pear, yet several of his proceedings shew, that he was in the full possession of the metropolitical power in 1582, in which yet it is also certain he lost his eye-sight. Sir John Harrington imagines that his being blind was only a report circulated by his friends, in order to conceal his being in confinement by the queen's order in his own house, but Strype has amply refuted this supposition. He was also much broken down by hard study and infirmities, especially the strangury and colic, with which he had long been afflicted; and losing all hopes of recovering his sight, he resigned his see towards the latter end of 1582, and although by no means a favourite with his royal mistress at this time, she thought proper to grant him a pension for his life. With this provision he retired to Croydon, where he died July 6, 1583, and was interred in that church, where a stone monument was erected to his memory.

Strype has ably vindicated his memory from the misrepresentations of Fuller and Heylin, who consider him as too much inclined to puritanism; and observes, that in the times in which he lived, when he was better known, his episcopal abilities, and admirable endowments for spiritual government, as well as his great learning, were much celebrated. He was a man, says Strype, of great firmness and resolution, though of a mild and affable temper, and friendly disposition; in his deportment courteous and engaging, not easily provoked, well spoken, and easy of access; and in his elation not at all affecting grandeur or state, always obliging in his carriage, as well as kind and grateful to his servants, and of a free and generous spirit. Strype allows, what indeed is obvious, that he used great moderation towards the puritans, to whose interest in the cabinet, joined to his own merits, his preferment was in a great measure owing; and had they repaid this moderation by a corresponding behaviour, he would have less seldom incurred the displeasure of the court *, who thought his favours ill-bestowed on men of restless and turbulent dis

* Grindal had the misfortune to serve a queen who meddled too much in matters above her comprehension; but it was not on account of religion only that he lost her favour. At one time, Julio Borgarucci, an Italian physician, was in great estimation in this country with the people of quality, though infamous for his proficiency in the composition of poisons. The earl

of Leicester, who was perhaps indebted to him for services of this kind, was excessively attached to him; and through that nobleman's interference, Grindal, who had condemned the marriage of Julio to another man's wife, lost the queen's favour for ever.Lodge's Illustrations, vol. II. p. 157. See also Harrington's Brief View, and Camden's Anuals,

positions. He had a great respect for the eminent reformers abroad, Calvin, Luther, Melancthon, Bucer, Peter Martyr, Bullinger, Zanchius, and others, with whom he had contracted a friendship during his exile, and always carried on a correspondence; and he was very instrumental in obtaining a settlement for the French protestants in their own way of worship, approaching to the Genevan, who were allowed to assemble in the Walloon church in Threadneedle-street, which has ever since been a French

church.

Collier, whose authority is of some consequence in this case, clears Grindal from all imputations of puritanism, and speaking of the articles at one of his metropolitical visitations, observes, that he was no negligent governor, nor a person of latitude or indifference for the ceremonies of the church; but, on the other hand, he was more deeply concerned for her doctrines, and a strenuous assertor of them. He was celebrated as a preacher in king Edward VI.'s time, both at court and in the university; and in the beginning of queen Elizabeth's reign, when the protestant religion was to be declared and inculcated to the people, he was one of the chief persons employed in the pulpit at St. Paul's, and before the queen and nobility.

Besides what have already been noticed, Grindal assisted Fox in his Martyrology, in which is printed a composition of his entitled a " Dialogue between Custom and Truth," written in a very clear manner, in refutation of the doctrine of the corporal presence in the sacrament. He lived and died unmarried, yet does not seem to have amassed much wealth amidst all his preferments. At his death, however, he became a considerable benefactor to learning. He left 30l. per annum for the maintenance of a free grammar-school at St. Begh's, in Cumberland, near the place of his birth; and for the building, &c. of it 3661. 13s. 4d; various sums to several colleges at Cambridge, and cups, pictures, &c. to various friends. It may be worth noticing, that Grindal, who, by the way, is the Algrind of Spenser, first brought the tamarisk to England, so useful in medicine, when he returned from his exile.

GRISAUNT (WILLIAM), a physician, astronomer, and mathematician, and like his countryman, friar Bacon, vio

'Strype's Life of Grindal.-Biog. Brit.-Hutchinson's Cumberland, vol. II, 35.-Harrington's Brief View.-Le Neve's Lives of the Bishops.

lently suspected of magic, lived in the fourteenth century. He studied at Merton college, Oxford; and, probably to escape the disagreeable consequences of such suspicions, went into France, where he devoted himself entirely to the study of medicine, first at Montpelier, and then at Marseilles. In this city he fixed his residence, and lived by the practice of his profession, in which he acquired much skill and eminence. There is no greater proof of his genius, besides the imputations he laboured under in his youth, than his assiduously pursuing the method instituted by the Greek physicians, of investigating the nature and cause of the disease and the constitution of the patient. The time of his death is not known; but we are told that he was an old man in 1350, and that he had a son, who was first an abbot of canons regular at Marseilles, and at length arrived at the pontificate under the name of Urban V. Bale and Pits both give lists of his works, none of which are known to be extant.1

