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doxy shaken," in two volumes. But these, like many other posthumous pieces, had better have been suppressed. His translations of Sallust and Tacitus, now, perhaps, contribute more to preserve his name, although without conferring much reputation on it. His Tacitus appeared in 2 vols. fol. in 1728, with discourses taken from foreign commentators and translators of that historian. Sir Robert Walpole patronised a subscription for the work, which was very successful; but no classic was perhaps ever so miserably mangled. His style is extremely vulgar, yet affected, and abounds with abrupt and inharmonious pe riods, totally destitute of any resemblance to the original, while the translator fancied he was giving a correct imitation. 1

GORDON (WILLIAM), an Anglo-American divine and historian, and minister at Roxburg in Massachusetts, was born at Hitchin, in Hertfordshire, in 1729, and educated at a dissenting academy in or near London. He was afterwards pastor of an independent congregation at Ipswich, where he officiated for several years. In 1772 he went to America, and settled at Roxburg. When the revolution commenced in America, he took a very active part against his native country, and was appointed chaplain to the provincial congress of Massachusetts. In 1776 he appears first to have conceived the design of writing the history of the revolution and war, and began to collect materials on the spot, in which he was assisted by the communication of state papers, and the correspondence of Washington and the other generals who had made a distinguished figure in the field. In 1786 he came to England, and in 1788 published, in 4 vols. 8vo, "The History of the rise, progress, and establishment of the Independence of the United States of America." This, however, is rather a collection of facts, than a regular history, for the writing of which, indeed, the author had no talent; his style is vulgar and confused, and his reflections common-place. The best parts of it occur where he made most use of Dodsley's Annual Register. The colouring he attempts to give, as may be expected, is entirely unfavourable to the English, nor does he endeavour to disguise his partialities. He is said to have published also some sermons; a pamphlet recom

1 Biog. Brit. art. Trenchard.-Whiston's MS notes on the first edition of this Dictionary.

mending a society for the benefit of widows, another against the doctrine of universal redemption, and an abridgment of Edwards, "on religious affections." He appears not to have returned to America after the publication of his history, but to have resided partly at St. Neots, and partly at Ipswich, at which last he died in 1807.1

GORE (THOMAS), a heraldic writer, was born of an ancient family at Alderton, in Wiltshire, in 1631, and was educated at Magdalen college, Oxford. Thence he went to Lincoln's-inn, but probably with no serious purpose to study the law, as he retired afterwards to his patrimony at Alderton. Here his property entitled him to the honour of being appointed high sheriff of Wiltshire in 1680, at which time some unjust aspersions on his character induced him to write a defence entitled "Loyalty displayed, and falsehood unmasked," &c. Lond. 1681, 4to. He died March 31, 1684, at Alderton, leaving a variety of curious MSS. and printed collections on his favourite study of heraldry. His publications were, 1. " A Table shewing how to blazon a coat ten several ways," 1655, a single sheet copied from Ferne. 2." Series Alphabetica, LatinoAnglica, Nomina Gentilitiorum, sive cognominum plurimarum familiarum, quæ multos per annos in Anglia floruere," Oxon. 1667, 8vo. A copy of this rare book is in the British Museum. 3. "Catalogus in certa capita, seu Classes, alphabetico ordine concinnatus, plerorumque omnium Authorum (tam antiquorum quam recentiorum) qui de re Heraldica, Latinè, Gallicè, Ital. Hisp. &c. scripserunt," Qx. 1668, reprinted with enlargements, 1674. "Nomenclator geographicus," &c. Ox. 1667, 8vo.

4.

GORELLI or GREGORIO, the son of Raynier, of the family of Sinigardi, of Arezzo, in Italy, lived in the fourteenth century, and was notary of Arezzo, an office of considerable rank. In his fiftieth year he formed the design of writing the history of his country in Italian verse, and unfortunately took Dante for his model, whom he was unable to follow. The events he relates concern the period from 1310 to 1384, and may be consulted with advantage by those who will overlook the badness of the poetry. When he died is not known. Muratori has inserted his history in his collection of Italian historians.'

1 Supplementary vol. to the Dict. Hist. 1812, which consists chiefly of Ame. rican lives, probably contributed by an American. a Moreri.

Ath. Ox. vol. II.-Gent. Mag. vol. LXII.

GORGIAS (LEONTINUS), a native of Leontium, in Sicily, who flourished in the fifth century B. C. was a celebrated orator of the school of Empedocles. He was deputed in the year 427, by his fellow-citizens, to request succour of the Athenians against the people of Syracuse, whom he so charmed with his eloquence that he easily obtained what he required. He also made a display of his eloquence at the Olympic and Pythian games, and with so much success, that a statue of gold was erected to him at Delphi, and money was coined with his name upon it. In the latter part of his life he established himself at Athens, and lived till he had attained the age of one hundred and five years. He is reputed, according to Quintilian, to be the author and inventor of extemporaneous speaking, in which art he exercised his disciples. Hermogenes has preserved a fragment of his, from which we may infer that his manner was quaint and artificial, full of antithesis and pointed expression.'

