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the surplus of the revenues, by the diminution of of their own dominions ;--Of the commerce in the interest; and in the year 1808-9, the sum of India, at China, and at home;-An explanation of two millions st. may be applied to the investments. the increase of the charges, and the prospect of The application of the surplus, thus increasing again obtaining a surplus revenue;-The supplyfrom year to year, will of course lessen the de- ing investments by means of loans;-The immand of India upon the home treasury, so that provement of the comp.'s affairs, under every the balance of cash cannot fail of increasing to an event, during the periods of comparison;-And immense amount.-I have stated the great diffi- finally, the plan in contemplation on the return culty to lie in the outset; my estimate is so calcu- of peace.-In retiring from my official conneclated. In the first year, no surplus revenue is tion with the affairs of India, the committee will reckoned upon; the charges to be defrayed at do me the justice to believe, that I can never be home are all on a war estab.; the whole cost of indifferent as to the success of the measures I have the investment, four millions is to be paid, and pointed out. I entertain on the subject the most another million to be applied to payment of the sangu ne expectations. Under other c.rcumstances, debts, making together 5 millions, in aid of India. I might, at the present moment, have felt deep This must be furnished in exports; by the pay-regret, in the apprehension that new systems ment of bills to be drawn from abroad; and in might have been introduced, and new theories whatever amount these, together, shall be found applied to the administration of our Indian emdeficient, bullion must be remitted. In the se- pire. I make no doubt, many things will be cond year, a surplus is expected in India of one found to require improvement and correction, and million, and the freight is taken at a peace rate, none will rejoice more sincerely than I shall in the and so continued from year to year only lessening fame and glory of those who may be the instruments the amount to be paid at home on account of of those improvements. But I am perfectly saIndia, in proportion with the increase of the sur- tisfied, no radical change in the system I have plus from the revenues, as already mentioned. pursued will be made, but on the fullest convicAmple allowance is made for the whole of the [tion of its propriety; and under that impression I home charges in all the years; and if any unex-shall continue to contemplate, with heartfelt joy, pected charge should arise, the increasing ba- every progressive improvement in our Indian Jance of cash might be so employed, in the concerns; reposing the most entire confidence in purchase of govt securies, or otherwise, as to the talents and integrity of those whom his majesty establish a fund, fully sufficient to meet any peace has appointed to succeed to me in this important contingency. The result of the data I have stated charge. And it only remains for me to apologize will appear, by a reference to the appendix, No, to the committee, for engrossing so much of its 26, 27, and 28 *. If be objected, that the time; and that the result of the examination of trade is taken on too grea scale, which, accord. the statements may, as usual, be placed on the ing to present appearances, I cannot allow to be records of parliament, to move the following the fact: still, taking it at a less amount, say only resolutions. three millions of investment, the operation would be highly favourable, though not to the extent at first stated: while the other effect would be, to render the plan more practicable, from the smaller demand on the home treasury for the prime-cost of the investments.

The Letters of Aristides on the Deposition of the Nabe5 of Arcot, the Death of the Diposed Nabob, and the late Revolution in the Carnatic:

[The Six following Letters originally appeared in the Morning Chronicle; as they are written with Ability, and throw a considerable Portion of Light on the Transactions alluded to in the preceding Papers, we have thought proper to preserve them.]

Nabob of the Carnatic.-Letter 1.-To John Wallace Esq. One of the Commissioners for the Affairs of India, &c.

Sir,-In tracing the transactions that have lately obtained in the Carnatic, by which a prince has been deposed and his dominions wrested from him; himself reduced to the situation of a sub

These propositions, it must be observed, do not arise from any new theory: they are simply upon the system I laid down in the year 1793, and are only an extension of that system. The expectations I then entertained were not wholly disappointed, and would have been most completely realized, but for the various events which have been brought to the notice of the committee. The difference between that time and the present is highly favourable to the success of the system I wish to adopt. There then existed every ap-ject, and one of his subjects raised to the dignity pearance of war with our European enemies, who held possessions in different parts of India; our most inveterate and formidable enemy, Tippoo, was still invested with considerable power:-We now reckon upon the prospect of peace, and have no immediate fear from any power in India.

