the occasion. He also wrote an "Essay concerning Preaching," for the use of a young divine; to which he added, "A seasonable Defence of Preaching, and the plain way of it." This was chiefly levelled against that affectation of wit and fine speaking which began then to be fashionable. This essay was published in 1678, and the same year he was collated by his majesty to a prebend in the church of Worcester. This promotion was procured by the marquis of Worcester, to whom his wife was related; and it was the more easily obtained, as he had been chaplain to the king ever since 1672; in which year he exchanged the vicarage of Frome for the rectory of Street, with the chapel of Walton annexed, in Somersetshire, an exchange which was easily accomplished, since both the livings were in the patronage of sir James Thynne.

He published a great number of tracts besides what have been mentioned. Among which are, 1. "A Blow at Modern Sadducism," &c. 1668, to which was added, 2. "A Relation of the fancied Disturbances at the house of Mr. Mumpesson;" as also, 3. "Reflections on Drollery and Atheism." 4. "Palpable Evidence of Spirits and Witchcraft," &c. 1668. 5. "A Whip for the Droll Fidler to the Atheist," 1668. 6. "Essays on several important subjects in Philosophy and Religion," 1676, 4to. 7. "An Essay concerning Preaching," 1678, 8vo, to which was added, 8. "A seasonable Defence of Preaching, and the plain way of it.” 9. "Letters to the Duchess of Newcastle." 10. Three single Sermons, besides four printed together, under the title of "Seasonable Reflections and Discourses, in order to the Conviction and Cure of the scoffing Infidelity of a degenerate age." As he had a lively imagination, and a flowing style, these came from him very easily, and he continued the exercise of his pen to the last; the press having scarcely finished his piece, entitled "The zealous and impartial Protestant," &c. 1680, when he was attacked by a fever, which baffling the physician's skill, cut him off in the vigour of his age. He died at Bath, Nov. 4th, 1680, about the age of forty-four. Mr. Joseph Pleydel, archdeacon of Chichester, preached his funeral sermon, when his corpse was interred in his own parish church, where a decent monument and inscription was afterwards dedicated to his memory by Margaret his widow, sprung from the Selwins of Gloucestershire. She was his second wife; but he had no issue by either. VOL. XVI.

C

1

Soon after his decease, several of his sermons, and other pieces, were collected and published with the title of "Some Discourses, Sermons, and Remains," 1681, 4to, by Dr. Henry Horneck, who tells us that death snatched him away, when the learned world expected some of his greatest attempts and enterprizes. Horneck gave a large, and apparently very just character of Glanvil, who was unquestionably a man of learning and genius, and although he retained the belief in witchcraft, surmounted many of the other prejudices of his time.1

GLASS (JOHN), a Scotch clergyman, and founder of a sect, was born at Dundee, 1638, and educated in the New-college, at St. Andrew's, where he took his degrees, and was settled minister of a country church, near the place of his nativity. In 1727 he published a treatise to prove that the civil establishment of religion was inconsistent with Christianity, for which he was deposed, and became the father of a new sect, called from him Glassites; and afterwards from another leading propagator, Sandemanians. Some account of their tenets will be given under the article SANDEMAN. Glass wrote a great number of controversial tracts, which have been published at Edinburgh, in 4 vols. 8vo. He died at Dundee, in 1773, aged seventy-five.2

GLASS (JOHN), son of the above, was born at Dundee, in 1725, and brought up a surgeon, in which capacity he went several voyages to the West Indies, but not liking his profession, he accepted the command of a merchant's ship belonging to London, and engaged in the trade to the Brazils. Being a man of considerable abilities, he published in 1 vol. 4to, "A Decription of Teneriffe, with the Manners and Customs of the Portuguese who are settled there." In 1763 he went over to the Brazils, taking along with him his wife and daughter; and in 1765 set sail for London, bringing along with him all his property; but just when the ship came within sight of the coast of Ireland, four of the seamen entered into a conspiracy, murdered captain Glass, his wife, daughter, the mate, one seaman, and two boys. These miscreants, having loaded their boat with dollars, sunk the ship, and landed at Ross, whence they proceeded to Dublin, where they were apprehended and executed Oct. 1764.*

'Gen. Dict.-Biog. Brit.-Ath. Ox. vol. II.-Prince's Wortbies.
Preceding edit. of this Dict.
& Ibid.

GLASSIUS (SOLOMON), an eminent German divine and critic, was born May 20, 1593, at Sondershausen, in Thuringia, and after some education under a private tutor, was sent in 1612 to Jena, where he was admitted to the degree of D. D. and was made professor of divinity. He was also appointed superintendant of the churches and schools in the duchy of Saxe-Gotha, and exercised the duties of these offices with great reputation. He died at Gotha July 27, 1656. His principal work was published in 1623, 4to, entitled "Philologia Sacra," which is pronounced by Mosheim and Buddeus to be extremely useful for the interpretation of Scripture, as it throws much light upon the language and phraseology of the inspired writers. There have been several editions, the last at Leipsic, in 1776, by professor Dathius, under the title " Philologia Sacra his temporibus accommodata." He was author, likewise, of "Onomatologia Messiæ Prophetica ;" "Christologia Mosaica et Davidica;"" Exegesis Evangeliorum et Epistolarum," and some other pieces.'

