrant viola- desire the welfare of the sultaun."-When the, tion of the most sacred ties of amity and alliance, princes and we took leave of the naboh Wallajah, by the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul and were going away, he came up to us, and with Omrah, and the hereditary spirit of enmity mani- a great deal of warmth desired us to stay, as he had fested by the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah to something to say to us. We replied we were the interests of the Brit. govt. The duty and ne-ready. He then told us, that his life was now cessity of self-defence require the Brit. govt, un-drawing to a close; that for what had hitherto der the circumstances of this case, to exercise its power in the attainment of an adequate security for its rights; justice and moderation warrant, that the family of Omdut ul Omrah shall be deprived of the means of completing its systematic course of hostility; wisdom and prudence demand, that the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah shall not be permitted to retain possession of resources dangerous to the tranquillity of the Brit. govt in the peninsula of India. Wherefore the Brit. govt, still adhering to the principles of moderation, and actuated by its uniform desire of obtaining security for its rights and interests in the Carnatic, by an arrangement founded the principles of the long subsisting alliance between the comp, and the family of the nabob Mahommed Ally, judged it expedient to enter into a negociation for that purpose with the prince Azeem ul Dowlah Behauder, the son and heir of Azeem ul Omrah,, who was the second son of the nabob Mahommed Ally, and the immediate great grandson by both his parents of the nabob Anwer ud Deen Khan, of blessed memory. And his highness the prince Azeem ul Farther Extract. On the 24th of Tuckee (13th Dowlah Behauder having entered into engage- June, 1792) Wallajah, Omdut ul Omrah, and ments for the express purpose of reviving the al-Hussien Nawauz Khaun, youngest son of Wallaliance between the comp, and his illustrious ancestors, and of establishing an adequate security for the Brit. interests in the Carnatic, the Brit. govt has now resolved to exercise its rights and its power, ender Providence, in supporting and establishing the hereditary pretensions of the prince Azeem ul Dowlah Behauder in the soubahdarry of the territories of Arcot, and of the Carnatic Payen Ghaut. And, for the more full explanation of the grounds and motives of this declaration, the rt hon. the govr in council, by and with the authority of his excellency the govr gen. in council, has caused attested copies and extracts of several documents discovered at Seringapatam to be annexed hereunto, together with an extract from the treaties of 1787 and 1792.-By order of the rt hon. the govr in council. J. WEEEE, Chief Sec. to Govt. Fort St. George, 31st July, 1801. Appendix to the Declaration of the Right Hon. the Governor in Council of Fort St. George, bearing date the 31st July, 1801. No. 1. Extracts from a letter from Gholaum Alli Khaun and Alli Rezza Khann, to Tippoo Sullaun; dated the 26th Tuckee, 1220, (15th June, 1792.) taken place between his highness and your majesty there was no remedy; but now, merely out of a regard to the faith (of which your majesty was a pillar) he was desirous of establishing a cordial harmony with your majesty; and if we, having in view the claims of both parties (upon our endeavours) would in the presence of God exert ourselves for this purpose, the Almighty would reward us, and both parties would reap the benefits of this event, which were great and numberless; that although his haess wanted to prevent the war between your majesty and the three allied states, yet that Nizam Alli Klaun, at the latter period of his life, was thus preparing for futurity, by exerting himself for the destruction of religion. It was solely from a regard to the faith, that hus highness did not encourage the measure, and that he now declares that, in a thousand points of view, it was adviseable that perfect harmony should reign between your majesty and his highness. We replied, that we would undoubtedly report all this to your majesty. jah, Id Cornwallis, and gen. Meadows, came to visit the princes. They sat two hours (about three quarters of an hour English) and talked a great deal with them. His highness took'occasion to observe, that we considered him to have been an enemy, whereas he declared in the presence of God, that he was not, and is not; that, on the contrary, he was a friend and well-wisher; and that he had opposed the breach between your majesty and the three allied states to such a degree, that every one decided in his own mind, that inwardly your majesty and his Highness were one; and he desired us to ask Id Cornwallis and gen. Meadows, who were present, whether he said true or not. (A true translation.) N. R. EDMONSTONE, Pers. Tranr to the S. G. No. 2. Extract of a Letter