The summary abstract of what I have now brought to the notice of the committee is as follows:-An examination of the accounts upon the table, both abroad and at home;-The influence and power of the comp. in the year 1784, and at the present time;-The acquisition of territory and state of alliances;-Of foreign relations; The improvement of the internal administration

* These estimates are the same as are given in Mr. Dundas's letter of the30th of June, No.1,2, & 3.

of a sovereign, it will not be a matter of surprise that I should address myself immediately to you. The spirited manner in which you advocated these transactions before the late house of commons, and the glowing enthusiasm with which you there pronounced an eloge upon the noble lords at the heads of our affairs in India, give you a fair claim to my first regards. Allow me, however, to observe that, although your conduct on the occasion should be demonstrative of your zeal, and evince the warmth of your attachments, I doubt whether it will do much credit to your judgment, or permit even your partial friends to assist you at a future period, when the important question shall be fully discussed. I am free to confess that assertions are sometimes advanced, and professions made in parliament with as little consideration, and possibly with as little sincerity, as those that

flow from the lips of certain candidates when ad- Jupon himself, attempted the means of justifying dressing the multitude from the hustings at a ge- his character, from a conviction of the rectitude neral clection, and notwithstanding men cannot by which his highness's actions had ever been rebe excused in either case, yet there is assuredly agulated, the cold commissaries of govt, of whom vast difference between the one and the other. I shall have abundant occasion to speak at a proWhen a member of parlament rises in his place per season, would not suffer him to proceed, and to speak upon a momentous subject with which his benevolent purposes were in consequence dethe rights of humanity and the principles of justicefeated. In vain did this venerable nobleman, reare blended, and the honour and good faith of the spectable for his great age, but more respectable nation are inseparably interwoven, he ought to for his numerous virtues, 66 repeat the reasonablereflect that he is standing before the great assem- ness of entering into the defence of his sovebly of the people, bound by no common ties to reign," at a melancholy moment when he could exert himself to the utmost of his power to their not defend himself. He was answered by those benefit and advantage, unawed by tear, unbiassed commissioners, that "the Brit. govt had numerous by affection. You are yet a young man, and may proofs that Omdut ul Omerah had violated his alplead the ardor of youth in extenuation of your liances, and being satisfied with their sufficiency, precipitancy. Age will incline you to be less had no intention of constituting itself a judge of violent, and experience teach you to be more the conduct of its ally;" and then, with a frozen · scrupulous when the measures of public men are indifference that checks even in reflection, asked impeached, and public investigation becomes whether, " on the part of Ally Hussan," for so the inevitable consequence. These observations, they affected to call Tage ul Omerah, "he was springing from sincere regard, are offered to your disposed to an adjustment of the claims of the serious thoughts; for, believe me, there are few Brit. govt through the channel of an amicable newho wish you better than I do, and if early ac- gociation;" in other words, to give up the whole of quaintance can give a right to advise, I certainly his dominions, and leave him dependant upon the am no trespasser upon your attention.-I think liberality of the E. I. comp. You know such to you said in the house, that the transactions to be the case, and it is therefore unnecessary for me which I have reference "were agreeable to the to dwell upon it. This brings me to a second feamost approved principles of the law of nations, and ture of the transactions. When the comp. had dethat the manner in which they had been con- termined on obtaining possession of the Carnatic, ducted was consistent with the humanity and gene- policy dictated that apparently amicable methods rosity of the Brit. character;" and I am satisfied should be adopted in order to throw a veil over that you spoke as you believed, but I am equally the iniquity of their measures, and give security satisfied that your review of facts has been too to their objects when theyould have been acrapid for the information of your judgment; and complished; and therefor immediately upon the hence it is I am to presume that your premises demise of his highness Omdut ul Omerah, they have been mistaken, and your deductions erro- acknowledged his son, Tage ul Omerah, as his neous. Without all the aids that you posses, yet heir and successor, opened a negociation with with many others to which you have not had ac- him as such, and treated with him as such for sevecess, I have given more time to the examination ral days, in the view to "an adjustment of the of those transactions than probably you were able to claims of the Brit. govt," and upon a promise detach for the purpose from your more pressing avo. of making him the nabob; but after they had thus cations, and the result has led to sentiments the very committed themselves, and after they had been reverse of those that you seem to entertain. Having fully apprized that he had ascended the throne of thus premised, I hasten to give a rapid sketch of his ancestors in hereditary right as the heir of his the subject as it appears to my mind, divested of father, and as his successor appointed by his will, prejudice, and unshackled by partialities. "In they suddenly broke off all conference and comall cases of disputed points between independent munication with him, declared him an enemy alpowers," I quote from the highest authority, though he had never committed either hostility or neither party can erect itself into a judge of crime, imprisoned him and his family, and prothe conduct of the other party." Now I take it claimed Azim ul Dowlah, who had no pretenfor granted that Arcot was an independent power; | sion to the situation of nabob of the Carnatic. but if the fact should be disputed, I will support The motive that influenced the latter proceedings it by recorded proofs of ancient and recent date, have in attempt been variously accounted for; its and the whole administration of India must sub- abstract meaning is easily explained. Tage ul scribe to their authenticity. Yet the E. I. comp. Omerah knew his own rights, and, contrary to who, I aver, recognised both the maxim and the the expectation of the govt of Madras, and notproposition, as founded in certainty and in truth, withstanding the threats and menaces used to intidid erect themselves into judges of the conduct of midate him, shewed a disposition to preserve the late sovereign of Arcot, and in the exercise of them.-Azim ul Dowlah had no rights, and there. their judicial functions did, as far as lay in their fore readily acted as the govt dictated-he had nopower, consign his memory to infamy, and ad- thing to lose and every thing to gain; he therefore judge that his country should become their own ceded the Carnatic to the comp. that did not beproperty. Here I pause, undecided whether I long to him, and gained a throne that belonged to ought in prudence to give the circumstances con- his sovereign.-Had Tage ul Omerah yielded to accted with this extraordinary tribunal, lest their the peremptory demand of the govt of Madras novelty, and their rigour should operate to render and relinquished his rights, I speak advisedly, he them incredible. His highness was not accused would this day have been as much as Azím ul during his life time, nor did his trial commence Dowlah now is, the reigning nabob, and the until he had ceased to exist! and afterwards, name of Azim ul Dowlah, who is emphatically when one of the lords of his court, whose fidelity designated by the govt of Madras "the favourite to his departed master reflects the greatest honour of fortune," would never have been noticed nor

