1 VOL. 2. No. 12. ] London, Saturday, 25th September, 1802. [ Price 10D CONTENTS.-Report on the Tr. bet. Fr. & Turk. 353. Turkish Grant, 354. Let. from Stock. 355. Let. to Ld. PUBLIC PAPERS. Report made to the First Consul of France (in Senate), Sept. 7, 1802, relative to the Treaty with Turkey, (See the Treaty, p. 289.) The distinguishing characteristic of that period in the policy of nations which has ended in the general peace, was a striking opposition of their sentiments and conduct to their true interests: States and kingdoms were betrayed into wars and alliances by a sort of blind fatality. Some made common cause with one another without suppressing their mutual batred; others, amid mutual hostili ties, still continued to wish one another well. In that dissolution of the mutual relations of the states and kingdoms of Europe, which had been long approaching, the accustomed diplomatic law lost all force and truth. Its traditions, its maxims, its local regulations, became vain; and, amidst the confusion of the change, more than one government quite lost sight of the dearest interests, sad are themselves menaced with danger, from those habits of policy which they had been accustomed to think the safest, and abandoned itself in this distitution of just counsels, to the Vine terrors, and the most imprudent projects. Sach, in particular, were the condition and conduct of the Sublime Porte, at that period of the when Europe, with astonishment, saw this government take part with the enemies of France. The Sublime Porte soon saw its error; indeed, hath at home and abroad, it could discern nothing but what was adapted to make it regret the part it had taken. It saw the conqueror, faithful to his dedarations, when he occupied a province of the Ottana Empire, rule over it with wisdom, make provision for its future prosperity, and even when, by unprovoked declaration of war, it became lawful conquest, still to evince by his respect be the manners and the religion of the vanquished, that his primary intentions were unchanged. France, instead of desiring to hurt the prosperity er diminish the strength of Turkey, had, at that tre, ew but to render it happier and more power. ful, by introducing into it new elements of civilisation, and by opening through its provinces and channel for the commerce of the world. But at Ottoman government had entered into engagement of which it could not clearly foresee the carts: it was the last to enter into a war by wch it had nothing to gain; and was, of course, the last to renounce hostilities. It was till after prace had been concluded among the powers of Europe, that the Ottoman government found itself perfectly free to negotiate. But from the first Foment of its being at liberty to treat with Fance, the two Empires have been mutually at pice By the treaty of the 25th of June, that place is complete. That treaty entirely restores the relations which formerly subsists between the two powers. It makes full provision for the in [354 Great er terests and wants of the Ottoman Empire, for the been restored. (Signed) C. M. Talkyrand. 2 The following is a Copy of the Original Grant "The friendship and good intelligence which in the Black Sea, for the merchant vessels of his Porte, our very esteemed friend Spencer Smith, they would clear his eyes and make him see has made relative to the privilege of navigation further beyond the end of his nose than he nation; representations that he has reiterated, appears to do. These said charts, if you, both in writing and verbally, in conformity to his Sir, lay along side of them a fair draught instructions, and with a just confidence in the of your treaty of Amiens with Lord Cornlively attachment of the Porte towards his court. wallis and Mr. Merry's remarks, and a Therefore, to give a new proof of these sentiments, sketch of the Prime Consul's diplomacy as well as of the hopes entertained by the Sublime Porte, of seeing henceforward a multiplicity of since that treaty was ratified,* will, we new fruits spring from the connexion that has presume, make all the extravagance of our been renewed between the two courts, the assent before-mentioned letter disappear; and will granted to the before-named Minister's solicita- shew you to woeful demonstration the easy tions, is hereby sanctioned as a sovereign concession and gratuitous act on the part of his Im- possibility of carrying the sublime plan of perial Majesty, and to take full and entire effect the august Buonaparté into execution. You as soon as farther amicable conferences shall have will see, Sir, what never ought to have taken place, with the minister our friend, for the been seen you will see Russia and France purpose of determining the burthen of the En-hand-in-hand, with-not a paper map (that's glish vessels, the mode of transmit by the Canal of Constantinople, and such other regulations and conventions as appertain to the object, and which shall be as exactly maintained and observed with regard to the English navigation, as towards any other the most favoured nation. And in order that the minister, our friend, do inform his court of this valuable grant, the present rescript has been drawn up and delivered to him.