GORIO (ANTHONY FRANCIS), a learned antiquary of Florence, was born in 1691, and died Jan. 21, 1757, in that city. He was the author of an account of the grand duke's cabinet, entitled "Museum Florentinum," Florent. 1731, continued to 11 vols. fol.; "Museum Etruscum," 1737, 3 vols, fol.; "Museum Cortonense," Romæ, 1750, fol. He also published the ancient Inscriptions which are found in the cities of Tuscany; Florence, 1727, 3 vols. fol. ; and other books on Tuscan antiquities. His "Musæum Florentinum" contains in vol. I. "Gemmæ," dedicated to Gaston, 100 plates; vol. II. 1732, "Gemmæ," 100 plates; vol. III. 1734, "Statue," dedicated to Gaston, 100 plates; vols. IV. V. and VI. 1740, "Numismata," dedicated to Francis III. 115 plates. It is divided into three parts; one consisting of figures, two of dissertations; sometimes bound in 2 vols. and sometimes in three. In 1748, 50 portraits of the eminent professors of painting were engraved, with no farther explanation than their names, the year in which they were born and died; but this part is frequently wanting, because these portraits may be found in the History of the Painters, 4 vols. with their lives, by Francis Moucké. Vol. VII. is the first volume of the painters, 1752, 55 portraits. Vol. VIII. the second volume of the painters, 1754, 55 portraits. Vol. IX. the

Fabric. Bibl. Græc.-Moreri.-Saxii Onomast.

third volume of the painters, 1756, 55 portraits. Vol. X. the fourth volume of the painters, 1762, 55 portraits. Vol. XI. contains 100 portraits of painters, which may be found in the abbé Pozzi, and their lives by the abbé Orazis Marrini, Florence, 1764, 2 tom. each, divided into two parts; the whole bound in 1 vol.'

GORION. See JOSEPH BEN GORION.

GORLÆUS (ABRAHAM), an eminent antiquary, was born at Antwerp in 1549, and gained a reputation by collecting medals and other antiques. He was chiefly fond of the rings and seals of the ancients, of which he published a prodigious number in 1601, under this title, "Dactyliotheca, sive Annulorum Sigillarium, quorum apud priscos tam Græcos quam Romanos usus ex ferro, ære, argento, & auro, Promptuarium." This was the first part of the work; the second was entitled "Variarum Gemmarum, quibus Antiquitas in signando uti solita, sculpturæ." This work has undergone several editions, the best of which is that of Leyden, 1625; which not only contains a vast number of cuts, but a short explication of them by Gronovius. In 1608 he published a collection of medals; which, however, if we may believe the "Scaligerana," it is not safe always to trust. Some have asserted, that he never studied the Latin tongue, and that the learned preface prefixed to his "Dactyliotheca," was written by another. Peiresc, as Gassendus relates, used to say, that "though Gorlæus never studied the Latin tongue, yet he understood all the books written in Latin concerning medals and coins;" but this cannot be reconciled with the accounts of him in other authors, nor indeed with probability. Gorlæus resided principally at Delft, and died there April 15, 1609. His collections of antiques were sold by his heirs to the pirnce of Wales."

GORRIS (JOHN DE), in Latin GORREUS, a physician, was born at Paris in 1505. He took the degree of doctor of physic in that city about 1540, and was appointed dean of the faculty in 1548. He is said to have possessed both the learning and sagacity requisite to form an accomplished physician, and to have practised with great humanity and success. His works, which were published in 1622, folio, by one of his sons, contributed to support this reputation.

1 Dict. Hist.—Saxii Onomast.—Archæologia, vol. VII,
Gen. Dict.-Moreri.-Foppen Bibl. Belg.-Saxii Onomast.

The greater part of them consists of commentaries on different portions of the writings of Hippocrates, Galen, and Nicander. During the civil war, which was fatal to numerous men of letters, John de Gorris was stopped by a party of soldiers, when on his journey to Melun to visit the bishop of Paris, and the fright which he sustained is said to have deprived him of his reason. This occurred in 1561, and he lived in this deplorable condition until his death at Paris, in 1577. His father, PETER DE GOKRIS, was a physician at Bourges, attained considerable eminence, and left two works, one on the general "practice of medicine," dated 1555; the other," a collection of formulæ," 1560, both in Latin.'

GORTER (JOHN DE), a physician, was born in 1689, at Eukhuysen, and after having been a disciple of the celebrated Boerhaave, became a distinguished teacher of medicine at Harderwick, in consequence of which he was elected a member of the academies of Petersburg, Rome, and Haerlem, and obtained the title of physician to Elizabeth, empress of all the Russias. He died Sept. 11, 1762. He was the author of several works, which are written with excellent method, and contain many interesting and original observations, relating to physiological and practical subjects, as well as to the practice of the ancients. The principal are, 1. "De Perspiratione insensibili," Leyden and Padua, 1725, 4to, often reprinted. 2. "De Secretione humorum in sanguine," ibid. 1727. 3. "Medicinæ Compendium," 1731-1737, 2 vols. 4to. 4. "Exercitationes quatuor medica," Amst. 1737, 4to, &c. son, DAVID DE GORTER, professor of physic and botany in the Dutch university of Harderwick, was author of several local Floras of that neighbourhood, and of Elementa BoHe died in 1783, aged sixty-six.

tanica.

2

His

GOSSELINI (JULIAN), an Italian poet and miscellaneous writer, was born at Rome in 1525, where he pursued his. studies in the house of the cardinal de Santa Fiora, but in his seventeenth year was taken into the service of Ferdinand Gonzaga, then viceroy of Sicily, and governor of Milan, to which city he accompanied that nobleman in 1546, and became his secretary. He was afterwards taken to the court of Spain, where he obtained the esteem and

1 Niceron, vol. XXXVIII.-Rees's Cyclopædia,-Saxii Onomast. 2 Dict. Hist.-Rees's Cyclopædia.

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