even heard of. In the occurrence of events his
situation is not much advanced by his elevation-
a prince without a people, and a sovereign with-
out a territory, the puppet of the comp. and the
ridicule of mankind. On this brief statement the
public will decide whether such transactions bear
the legitimate relationship that you have ascribed
to them, or whether they are not the offspring of
tyranny and oppression, nurtured upon the spoils
abiained by fraud and injustice, and in open hos-
tility with EVERY principle of the law of nations.
-In my next letter I shall go more into detail,
and however painful the task may be to my own
feelings, I pledge myself to the public to deve-
lope a scene of enormit.es long continued to be
exhibited in Brit. India that will call forth their
sympathy and commisseration, and excite their
herror and indignation. I am no party man, nor
am I propelled in my course by that impetus
which owes its origin to a golden sourse. 1 es-
pouse the cause of an injured prince and an il-
lustrious family, plunged into indescribable mise- |
ries, and subjected to insults amidst their variegated
distresses, as a public question of unequalled
magnitude.
ARISTIDES.

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cold in their nature, unfeeling in their operation, and unjust in their objects; measures that outraged decorum, and added insult of grief. The prince was, at the time of their arrival, performing the last melancholy offices of filial piety near the tallowed repository that contained the remains of his beloved parent; regardless of those offices which bespoke indulgence and ought to commanded respest, they required his immediate attention, and expected an implicit obed excc. Najeb Khan, shocked at a requisition which purposed the violation of obsequies due to the departed, pleaded the recent death * of his master and friend, and the necessity of a sufficient interval for the observance of those rites that were called for by the mournful cause of them. The commissaries replied, that "the Brit, govt were aware of the usage of Mahomedans in all cases of such nature, but that the affairs of a great govt. could not give way to the ordinary practices of individual families;" and the prince was necessitated to appear in their presence, to hear from them the foulest imputations they could possibly urge against the memories of h father and grandfather; and after having thus wounded his feelings they proceeded unmoved by any consideration for his tender years and deplorable situation, and unaffected by the surrounding scene of misery and distress, to demand of him the instant and unconditional surrender of his dominions, remarking that the E. I. comp. would consider of an estab. for his family and a suitable provision for the support of his own dignity. It is not for me to speak of the contending passions that agitated the bosom of his highness, thus inhumanly tortured, thus cruelly assailed; I leave them to the kindred sensibilities of a generous public. During this extraordinary conference, which professes to be the basis of an "amicable negociation," his highness summoned all the fortitude he possessed and so much required, and entering fully into the importance of the eventful crisis, debated in his own mind upon the dreadful consequences it con nected, and, with a firmness that would have Lo

missaries in a manner so mild and yet so dignified, as to extort even from them a tribute of momentary admiration, notwithstanding it baffled ther expectations.