from Gholaum Alli Khan and Aili Rezza, to Tippoo Sultaun; dated 3d of Sunree of the year Schir, 1220, A. N. Mahomed (21st June, 1792.) We had the honour to receive your majesty's most gracious letter, dated Sth Turkee (28th May, 1792) giving cover to a slip of paper, upon which were written two couplets on the 28th Turkee. pay a visit to the princes, as he was very anxious, We have from the first understood the writing, to see his sons (as he called them). In reply, we your majesty knows of, as your majesty has begged he would give our respects, and represent, explained it, and when occasion requires, will to his highness, that the houses of the princes, and. act in conformity to your majesty's commands, they themselves, were his own, and that the Your majesty has desired that we will not disclose princes were his guests; that he was their superior, this subject to any person. God is our witness and his company there would afford them much that we have, from the commencement of our happiness; but that, if he wished it, we ourselves. service to the present time, inviolably kept your would most readily attend him. Accordingly, at majesty's commands, which we consider as a re- one pans of the following day (about 9 o'clock) ligious obligation: and we declare to your ma-Walajah, accompanied by Omdut ul Omirah and jesty that we have not divulged, neither will we Hassein Newauz Khan, paid a visit to the princes,, divulge them to any one: we are the servants of and taking them upon his knees for about two God, the disciples of Mahomed, and the depen-hours, blessed them, and said, May God long and dants of your majesty, during our lives, and never permanently preserve the shadow of Tippoo Sulwill. An observance of the secrets of our mas- taun extended over you and me, since in this age ters is enjoined by the Khoran. By the grace of the preservation of religion depends upon himGod, and through the blessing of the salt of your alone. I have passed my 80th year, and in that majesty, the King of Kings, we have, never in-time many are the things I have seen and done, fringed, and never will infringe, this injunction in the slightest degree upon any occasion. N. B. EDMONSTONE. (A true translation.) No. 5. Translation of an Arzee from Alli Rezza Khan and Gholaum Alli Khan, to Tippoo Sultaun; dated the 4th of Sumree of the year Schir, 1220, A. N. Mahomed (224 June, 1792.) and experienced. What is passed is passed, and God only knows what futurity may bring to light. At present the maintenance of religion rests with Tippoo Sultaun, and may God preserve and keep him victorious and triumphant. I do not say this merely in your presence; but I say it, taking to witness Him who knows all that is hidden. Night and day, after the prayers of the day, On the 14th Jaffree (25d July, 1792) we had and on Friday after public devotion, I offer the honour to receive by two messengers your up my prayers (meaning for Tippoo Sultaun) majesty's letter, dated 8th Sumrec (26th June, and require the people also to do the same. His 1792) enclosing a slip of paper containing a highness spoke to us also in terms of great warmth Couplet. We were before acquainted with the and friendship, and after sitting two hours went meaning of the couplet, as explained by your away. As Wallajah had paid a visit to the princes, majesty, and accordingly have before this written it became necessary that they should return it, and to your majesty in conformity thereto, and will consequently they waited upon him the next day, still continue as occasion may require, to write to which was the Eedoo Zeha (or Feast of the your majesty. Your majesty desires that we will Camel); the nawaub, accompanied by Omdut uk not divulge the circumstance to any one. Refuge Omrah and the other sirdars, came out to meet of the world! we consider the concealment of the them as on the feast day, and having assisted the commands and secrets of our superiors in the light princes in alighting from their palanquins, took; of a religious duty; not to divulge the orders of them within the house, where he repeatedly caprinces is enjoined by the Khoran, and this is a ressed them both, and said, "God preserve the duty imposed upon all servants by the word of sultaun in safety, for through him alone these God. Who would be so forgetful of his God, and rituals and observances of the faith (alluding proregardless of religion, as to sacrifice, by a disclo-bably to the Eed) yet remain." He then obsure of secrets committed to his charge, his pre-served to us, "In my first conversation with you, sent and future happiness? In the presence of I spoke to you upon the subject of establishing a Almighty God, we declare to your majesty, that friendship and harmony between me and Tippoo from the time we entered your majesty's service to Sultaun. Have you intimated it to him, and have the present moment, a term of 11 years, none but you received a favourable answer?" We replied, Almighty