-Constantinople, 1. Femazi-ul-Evvell, A. H. 1214, 30th October, A. D. 1799. TO THE EDITOR.* your share) but with the real material globe under their joint command, and at their immediate disposal. Out of the junction of France and Russia you will see come forth a Consulta, containing: 1st. A chart, whereon is marked and definitively settled the frontiers of the several arrondisments into which Europe is to be divided: the ranks and titles of the respective prefects, princes, electors, kings and consuls, are marked on the margin with a lead pencil †. 2d. A charter, whereir the liberty of the sea, an universal reciprocit in trade and intercourse, and free ships, free goods, are allowed to the contracting parties at least, for a time, or until the British trident shall lose its teeth. This charter shall be signed and sworn to by the severa prefects, princes, electors, kings, and consuls as they enter into office; and Mr. President Jefferson shall be invited to be a principal party. In case some British am Stockholm, Augt. 20, 1802. Sir,-We observe that it is your opinion (see Register, p. 152), that the remarks contained in our Letter of the 5th of July, (see Register, p. 129) will be considered by the leading politicians of your country as ridiculous projects. Pray, ir, as a wellwisher of your native land, will you be pleased to inform its rulers, that at this time there are to be procured charts, with descriptions of four very remarkable modern military expeditions, to wit,-One conduct-bassador, more adroit than ordinary, should ed by a Nadir-Chab from Ispahan to Deli and back by the Caspian Sea-One by a General Saworow from the Nieper in Russia to the Var on the Italian frontiers of France -One by Buonaparte from Toulon to Cairo and St. Jean d'Acre-And one by General Leclere from Brest to St. Domingo.-Were these charts and descriptions put into English, and properly explained by a person of talents and prophetic sagacity, such a person per example, as he who translated, and wrote the notes on, Buonaparte's intercepted letters, we are persuaded they would be to John Bull as good as a pinch of Scots snuff, Note of the Editor.-This letter comes from the same gentleman, who favoured us with the letter, from the same place, dated 5th July, which will be found in page 129 of this volume. That letter conveyed to the British public, and even to the Birth Ministry, the first intimation that either of them received of the new division of Germany. find out, in a foreign newspaper, by his hair-dresser, or through a chère amie, tha the other articles in this Consulta are not exactly correspondent with the repeated declarations of your peace-makers, to justify *The Consul's negotiations cannot be unknown Merry at Paris. Pray, Mr. Editor, did that mi to Lord Hawkesbury, who has the admired Mr nister say, in his dispatch, what the Consul ad mired him and his countrymen for-whether for the loyal phrase of the patriotic colonel, or fo the brilliant wit and dignity of the ambassador o that occasion. Notes of the Editor.-When our corresponden wrote his letter, he did not know that the hones Talleyrand would so soon oblige us with this chart which has lately been presented to the Dict o Ratisbon. This alludes to a second convention, not ye published, between France and Russia, and o which some intimation has leaked out, in severa parts of the Continent. It was mentioned in th Hamburgh papers three weeks ago. the penetration of Lord Hawkesbury, and not to set the meek Addington in a rage before the time, the publication of several points, such as those respecting the organization of Persia and Turkey, the emancipation of Hindostan, and the appropriation of Brasil, with other matters, will be postponed until the contracting parties have so disposed their respective forces as to insure the complete realization of their plan: for example-until the French have in America and the West-Indies a force sufficient to secure Brazil (your islands will fall of themselves); until her depôts at the Cape and the Isle de France be properly seconded with a naval depôt and station at the Comoro Islands. These matters will now soon be accomplished; and in the mean time the Russian army will have procured (sneer who pleases) a free passage through the