Letter II.—To John Wallace, Esq. one of the Commissioners for the Affairs of India, St. Sir,-In my last letter I spoke of the nabob of Arcot as an independent sovereign; that fact is now established, and therefore to adduce any further proof in support of it would be superfluous. If it were otherwise situated, an act that I am about to treat of wou alone be demonstrative of independent sovereign I mean the treaty of 1792 made by the E. I. comp. with the nabob Waliagaw, an act by which the line of succession was guaranteed to his highness Umdut ul Omerah and his heirs and successors. In consequence of that guarantee Umdut ul Omerah, upon the demise of his father, Wallagaw, an event that took place in 1795, ascended the musnud, and dying himself in 1801, it became the right of his son, Tage ul Omerah, whose titles were fortified by the testamentary disposition of his father, whonoured riper years, gave his answer to those comthereby declared him to be his successor and heir to all his property and possessions, both private and regal, but being then a minor, the provident author of his being, in anxious solicitude for his future welfare, appointed Nageb Khan and Tuke Ally Khan, men of high rank and universal acknowledged integrity, to be regents until he should become of age and capable of taking into his own hands the reigns of govt. In this situa-only essential mark of sovereignty," they were retion of affairs, if the govr and council of Fort St. George were not to be prevailed upon by the common feelings of humanity to use the ample means within their power towards alleviating the sufferings of an afflicted family, they were, as the representatives of the E. I. comp, bound by the strongest ties to protect the young prince in the possession and enjoyment of the rights that had thus descended to him. But how adverse were their proceedings to the dictates of their duty! In the language of his highness, decent attentions had scarcely been paid to the inanimate form of his father to prepare it for its shroud, when commissaries, armed with the authority of that govt, entered the palace, not with a view to the discharge of those duties which the E. I. comp. had pledged themselves in the most solemn manner to perforin, but in the contemplation of measures

Although disappointed, the commissaries were not defeated; they had taken their measures upon the strong ground of arbitrary power, and holding in their hand "the sword, the most prominent and

solved on carrying them into execution, and this singular species of "amicable negociation,” which on their part breathed nothing but enmity, spurn ing at every friendly proposition, continued for six or seven successive days. In the course of

*His highness's remains were then scarcely cold, he had ceased to breath only two or three hours.

+ A sentiment that however incompatible with the feelings of Englishmen, and inconsistent with the principles of the Brit. constitution, was avowed by the court of Directors, and acted upon by their servants in India upon a former occasion, when they resolved to arrest from his highness the nabob of the Carnatic, that sovereignty which they had recently guaranteed to him by a treaty.

nihilated." The commissaries expressed themselves to be fixed in their determinations, and shortly after proceeded to pronounce his highness's sentence, in nearly the same terms that in a court of justice are adopted towards a convicted yourself in which you seek hereafter to be placed; that you will in future be a private person, HOSTILE to the Brit. interests, and dependant upon the bounty of the comp." A negociation now commenced with Azim ul Dowlah that terminated in a treaty, by which he surrendered the whole of the Carnatic and all its sovereign rights to the comp. for ever, they on their part agreeing to make him nabob, and take him under their protection. The preamble to the treaty is perfectly unique in the science of diplomatics, and will in all probability remain so. Independent of various inconsistencies it carries upon the face of it a contradiction in terms.

Previous to the execution of the treaty, the govt of fort St. George had affixed their seals upon every article contained in the public offices of the durbar, in which the records of the empire, and documents of every description were deposited, and upon the treasury, in which was only a small sum of money intended for the expences of the household. This done, an order was sent by a trooper to the prince, directing him to deliver the