God is or shall be privy to the commands that we had set forth to your majesty, word for with which you have entrusted us. Such is our word, the friendly sentiments his highness had fidelity, that Divine Providence may perhaps, expressed, and that your majesty had written in through its blessings, prosper us in this and a fu-reply, that friendship, union, and brotherly reture state, and keep us supported in respectabilitygard, had, from the beginning, been established and credit near your majesty. All farther particulars will be fully made known to your majesty from the arzees which we have successively dispatched to you. The princes, who are in health, beg to offer their most humble respects to your majesty. (A true translation.) N. B. EDMONSTONE. among the professors of Islamism, as was evinced by the testimony of the holy book, agreeably to the prescriptions of which your majesty wished that cordial friendship and attachment should, without prejudice or partiality, be established between the followers of the faith, as the means of supporting the religion of Mahomed; and that your majesty added, "God preseve the nawaub Wallajah, who is a prince, and one of the leaders of the faithful, and a pillar of the faith. A: the term, "a pillar of the faith," the nawaub could not suppress his tears, and said, "I am what I On the 8th Tehejeh (29th July, 1792) the nabob know myself to be." Tell the Sultaun, that he is Wallajah sent a messenger to us by Mahomed Ab-the pillar of the faith; and may God preserve him doolla Khan, that the following day, being that and grant him a long life, since I and all Massulpreceding the Eed, he would, if we desired it, men derive support from him; for otherwise the No. 4. Extract from a Letter from Gholaum Alli (A true translation.) N. B. EDMONSTONE. No. 5.-Extract from a Letter from Tippoo Sultan to state of affairs here is evident. That which is evi- lue, and it is not your province to "interpose bedent does not require explanation.” We also, in tween me and my children." In like manner conformity to your majesty's commands, men- his highness presented Gholaum Alli Khaun with a tioned to his highness in a becoming and suitable khellaut, consisting of a khulgu and surpaish, me manner, whatever there was to state upon the with a surpaish and khellaut, and Shirkh Soliman subject of friendship and attachment. His high- Khan with another. He then took a hand of each ness replied, "In consideration of the complexion of the princes, and descending from the upper of the times, the state of which is manifest, and part of his house, accompanied them to the outer that the support of the religion of Mahomed door of the toshuk honnah, when he took leare in this country entirely depends upon the sul- of them. Omdut ul Omrah, and his other sous, taun, my nightly and daily prayer is offered up attended them to the road, where they left them, for his good." He then said to the princes, after seeing them into their palanquins, and the "Oh! my sons! if my life and property can be of nabob at parting embraced them with the greatest any service to you, God is witness that I will not warmth.-We have thus communicated to your refuse them to you." He then gave orders to the majesty the particulars of the friendly conduct of superintendant of the gardens to carry every day the nabob Walajah and the other sirdars; in fact, fruits and flowers to the princes, before his (the the disposition of all ranks of people is equally nabob's) own children; and said to us, "You are favourable, for whenever the princes go out any not acquainted with the state and order of affairs where, thousands of them stand in the street, and here. Consider me from my heart your well-offer up prayers for your majesty's prosperity. wisher and sincere friend; and at all times be as- On festivals and on Fridays in congregation, all sured, that in whatever I may be able to effect the Mussulmans first offer up their prayers fot your benefit, either by word or deed, I will not your majesty's preservation. May God fulfil decline my exertions. What I said and wrote to them! Upon our return dancing girls and musihis ldp upon the subject of making peace, God cians, &c. were sent with the prince's retinue, well knows who was then or is now desirous of and after our arrival at the prince's house, and it. His ldp, however, possessed uncontrouled sitting there for two hours, danced, and were authority, was a man of wisdom, and listened to then dismissed. the advice of others, and my observations made an impression upon me.God preserve you and me from the wicked designs of others." Major Doveton and another officer being of the party, his highness appealed to them, observing, that they had been present at the time, and could speak to the truth I have received and understood the contents of or falsity of what he said. Major Doveton reyour arzce, intimating the distinguished kindness plied, that it was voy true; and that several