GLAUBER (JOHN RODOLPH), a celebrated chemist of Amsterdam, and called the Paracelsus of his age, was born in Germany in the beginning of the sixteenth century. He travelled much in the pursuit of chemical knowledge, and collected many secret processes; and his experiments contributed to throw much light on the composition and analysis of the metals, inflammable substances, and salts. In fact he passed the greater part of his life in the laboratory. He did not always see the proper application of his own experiments, and vainly fancied that he had discovered the panacea, and the philosopher's stone, which were at that time objects of pursuit; and the disappointment of many persons who had been seduced by his promises, contributed to bring the art of chemistry into contempt. His theory is full of obscurity; but his practice has perhaps been misrepresented by those who listened to his vain and pompous pretensions; and who accuse him of a dishonourable traffick, in first selling his secrets to chemists at an enormous price, of again disposing of them to other persons, and lastly, of making them public in order to extend his reputation. Glauber published about twenty treatises; in some of which he appears in the character of physician, in others in that of an adept or metal

Freheri Theatrum.-Moreri,-Saxii Onomast.

lurgist; in the latter he most particularly excelled. However, it would be unjust not to give him the praise of acuteness of mind, of facility and address in the prosecution of his experiments, and of extensive chemical knowledge. He was the inventor of a salt which to this day retains his name in the shops of our apothecaries. The works of Glauber have appeared in different languages; the majority of editions are in German, some in Latin, and others in French. A collection of the whole in Latin was published at Francfort in 1658, in 8vo, and again 1659, in 4to. An English translation was published by Christopher Pack, London, 1689, fol.'

GLISSON (FRANCIS), an English physician, was son of William Glisson, of Rampisham, in Dorsetshire, and grandson of Walter Glisson, of the city of Bristol. He appears

to have been born in 1596. Where he learned the first rudiments of his grammar is not known; but he was admitted June 18, 1617, of Caius college, in Cambridge, apparently with a view to physic. He first, however, went through the academical courses of logic and philosophy, and proceeded in arts, in which he took both degrees, that of B. A. in 1620, and of M. A. in 1624; and being chosen fellow of his college, was incorporated M. A. at Oxford, Oct. 25, 1627. From this time he applied himself particularly to the study of medicine, and took his doctor's degree at Cambridge in 1634, and was appointed regius professor of physic in the room of Ralph Winterton; which office he held forty years. But not chusing to reside constantly at Cambridge, he offered himself, and was admitted candidate of the college of physicians, London, in 1634, and was elected fellow, Sept. 30, the ensuing year.

In the study of his art, he had always set the immortal Harvey before him as a pattern; and treading in his steps, he was diligent to improve physic by anatomical dissections and observations. In 1639 he was appointed to read Dr. Edward Wall's lecture, and in executing that office, made several new discoveries of great use in establishing a rational practice of physic; but on the breaking out of the civil wars, he retired to Colchester, and followed the business of his profession with great repute in those times of public confusion. He was thus employed during the me

Rees's Cyclopædia, from Eloy's Dict. Hist.

morable siege and surrender of that city to the rebels in 1648; and resided there some time after.

Amidst his practice he still prosecuted his anatomical researches, and from observations made in this way published an account of the rickets in 1650, in which he shewed how the viscera of such as had died of that disorder were affected *. This was the more interesting, as the rickets had been then first discovered in the counties of Dorset and Somerset, only about fifteen years before. In this treatise he had the assistance of two of his colleagues, Dr. George Bate, and Dr. Ahasuerus Regemorter; and these with other fellows of the college, requesting him to communicate to the public some of his anatomical lectures which had been read before them, he drew those up in a continued discourse, printed with the title "Anatomia Hepatis," Lond. 1654, which brought him into the highest esteem among the faculty, and he was chosen one of the electors of the college the year following, and was afterwards president for several years. He published other pieces besides those already mentioned; viz. 1. "De Lymphæductis nuper repertis," Amst. 1659, with the "Anatomica prolegomena & Anatomia Hepatis." 2. “De naturæ substantia energetica, seu de via vitæ naturæ ejusque tribus primis facultatibus," &c. Lond. 1672, 4to. His last work was a "Treatise of the Stomach and Intestines," printed at Amsterdam in 1677, not long before his death, which happened that year in the parish of St. Bride, London, in his eighty-first year.

Wood observes, that he died much lamented, as a person to whose learned lucubrations and deep disquisitions in physic not only Great Britain, but remoter kingdoms, owe a particular respect and veneration, and it is certain that he was exceeded in judgment and accuracy by none of the English anatomists, who followed the steps of Harvey. Boerhaave terms him " omnium anatomicorum exactissimus," and Haller speaks in praise of all his writings. Se

The title of it is, "De Rachitide; sive morbo puerili qui vulgo the Rickets dicitur," Lond. 1650. But though this disease was then modern, yet a treatise had been published before this of our author, in 1645, 8vo, by Dr. Whistler, afterwards president of the college, with the title of "Pædosplanchnosteocace," from the viscera

being judged to be the parts principally affected. In which opinion he was followed by our author; but the cause and nature of the disorder was better explained afterwards by Dr. John Mayow, in a small treatise published upon it in 1668, 12mo, and again in 1681.