that period the prince had offered to surrender the | the station of nabob of the Carnatic would be anbetter half of his possessions, both as to extent and revenue, persuading himself that such an instance of his friendship towards the E. I. comp. would conciliate their good opinion, and ensure to the early commencement of his reign all the succour it might stand in need of; but, to his high-criminal: "You have determined the situation ness's astonishment and mortification, the offer was refused with indignant contempt, accompanied with an assurance, that unless he gave up the whole, he must not cherish the hope of the comp.'s_friendship and protection, and this assurance was conveyed in language so imperious and peremptory, and in a tone so decided and austere, as to convince his highness that any attempted modification, however favourable, would serve only to add to his disgrace, and swell the number of his insults. With no other prospect then than splendid degradation or virtuous poverty, he had no alternative, and in adopting the line of conduct that he was to pursue, no hesitation. He had been taught from his infancy to revere and love the Brit. nation, and he determined to throw himself upon the Brit. justice, in fresh confidence of the utmost redress and every necessary support. An event, however, occurred that arrested his intentions: the ladies of the family who had never heard the voice of strangers, unless it were in com. pliment or kindness, and had ever been treated with refined delicacy, and all the tenderness of regard and affection, perceived themselves en-key of the fatte choukey, built by his father, and vironed by European soldiery, whose unintelligi- the place of his own residence, to the servants ble language produced the most alarming sensa- of Azim ul Dowlah; and another trooper arrived tions; learning also that the government of fort with an order for the keys of the apartments, inSt. George were hostilely disposed towards the habited by the principal ladiof the family. The prince, to whom they had offered every indignity, khans reasoned with a geman holding high and were at the moment actually meditating the military rank, and in the command of the troops dissolution of his empire; and concluding that, if at the palace, upon the indelicacy and indignity their sovereign could be degraded and dethroned, offered by such a measure, and that the family it was not for them to expect milder notice, their would be disgraced and dishonoured by it-but apprehensions caught the alarm, their fears be- obedience was insisted upon, and it was in vain came their guides, and they shuddered at the idea to attempt any resistance. The prince, terrified of polluted honour, which their overpowered at these proceedings, fled for security to the habiminds imagined would be the certain consequence tation of his mother, and thence sent two papers of the anarchy and confusion that prevailed. Un- to the govt of fort St. George, the one of them der such impressions they communicated to the offering certain stipulations, the other a carte prince the horrors by which they were surrounded, blanche. Of these papers one was returned, and and implored of him to relax in his purposes, and the other detained, but detained only until the yield to the pressure of ruling circumstances. next day, when it was also returned without a comTouched by their sufferings, the prince acceded ment, and was followed by the commissaries of to their wishes, but the offer of further sacrifices govt, who entered the palace without ceremony, was rejected with as little urbanity as had attended and after having examined the hall of audience and similar instances. "The requisition we make," other places, proceeded to the upper rooms, the said the commissaries, addressing themselves to doors of which led directly to those belonging to the the regents, must positively be complied with; apartments of the ladies, who were thrown into the upon that depends his fate, either as the acknow-greatest consternation by the approximation of such ledged nabob of the Carnatic, or a mere depen- obtrusive visitors. At the instalinent of Azeem ul dent of the comp." Najeeb Khan, whose affec- Dowlah, threats and promises were alternately tion for his prince, and whose esteem for the employed with the public servants of his late subjects of these realms have always been con-highness to procure their attendance; and the spicuous in every action of this life, earnestly endeavoured to effect a just and friendly understanding between the parties, and declared that the prince, the family, and the regents themselves would do any thing within their power that reason could demand and honour sanction: that they all looked up to the British govt for protection, and that it was their interest and their duty to obtain the favour of the Brit. nation, but to give up the integrity of the Carnatic was a proposition "calculated to frustrate the professed object of the arrangement, because, by such a procedure,

VOL. IL

sonears, merchants, and others of Madras, the subjects of the E. I. comp. were solicited to be present. On that occasion the regents were doomed to undergo sufferings far more painful and distressing than any they had yet experienced. In violation of their well-known principles and sentiments, and in breach of the trust reposed in them, they were compelled to appear and do homage to a man whom they detested, as the usurper of the rights of a sovereign whom they loved, and whom they had only a few days before seen upon the throne of his ancestors, and in the pride of