tracks explored by Tahmas-Kouly-Khan. of Madame Buonaparté, have -Now, Sir, 60,000 French European troops hitherto prevented these respective courts in the West-Indies and America, a Russian from answering the repeated memorials of General Maskofskai Goubernater in Persia, H. B. M. on the subject of indemnification; with a proper suit, and every port between but they will be taken into consideration, Archangel and Bombay in a state to bar as soon as the other parties are in settled oat the British flag, will Buonaparte's pro- possession of their several allotments. The ject of confining the British empire to its dictatorial ministers say, this mode of proEuropean islands appear still extravagant ceeding is perfectly agreeable to Mr. Adand ridiculous? Or is it the attempt to send dington and Co.-Christian children, after such armies to Persia and America that ap-giving away John's cloak, are resigned to pears extravagant to your modest men? In give the coat and breeches also! that case pray be so good as to inform them that the difficulties are already, or by the time you will receive this, surmounted. And as to the extravagance of shutting the ports of Europe and Africa against John Ball's horns, a glimpse of the treaty whereon his lordship signed away Malta and the Cape, will perfectly satisfy those who have ordinary eyes.-We foreigners are forced to lock upon John Bull as being a quiet kind of a man! We recollect his ministers asserted lately, and it went down like laudadum, "that although the peace of Amiens *should not be of long duration, yet it was" " a good one, as it gave government time "to recruit its resources by a saving economy!" Should John attempt another war, pray, Sir, will these promised savings reinstate him in the possessions he held at the peace? No: nor will they, with the whole property he has remaining, enable him to preserve the possessions he yet rePray, Sir, which are most culpable in the eyes of the rational part of mankind, those persons who upset the throne of the Bourbons, and extended the dominion of France over half the world, or those, who, whether from ignorance or pusillanimity, or whatever other quality or motive, have surrendered not only the out-works, but also the bulwarks of their country, into the hands of its most powerful and implacable enemy? * Sir, if John Bull would like to read the preface of Buonaparte's Consulta with Russia and Prussia, we think the Regency of Hanover would procure you a copy from Ratisbon: it is not ill worth reading to those who understand what they read. Some family affairs, such as the birth-day of the Empress Dowager of Russia, a dejeuné given at Charlottenburg to Ambassador Alopeus by the Queen of Prussia, and the tains. Terms, which, in consideration of the delicate eats (we are not afraid of the eyes) of Mr. Addington, we have substituted for the unmannerly phrases, conquer and partition, You would have nothing in the Mediterranean; well, Buonaparte and his ally Alexander are not so scrupulous; nor are theyso ungrateful to their friends as you are: they have got Candia, Cyprus, the Gre cian Islands in the Archipelago, Negrepont, the Moréa, &c. disposed of-but you will * Madam Buonaparté says, that the French have long been deceived with respect to the national character of the English. "Meanly run ning after the meanest of things; sheepish and "cringing to the bold and powerful, bold and in"solent to the timid and the weak; cowards in "the field, brutes at the table, and men only amongst horses and w " Note of the Editor.-It must be confessed, that the peace of Amiens, so mean, so dishonourable, fees of this country can say, or conceive, of its so base an act, justifies almost any thing that the inhabitants; but, though we may yield to Madam Buonaparte's superior judgment on some of the qualities she attributes to our countrymen, we cannot do the same as to the others; and, we are persuaded, that her husband, unless he has forgotten the deeds of Sir Sidney Smith as completely as the British government seems to have done, will acknowledge, that there is one Englishman, at least, who is not a coward in the field. Note of the Editor.