and regard with which the nawaub Wallajah treats English gentlemen were consequently much displeased with his highness. That one day, when my sons, and the sincere friendship which he enter tains towards me. It is evident that the nawauba his highness had assembled all the gentlemen, a pillar of the Mahomedan religion, the elect of under pretence of giving them an entertainment, the Almighty, a man of dignity and worldly exbut really for the above purpose, and had accord-perience; whatever favour and attention he may ingly suggested pacific measures, the expediency shew towards my sons, who are his guests, and of which he urged in a thousand ways, they were you, I shall assuredly consider as a kindness conso displeased that they went away without par-ferred upon myself. This circumstance has 2taking of the entertainment; nay, that to their forded me much pleasure. My hopes from Alanimosity migh be attributed the assumption of his mighty God and his divine messenger are, that the highness's country: that when the orders were re-nawaub will do whatever may tend to the sup ceived from the king of England to restore the port of the religion of Mahomed, and that be country, they framed the pretence among them-will give the necessary attention to this point. selves that his highness was too much attached to You will mention to him that he must consider my Tippoo Sultaun; and that the restitution of his sons as his own: that, in conformity to the com country would consequently be an impolitic mea-mand of God and the prophet, the improvement sure: but his ldp maintained his opinion singly, and, disregarding the animosity of all the others against his highness, delivered to him (his high ness) the country, agreeably to the directions of his majesty. The story is very long. We have only written to your majesty a very small part of it. present the commanding officer of the fort, and the other English gentlemen who are here, behave towards the nawaub Wallajah as if they were his servants. The princes staid two hours with his highness, and at the time of departure were presented by him with two khellauts of embroidery for the tenanch,two kulgus,and two surpaishes of the finest jewels. We made endless apologies, and requested that he would excuse our acceptance of them. He said, "This is a festival, and I have given to my sons and my whole family new garments. These are also my children, and I entertain for them even a greater degree of regard, and I must not neglect them; these things possess little va At of Friendship among the professors of Islamic will be beneficial to various concerns both spe ritual and temporal, and that, deeming me at tached to our common religion and to his highness's person, he will direct his attention cordingly; you will also state to the nawaub thể other points of friendship, which you have repeatedly heard from my mouth. (A true translation.) N. B. EDMONSTONE. No. 6.-Key to a Cypher found among the Record Seringapatam, and received at Calcutta on the of March 1800. Oh God, glorious and exalted! Oh prophet of God! May the blessing of the Lord be upon him Religion. Bishteh. The nabob Walajah, the frund of mankind.-Alli Rezza, the distinguished in fri ship.-The power of God, a saddle.-Hearts, A -The nabob Tippoo Sultaun, the defender or pratertor of the faith. Nothing or nonentity, M Doulah.-The victorious, a scymeter.—A state of dominion, a ring.-The faith religion, Gholaum Ali Khan.-Nawaub Laheb, the spring, a flower garden.-A letter, an interviete.—Benevolent, the hand.—A heart, a seal.-The English, newcomers. The mean or despicable, the Mahratlas.-A flower, a present. The restorer of the faith, Omdut ul Omrah. The writing of Omdut ul Omrah. (A true translation.) N. B. EDMONSTONE. No. 7. Translation of a Letter from Gholaum Alli Khan to Tippoo Sultaun. circumstances of the times, and in consequence I also have delayed to write, else I should have written to you an hundred times. Now by the receipt of your highness's letter, and the account of your highness's friendship and attachment, which I have had from the verbal communication of the high in rank, the distinguished in friendship, (key to the cypher) the trusty, I am certain that (according to the words of the prophet, the union of the Mussulmans is as that of the soul with the body) that warmth of attachment, original affection, implanted among Mussulmans, The departure of Alli Khan at this time, in confor- exists between us. My hope from Almighty God, mity to the orders of the presence, is very expedient, and my confidence in the prophet is, that accordespecially for the purpose of bringing to a favourable ing to the command of God, and of the prophet, issue the propositions of Id Cornwallis, and the well-which is well known to all Mussulmans, all the wisher of mankind, (the designation of the nabob We- faithful will exert themselves with heart and soul lajah in the cypher,) which is most ardently to be in maintaining