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loyalty gladly hailed and acknowledged as their prominent feature of our govt in India; where liege lord. Flushed with power, and profiting by the grand object has lately been, and continues example, Azim ul Dowlai, soon after his cleva- to be, the acquisition of territory, an object to tion, sent a guard of Seapoys to Tage ul Deen Khan, which the rights of sovereigns and subjects have a youth who had married the daughter of his late been devoted, and the justice and good faith of highness, with orders to bring him into his pre- the nation sacrificed. The E. I. comp. have by sence. The guard found him at the door of his their late conquests, and by other means, become house, and there seizing him dragged him before possessed of an empire that extends from the the despot, where he was obliged to make his of- gulph of Cambray, on the Malabar coast, to the ferings of submission. I shall conclude this enu- mouth of the Ganges in the bay of Bengal, whence meration of unparalleled outrages with stating, that it stretches westerly until it approaches the provery soon after the transaction last mentioned, vinces of Tibet, Lahore, and Moultan; then the regents and other khans, and the approved returning in an opposite direction, it passes through servants of the prince, and who had been placed Hindostan, and continues its course until it reaches in attendance upon his person by his deceased pa- the shores that are bounded by the Arabian sea, rent, were commanded to retire to their own having on its southern confines, the numerous houses, and no more to come within the precincts principalities that confine the Maratta states. When of the palace, so that his highness was left a pri- the account of those conquests and their connec soner, without a person to perform even his me- tions were first contemplated, the ideas became mal offices, and his whole family were, at the confused by the various objects they presented, same time, in like manner deprived of their li- and the mind, dazzled by the brilliancy thrown berty. I have been thus prolix in narrating this round them by official narrative, was incapable disgusting detail, in order that the observations I of that discrimination which leads to accurate conshall make upon the general conduct of the E. I. clusions. Wonder and astonishment superseded comp. towards their highnesses the nabobs Wal-investigation, and we were taught to admire that lagaw and Omdut ul Omerah and their illustrious which we did not understand, Thus predisposed and unoffending family; and particularly as it to credulity, it is not surprising that every credit relates to the deposition of his highness Tage ul was given to subsequent statements by the India Omerah, may be the more easily comprehended govt, of the benefits that were to result from and correctly understood. Upon the very few achievements of such magnitude, and so much points already embraced, I might with safety, as grandeur; amongst these were enumerated the I certainly should with confidence, appeal to your prodigious encrease of revenue, and the addition own honourable feelings, how far the acts of govt of power, which from the extirpation of the sulin India, in the unhappy occurrences that every tan of Mysore, was declared to tower so high, day become more inresting, and more the sub- that there was not left a force bold enough to project of public discus can be reconciled with voke it, nor sufficient to disturb its progress. the well-known humanity and generosity of the The fervor of the moment has at length subBrit. character. In matters of such high national sided, and reason once more resumes her seat. importance it is due to the Brit: character, which Let us then examine dispassionately the propos surrounding nations have been accustomed to con- tions that these extraordinary occurrences have template with wonder and admiration, to bring offered to our consideration; the importance they forward every information with which they are have raised, and the various rights they involve, materially connected, to the end that the fact press them forward to particular notice. To this may be ascertained, and justice enabled to proceed end it will be requisite to take a cursory view of in her due course. Such is my motive and such the native governments, by which our own are my object, and I trust that it will be in my power surrounded-their frontiers I have already delito manifest, not by indefinite assertion, but irre-seated. Respecting those to the northward and fragable proofs, that their highnesses the nabobs Wallagaw and Omdut ul Omerah died, as they had lived, our sincere friends and faithful allies, that their adherence to the good faith of treaties was exemplary, that their attachments to the Brit. nation were so powerfully cemented, that even the oppression and injustice of the E. I. comp. could not shake, or in the least diminish them; and that the correspondence, which in impotent attempts has been adduced as evidence of secret design to promote treacherous views, was selected by those who conducted the affairs of the comp. in this country and in India. ARISTIDES. Letter III.-John Roberts, Esq. Chairman of the Court of Directors.

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westward, I shall say very little; our knowledge of them is extremely circumscribed, and I devoutly wish it may remain so. How far the system of measures pursued in the soubah of Oude may operate to defeat that wish, is a point that is of itself so demonstrative, as to remove the necessity of an opinion. Our ally there, a Mahomedan prince, has been divested of his possessions, that were his own of indefeasible right, and secured to him by the fences of an existing treaty; and he feels of course, as a sovereign ought to feel upon an event that has virtually driven him from his throne, and reduced him to a situation, little better than that of a subject, in his own dominions. In this revolution of things, many of the nobility of his highness's court and others, Sir, Considering you, as I really do, an ho- men of illustrious family, have lost the employ. nest man, firmly attached to the principles of our ments they held, and the consequence in which happy constitution, and cherishing that loyalty they had been accustomed to move; circum. which is due to the best of sovereigns; entertaining stances that must at least excite personal animoan anxious concern for the prosperity of your sities, if they should not rouse them to open recountry, and tenacious of its honour: alive to venge, and if there be loyalty in the heart of an the charms of humanity, and eagerly desirous to Asiatic, which cannot be denied, or even dis aid the cause of justice, I shall entreat your at-puted, they will naturally sympathize in the suftention to transactions that, in my mind, form a ferings of their prince, in whose misfortunes their

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