and was sent, when he was thirteen years old, to Christ Church college, Cambridge, where he took his bachelor's de gree in 1617, and applied himself with so much diligence to his studies, as to attract much notice in the university. In 1619 he was removed to Catherine-hall, of which he beeame a fellow. Having taken orders, he was elected lecturer of Trinity church, in Cambridge, in 1628; in 1630 he took his degree of B. D. and in 1632 he was presented by the king to the vicarage of the same church. In these employments he was greatly admired and followed by the puritans, who began to look up to him as a leader, but becoming dissatisfied with the terms of conformity, he relinquished his preferments, and quitted the university in 1634, and to avoid the consequences of his nonconformity, went afterwards to Holland, where he was chosen pastor to an independent congregation at Arnheim. When the parliament had usurped all church authority, he returned to London, and became a member of the assembly of divines, with whom, however, he did not always agree. But his attachment to the independent party contributed to render him a favourite with Cromwell, through whose influence he was, in 1649, made one of the commissioners for the approbation of public preachers, and also appointed president of Magdalen college, Oxford. Here he formed a meeting upon the independent plan, or rather converted the college into a meeting of that description, but was not inattentive to the interests of learning. His intimacy and favour with Cromwell seems to have been fatal to his good sense, and probably the usurper's hypocrisy deceived him. When he attended Cromwell upon his death-bed, he was overheard to express himself with presumptuous confidence on the protector's recovery; and when the event proved him mistaken, he exclaimed in a subsequent prayer to God, "thou hast deceived us, and we are deceived." But he was not the only one of the nonconformists of that age who fancied themselves endued with extraordinary powers. After the restoration he was ejected from Oxford, and retired to London, where he was permitted to continue in the exercise of the ministry till his death in 1679. He was buried in Bunhill-fields, where a monument was erected to his memory, with a long Latin inscription. He was certainly a considerable scholar, and a learned and eminent divine. In the register at Oxford he is described in scriptis in re theologica quamplurimis Orbi notus.”

He was a high Calvinist; but, while he zealously enforced what he conceived to be the doctrines of Christianity, he did not forget to enforce by every incitement in his power the necessity of pure moral conduct. He was author of numerous pious and controversial pieces, sermons, expositions, &c. some of which were printed during his life-time, and inserted, after his death, in a collection of his works published in five volumes folio.'

GOOGE (BARNABY) was a celebrated poet and translator, who lived in the sixteenth century, but of whom little is known, unless that he was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, whence he removed to Staples Inn. Mr. Ellis conjectures that he might have been born about 1538. We have no doubt that he was the same Barnaby Googe who was a relation and retainer to sir William Cecil, queen Elizabeth's minister, and who was gentleman-pensioner to the queen. Mr. Churton thinks, with great probability, that he was the father of Barnaby Googe, master of Magdalen college, Cambridge, who was incorporated at Oxford in August 1605, when king James was there. In 1563

he published a very elegant little volume, now of the greatest rarity, entitled "Eglogs, Epitaphs, and Sonnetes."? One of the sonnets, superior, as the rest are, in point of harmony, to most of the productions of those days, is addressed to Alexander Nowell, afterwards the celebrated dean of St. Paul's, and reprinted in Mr. Churton's elaborate life of that divine. It is said there are only two copies of this volume in existence, one in the possession of Mr. Heber, who purchased it at George Steevens's sale, and the other in the library of Trinity college, Cambridge. Googe's principal translation was the "Zodiake of Life," from Marcellus Palingenius Stellatus, a very moral, but tiresome satire, perfectly unconnected with astronomy, the author merely distinguishing each of the twelve books of his poem by the name of a celestial sign. The first three books appeared in 1560, and the first six in 1561; the whole was printed complete in 1565, 12mo. In 1570 he translated from Naogeorgus, a poem on Antichrist; in 1577, Herebach's economical treatise on agriculture; and in 1579, Lopes de Mendoza's Spanish proverbs, and afterwards Aristotle's "Table of the Ten Categories." The few spe

Calamy.-Ath. Ox. vol. II.-Neal's Puritans.

cimens published from these very rare works are highly favourable to the author's talents and principles. '

1

GORDON (ALEXANDER), a native of Scotland, was an excellent draughtsman, and a good Grecian, who resided many years in Italy, visited most parts of that country, and had also travelled into France, Germany, &c. In 1736 he was appointed secretary to the society for the encouragement of learning, with an annual salary of 50%. which he resigned in 1739. In the same year (1736) he succeeded Dr. Stukeley as secretary to the society of antiquaries, which office he resigned in 1741 to Mr. Joseph Ames, and was for a short time secretary to the Egyptian club, composed of gentlemen who had visited Egypt, viz. lord Sandwich, Dr. Shaw, Dr. Pococke, &c. In 1741 he went to Carolina with governor Glen, where, besides a grant of land, he had several offices, such as register of the province, &c.; and died about 1750, a justice of the peace, leaving a handsome estate to his family. He published, 1." Itinerarium Septentrionale, or a Journey through most parts of the counties of Scotland, in two. parts, with 66 copper-plates, 1726," folio. 2. "Additions and Corrections, by way of supplement, to the Itinerarium Septentrionale; containing several dissertations on, and descriptions of, Roman antiquities, discovered in Scotland since publishing the said Itinerary. Together with observations on other ancient monuments found in the North of England, never before published, 1732," folio. A Latin edition of the "Itinerarium," including the Supplement, was printed in Holland, in 1731. 3. "The Lives of Alexander VI. and his son Cæsar Borgia, comprepope hending the wars in the reign of Charles VIII. and Lewis XII. kings of France; and the chief transactions and revolutions in Italy, from 1492 to 1516. With an appendix of original pieces referred to in the work, 1729," folio. 4. "A complete History of the ancient Amphitheatres, more particularly regarding the Architecture of these buildings, and in particular that of Verona, by the marquis Scipio Maffei; translated from the Italian, 1730," 8vo, afterwards enlarged in a second edition. 5. "An Essay towards explaining the Hieroglyphical Figures on the Coffin of the ancient Mummy belonging to capt. William