-The writer here alludes to Russia, which was not published on the 20th of the convention and declaration of France and August, the date of his letter. have the particulars ere this time from Lord Elgin, a most active, and penetrating minister, whose mission has been useful to himself, and, no doubt, to his country also. Mr. Editor, as it is a well known fact that, by the bulls and bores of John's cabinet, he lost America, and has added that now formidable power to his other enemies; and as it is equally well known that John's present bulls have no horns, (we mean, political, not domestic horns) we would have you request of him to send out the experienced negotiators of Amiens to wind up his affairs with the native sovereigns of India: for you may assure him, upon the authority of the combined world with Buonaparté and Alexander at its head, that that oriental star will as certainly be plucked out of his cap, as it is certain that a Mr. Addington and a Lord Hawkesbury are his conductors or states pilot; should they themselves weather the storm, then pray to the clement Consul to have mercy upon the crew! if your peace-makers have prepared for themselves a reward in the kingdom of heaven, and are not disposed soon to take possession, you should beseech them to provide a birth there for their countrymen also; for a year or two more in peace will bring your earthly kingdom nearly to a close. August 24. A few days ago we inclosed a few remarks upon the political occurrences of the day-if you will give any part or paragraph of them a place in your interesting Register you will oblige one of its readers. Perhaps, Sir, you may think us Swedes and Danes inimical to the British government-believe us, we are not. We are, and have dire cause to be, angry with those men who have driven us under the iron knudt of a sovereign foe; and who have brought their own country to the brink of, shall we say, inevitable ruin. The political influence of Great-Britain annihilated, our bondage is consolidated. Sir, with the independent friendship of Sweden and Denmark, little as you think of us, you had the Baltic open to your trade, and your navy with ours could have regulated the affairs of Germany, Turkey, Persia, &c. at the gates of Petersburgh. With Malta or other invulnerable ports in that quarter, you prevented the junction of France and Russia at Constantinople or in the Black Sea; and you controled their operations. We repeatedly offered your ministers not only our friendship but our co-operation, without subsidy or other consideration, our own independency was mo tive enough to us; but they spurned at our advances, and treated our sovereigns with contempt; and although the power of Austria be broken down and set out of the question, you have given up the Mediterranean and its coasts on both sides, to be possessed and appropriated by the Consul and his friends! If you think we cannot shut the Baltic, you will be undeceived when too late: then says John Bull, "the fools lose more than we do!!"-Sir, we lesser powers will lose, we know, and therefore we courted your friendship; but that you will interrupt the operations of our mistress Russia by blocking in her maritime trade-you may as well pretend to arrest the currents in the pacific ocean: and whatever she undertakes we must second. When Buonaparté is ready, or before he provokes a quarrel with men like yours, the British fleet nor a British ship will have neither port nor point where to fill a cask of fresh water between the Lands-end to Botany Bay. Let your ministers laugh if they please: of those who laugh at every thing, and blush at nothing, little can be expected. But, Mr. Editor, let us not give up all hope-it is yet possible, perhaps, to save something. Request of John Bull, Sir, to employ a calculator or two, who know the criterion whereby to measure the powers and stability of a state, whose sources and vital springs are detached from one another and lie at certain distances, and who can compare the result with the powers of a state whose force issues from its centre; let him then personally review his troops, and compose his etat-major of such officers and men as have seen service, and as hold a certain rank personally as well as in the opinion of the public. The throne is an old chair, if you will keep it on its legs you must not make it a play thing for boys. A French scribbler reproached Frederick II. once, that, his Majesty preferred birth to talents-the king said, "flowering shrubs are pretty enough, and may have their use in the window seats of my cabinet; "but old oaks shade my dwelling." Should you find John disposed to take any notice of these hints, then, Sir, beg of him to look at, and speak with, his diplomatic agents, before he sends them abroad. We are sure he had no acquaintance of those lately kept amongst us, or he would not have so fai compromised his own reputation as to suffer his representatives to dispense with all the characterestics of gentlemen, to brave the rules of public morality, and to set commor {་ decency at defiance. The Jacobin agents | ments of their readers, and it is by no means of France have now changed their grossièreté uninteresting to observe how completely into an appearance of decorum-do advise those sentiments have, on this topic, been yours to do so likewise. When foreigners hanged by the publication of the convention see, at the helm of the British empire, Bri- between Russia and France.