GRIVE (JOHN DE LA), a French topographer and engraver, was born in 1689 at Sedan, and going to Paris, entered the congregation of the priests of St. Lazare, and was sent by them into Poland, to be professor of divinity at Cracow. In a short time, however, he returned, and afterwards quitted his congregation to devote himself entirely to mathematics and topography. He published the "Plan of Paris," 1728, a very good work in itself, but the engraving was too imperfect; at which the abbé de Grive was so vexed, that he broke the plates, and determined, in future, to engrave his works himself, which resolution he executed punctually. Being appointed geographer of Paris, he drew the course of the river Seine, from its source to its mouth. M. de la Grive assisted M. Cassini in determining the meridian of Paris, and undertook a very particular and circumstantial account of that capital, which work was far advanced at the time of his death, which happened April 1757. The first two drawings of this vast plan have been published by M. Hugnin, his pupil. The other most esteemed works of the abbé de la Grive are, his "Environs de Paris;" Jardins de Marly;" "Terrier du Domaine du Roi aux Environs de Paris;" "Plan de Versailles," &c. He also left "Le Manuel de Trigonometrie Sphérique," published in 1754.2

Bale.Pits,Aikin's Biog. Memoirs of Medicine.

2 Moreri.Dict. Hist.

GROCYN (WILLIAM), a man eminently learned in his day, and one of the revivers of literature, was born at Bristol in 1442, and educated at Winchester-school. He was elected thence to New college, Oxford, in 1467; and in 1479, presented by the warden and fellows to the rectory of Newton-Longville, in Buckinghamshire. But his residence being mostly at Oxford, the society of Magdalen college made him their divinity reader, about the beginning of Richard the IIId's reign; and that king coming soon after to Oxford, he had the honour to hold a disputation before him, with which his majesty was SO pleased, that he rewarded him graciously. In 1485 he was made a prebendary of Lincoln, and in 1488 he quitted his reader's place at Magdalen college, in order to travel into foreign countries; for though he might be reckoned a great master of the Greek and Latin languages in England, where the former especially was then scarcely understood at all, yet he well knew that a more perfect knowledge of it might be attained; and accordingly he went into Italy, and studied there some time under Demetrius Chalcondyles and Politian. He returned to England, and fixed himself in Exeter college, at Oxford, in 1491, where he took the degree of B. D. Here too he publicly taught the Greek language, and was the first who introduced a better pronunciation of it than had been known in this island before. But the introduction of this language alarming many, as a most dangerous innovation, the university divided itself into two factions, distinguished by the appellation of Greeks and Trojans, who bore each other a violent animosity, and proceeded to open hostilities. Anthony Wood says, "I cannot but wonder when I think upon it, to what a strange ignorance were the scholars arrived, when, as they would by no means receive it, but rather scoff and laugh at it; some against the new pronunciation of it, which was endeavoured to be settled; others at the language itself, having not at all read any thing thereof. It is said that there were lately a company of good fellows (Cambridge men as 'tis reported) who, either out of hatred to the Greek tongue, or good letters, or merely to laugh and sport, joined together and called themselves Trojans one, who was the senior, and wiser than the rest, called himself Priam, another Hector, a third Parys, and the rest by some ancient Trojan names; who, after a jocular way, did oppose as Grecians, the students of the Greek tongue."

In this situation, Grocyn was, when Erasmus came to Oxford; and if he was not this great man's tutor, yet he certainly assisted him in attaining a more perfect knowledge of the Greek. He was, however, very friendly to Erasmus, and did him many kind offices, as introducing him to archbishop Warham, &c. He also boarded him gratis in his house, although he was by no means in affluent circumstances. We cannot be surprized therefore that Erasmus speaks of him often in a strain which shews that he entertained the most sincere regard for him, as well as the highest opinion of his abilities, learning, and integrity. About 1590 he resigned his living, being then made master of Allhallows college, at Maidstone, in Kent, though he continued still to live mostly at Oxford. Grocyn had no esteem for Plato, but applied himself intensely to Aristotle, whose whole works he had formed a design of translating, in conjunction with William Latimer, Linacre, and More, but did not pursue it. While his friend Colet was dean of St. Paul's, Grocyn gave a remarkable evidence of the candour and ingenuousness of his temper. He read in St. Paul's cathedral a public lecture upon the book of Dionysius Areopagita, commonly called "Hierarchia Ecclesiastica;" it being customary at that time for the public lecturers, both in the universities, and in the cathedral churches, to read upon any book, rather than upon the scriptures, till dean Colet reformed that practice. Grocyu, in the preface to his lecture, declaimed with great warmth against those who either denied or doubted of the authority of the book on which he was reading. But after he had continued to read a few weeks, and had more thoroughly examined the matter, he entirely changed his sentiments; and openly and candidly declared that he had been in an error; and that the said book, in his judgment, was spurious, and never written by him who, in the Acts of the Apostles, is called Dionysius the Areopagite. But when dean Colet had introduced the custom of reading lectures upon some part of the scriptures at his cathedral, he engaged Grocyn, according to Dr. Knight, as one of the most learned and able men he could meet with, in that useful employment.

Grocyn died at Maidstone in 1519, of a stroke of the palsy, which he had received a year before, and which made him, says Erasmus, "sibi ipsi superstitem;" that is, outlive his faculties. Linacre, the celebrated physician