Phillips's Theatrum edited by sir E. Brydges.-Churton's Life of Nowell.Warton's Hist. of Poetry.-Strype's Life of Parker, p. 144.-Ellis's Specimens. Censura Literaria, vol. II. and V.

Lethieullier, 1737," folio, with cuts. 6. "Twenty-five plates of all the Egyptian Mummies, and other Egyptian Antiquities in England," about 1739, folio.'

GORDON (BERNARD), a French physician of the thirteenth century, is said to have conferred honour on the medical faculty of Montpellier, where he began to teach and to practise in 1285. As was the custom of the time, he took his surname from the place of his birth (Gordon, in Rouvergne), and called himself Bernardus de Gordonio, and not Gordonus, as it is commonly written. According to the accounts of some writers, who place the death of this physician in 1305, he taught at Montpellier only twenty years; but others say that he was living in 1318. He left a considerable number of treatises, which were published together at Ferrara in 1487, at Venice in 1494, at Paris in 1542, and at Lyons in 1550.*

GORDON (JAMES), a Scotch Jesuit, of the noble family of Gordon, was born in 1543, and educated at Rome, where he became a Jesuit, Sept. 20, 1563, and was created D.D. in 1569. He was professor of Hebrew and divinity for nearly fifty years in several parts of Europe, Rome, Paris, Bourdeaux, Pont a Mousson, &c. and acquired great reputation for learning and acuteness. He was employed as a missionary in England and Scotland, and was twice imprisoned for his zeal in making converts.

He was

also frequently employed by the general of his order in negociating their affairs, for which he had every requisite talent. Alegambe describes him as a saint, without a particle of human frailty, but Dodd allows that he lived very much in a state of dissipation, yet was regular in all the austerities of his profession. He died at Paris, April 16, 1620. His only writings are "Controversiarum Fidei Epitome," in three parts or volumes, 8vo, the first printed at Limoges, 1612, the second at Paris, and the third at Cologn in 1620. There was another JAMES GORDON, of the family of Lesmore, also a Scotch Jesuit, who was born at or near Aberdeen in 1553, and died at Paris, Nov. 17, 1641. He wrote a commentary on the Bible, "Biblia Sacra, cum Commentariis, &c." Paris, 3 vols. fol. 1632, which Dupin seems to think an useful and judicious work. He wrote also some historical and chronological works,

Nichols's Bowyer.

* Rees's Cyclopædia, from Eloy,-Mackenzie's Scotch Writers, vol. I. p. 439.

enumerated by Alegambe, and a system of moral theology, &c.

GORDON (THOMAS), a native of Scotland, and once distinguished by his party writings on political and religious subjects, was born at Kircudbright in Galloway, about the end of the seventeenth century. He had an university education, and went through the common course of academical studies; but whether at Aberdeen or St. Andrew's is uncertain. When a young man he came to London, and at first supported himself by teaching the languages, but afterwards commenced party writer, and was employed by the earl of Oxford in queen Anne's time; but we know not in what capacity. He first distinguished himself in the Bangorian controversy by two pamphlets in defence of Hoadly, which recommended him to Mr. Trenchard, an author of the same stamp, who took him into his house, at first as his amanuensis, and afterwards into partnership, as an author. In 1720, they began to publish, in conjunction, a series of letters, under the name of " Cato," upon various and important subjects relating to the public. About the same time they published another periodical paper, under the title of "The Independent Whig," which was continued some years after Trenchard's death by Gordon alone. The same spirit which appears, with more decent language, in Cato's letters against the administration in the state, shews itself in this work in much more glaring colours against the hierarchy in the church. It is, in truth, a gross and indecent libel on the established religion, which, however, Gordon was admirably qualified to write, as he had no religion of his own to check his intemperate sallies. After Trenchard's death, the minister, sir Robert Walpole, knowing his popular talents, took him into pay to defend his measures, for which end he wrote several pamphlets. At the time of his death, July 28, 1750, he was first commissioner of the wine-licences, an office which he had enjoyed many years, and which diminished his patriotism surprisingly. He was twice married. His second wife was the widow of his friend Trenchard; by whom he had children, and who survived him. Two collections of his tracts have been preserved: the first entitled, "A Cordial for Low-spirits," in three volumes; and the second, "The Pillars of Priestcraft and Ortho

1 Alegambe Bibl. Script. Societat. Jesu.—Dodd's Church History, vol. II.