-"The present tons in whom Britons can confide, and find, "ministers may affect to depreciate the imin the representatives of the most revered "portance of all continental connexions. "Between the use and the abuse there is monarch upon earth, men of knowledge and of talents; then all the legitimate sqve"infinite difference. We ought neither to be "the slaves of the continental powers, nor reigns in Europe will again rally round "altogether-indifferent to their concerns. your ancient oak, and usurpation and blas"We have an interest wherever it is practicable phemy will hide their polluted heads in the rubbish from whence they crawled forth. "to oppose the extension and aggrandisement of But that the men, who have thrown down "France. This can only be done by a judi"cious alliance with those continental powers that bulwark which streams of blood and "which have the same interest to pursue. heaps of treasure had raised around the British empire, should ever again acquire "For England to withdraw wholly from the the confidence of Europe, or be able to per"Continent, or feebly to exert her influsuade your countrymen to open their purse or their veins to fight for enemies is impossible. O ye shades of British heroes how your valour is rewarded! Swenska. TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD HAWKESBURY, His Majesty's Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs. My Lord,-Having, in my last letter to your lordship (page 271), endeavoured to direct your attention to those points, respecting the dictatorial convention of France and Russia, which appeared to me most likely to engage the mind of an Englishman of honest intentions, but of little experience and of circumscribed views; having pointed out, the contempt shewn towards this country, the insults heaped on our sovereign and his government, the injuries which Hanover is to sustain for the sake of GreatBritain, and which the electorate is to be made the instrument of inflicting on the crown of this kingdom, I now propose to take up the general question of policy, aris ing out of this new partition of Germany. But, my lord, before I enter on a train of reflections, the chief tendency of which must inevitably be to sehw the evil consequences to be apprehended, to Europe in general, and to England in particular, from the insulating system, openly avowed and acted upon, by you and your colleagues, in aking and defending the fatal peace of Atties, it behoves me, to acknowledge, that such an exposition has, in some meaare, been anticipated by the natural sense and involuntary expression of the public. Your lordship must recollect, that the newspapers, which, from first to last, opposed and reprobated the war, reprobated, no less severely, all that part of our political system, which has been denominated continental sations. These prints spoke the senti ence, is a dishonourable abdication of a great "dignity and of a great power conferred by "Providence for the general happiness of man"kind."-Your lordship will scarcely believe, that this passage is extracted from the Morning Chronicle (of the 21st Sept.) from the paper which took the lead in the clamour that was, for ten years, incessantly kept up against all continental connexions; from the paper, which, under the direction of Mr. Fox and his partizans, demanded peace on any terms, and which has abused and vilified all those, who expressed their disapprobation of that very peace by which England committed this act of "dishonour"able abdication;" yet, it is very true, that these are the words of that paper, and they may teach your lordship how little reliance ought to be placed on the opinions and affections of what is called the people. Whether the Beekes, the Edens, and the rest of the inland navigation politicians, whther Mr. Wilberforce and the strong corps of wise-acres, will immediately follow the example of the Morning Chronicle, is more than I can say ; but I venture to assure your lordship, that, before this day twelvemonth, even the most selfish and most stupid part of the nation will have changed their way of thinking and speaking of continental connexions. The declaration of France and Russia, proceeds, according to the report of the honest Talleyrand, upon a supposition, that the present state of Germany amounts to nothing less than a dissolution of its political body; that the whole empire has undergone a revolution, that all its federative laws and usages have been effaced, that, as to the boundaries of dominion, the map is become a perfect blank, and that France and Russia have, merely out of philanthro |