and rendering permanent the reliwished. There are many points which cannot be gion of Mahomed upon your highness, who is one committed to paper, and can only be communi- of the heads of the faith; this is an absolute duty, cated in person; at this time the friendship and and I am confident that your highness will by all good will of both sirdars is from God, and the royal means constantly employ your time in performing auspices: The particulars of this summary, which what is obligatory on you; and I am perfectly sais an unlooked for good, will be made known tisfied that you will shew that kindness which is to your majesty by the verbal representations of becoming your exalted station, towards my two Ali Rezza, who attends the presence especially sons, your guests, and who are as your own. I for that purpose; although it is contrary to the hope that regarding me inwardly and as your rules of respect to presume to give an opinion well-wisher, and that of all Mussulmans, you upon this subject, yet I am emboldened by my will continue to rejoice me by letters; you will long attachment and my sense of the duty I owe learn my fathers sentiments from the representayour majesty; when your majesty shall have ma- tions of the high in rank, the distinguished in turely deliberated upon and fully brought home friendship. to your mind the representation of both the sircars, from a consideration of the changeableness of the times, your majesty's agreeing to this affair (upon the principle recommended in the words of Hafiz, of Shiraz; the mercy of God be upon him! With Friends, cordiality; with enemies, dissimulation) seems highly expedient and advantageous to your Majesty's interests. Dated 11th of Takree of the year Sikir 1220, from the 10th of Mahomed, (29th Nov. 1792.) (A true translation) N. B. EDMONSTONE. 9.-Translation of a Copy of a Letter from Tippoo Sultaun to Omaut ul Omrah, the Nubob of the Carnatic. No. After reiterating praises and unbounded adora(A true translation.) N, B. EDMONSTONE. tion to the Almighty, who hath adorned the multitude of the professors of Islamism with the gem No. 8.----Translation of a Copy of a Letter from of religion, and lighted the torch of friendship Tippoo Sultaun to the Nawaub Walajah. for each other in the region of the heart, and In the name of the most mercifulGod! After reite- endless thanks worthy of the last of the messenrated praises and unbounded adoration to the Al-gers of God (Mahomed) who with his prophetic mighty, who assembled the body of Mussulmans un- tongue spoke this divine saying, “That all Musder the banners of Mahomed, and lighted the torch sulmans are brothers;" and who was pleased to of mutual attachment among them, and praise to the take upon himself the task of intercession for all chosen of prophets, who promulged the saying, believers; and after intimating my desire of per"All Mussulmans are brothers," and took upon sonal communications and which, as it exceeds himself the task of intercession for all believers; the power of the pen to describe, must be left to and after intimating my desire of being personally the heart to conceive, I set forth my object: By known to your highness, and which, as it ex- the grace of God the most sincere attachment and ceeds the power of the pen to describe, must be perfect unanimity have from the beginning been left to the heart to conceive, I have the honour to established among the believers of the enlightrepresent that the receipt of your highness's kind | ened doctrine of Mahomed, but every event has letter, after so long a lapse of time-(according its proper season, and hence no opportunity has to the saying, "all things depend upon the ap- yet offered for the external demonstration of our pointed season")-rejoiced me extremely, and mutual regard. Now, however, the receipt of your highness's obliging recollection of me ex-your kind letter, replete with the friendly senticited my acknowledgments, and I return thanks ments with which our hearts are mutually imto Almighty Providence for the joyful news of pressed, has doubly added to my sincere attachthe welfare of the well-wisher of mankindment and cordial regard; when I learnt also from (meaning the Nawaub himself); my delaying to address your highness has been owing to my not having been favoured with any letters from your highness. By the grace of God! your highness is pre-eminent, characterized for all praise-worthy qualities, and acquainted with all affairs. It is probable that your highness's delay in writing to me may have been occasioned by the particular the intimation of the high in rank, the distinguished in friendship, the trusty, of your great and noble qualities, and the sincere friendship and cordiality you entertain towards me, my happiness was greater than language can adequately express; may God realize this source of happiness; that is to say, that perfect attachment and union among the followers of Islaum, which is the greatest |