was employed in preparing an 'edition of Livy in 1679, when he was nominated to a professor's place at Leyden, which he accepted; and by his inaugural speech obtained an augmentation to the salary of 400 florins a year, which was continued to his death. He was particularly pleased with the honour shewn to his merit; and Leyden being the city preferred by him, as the place of his education and his father's residence, he resolved never to leave it for the sake of any other preferment. In this view he refused the chair of the celebrated Octavio Ferrari at Padua, and declined the invitation of Frederic duke of Sleswick to accept a considerable stipend for a lecture at Kell, in Holstein. This post was offered him in 1696, and two years afterwards the Venetian ambassador at the Hague made him larger offers to engage him to settle at Padua; but he withstood all attempts to draw him from Leyden, as his father had done before him; and, to engage him firmer to them, in 1702, the curators of that university gave him the lecture of geography, with the same augmentation to the stipend as had been given to his predecessor Philip Cluverius.

He was revising Tacitus in order to a new edition, when he lost his youngest daughter, September 12, 1716, and he survived her not many weeks. The loss proved insupportable; he fell sick a few days after it, and died of grief, October 21, aged seventy-one. He left two sons, both bred to letters; the eldest being a doctor of physic, and the youngest, Abraham, professor of history at Utrecht. His valuable library, long retained in the possession of the family, and for which 30,000 florins had been offered by the late empress of Russia, was sold by auction at Leyden about 1785, and produced only 5000 florins. It is remarked of James Gronovius, that he fell short of his father, in respect of modesty and moderation, as far as he exceeded him in literature: in his disputes, he treated his antagonists with such a bitterness of style as procured him the name of the second Scioppius, the justness of which censure appears throughout his numerous works, although they must be allowed to form a stupendous monument of literary industry and critical acumen. The following list is probably correct: 1. "Macrobius, cum notis variorum," Leyd. 1670, 8vo, London, 1694, 8vo. 2. "Polybius cum suis ac ineditis Casauboni, &c. notis," Gr. & Lat." Amst. 1670, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. "Tacitus," ibid. 1672, 2 vols. 8vo, and

Utrecht, 1721, 4to, enlarged by his son Abraham. Harwood says it is an infinitely better and more useful edition than that of Brotier. 4. "Supplementa lacunarum in Ænea Tactico, Dione Cassio, et Arriano," Leyden, 1675, 8vo. 5. "Dissertationes Epistolicæ," Amst. 1678, 8vo, consisting of critical remarks on various authors. Those he made on Livy involved him in a dispute with Fabretti, who having attacked our critic in his work "De Aquis et Aquæductibus veteris Romæ," Gronovius answered him in, 6. "Responsio ad cavillationes R. Fabretti," Leyden, 1685, 8vo. Fabretti, who is treated here with very little ceremony, took his revenge in a work, the title of which is no bad. specimen of literary railing, "Jasithei ad Gronovium Apologema, in ejusque Titivilitia seu de Tito Livio somnia animadversiones," Naples, 1686, 4to. 7. "Fragmentum Stephani Byzantini Grammatici de Dodone, &c." Leyden, 1681, 4to. 8." Henrici Valesii Notæ, &c. in Harpocrationem," Leyden, 1682, 4to, reprinted in Blancard's edition of Harpocration, in 1683. 9. "Senecæ Tragediæ," Amst. 1682, 12mo. This is the edition which his father was preparing when he died. 10. "Exercitationes aca

demicæ de pernicie et casu Judæ," Leyden, 1683, 4to, an endeavour to reconcile the accounts of St. Matthew and St. Luke of the death of Judas. This involved him in a quarrel with Joachim Feller, against whom Gronovius defended himself in a second edition of this tract published at Leyden in 1702, and opened there a controversy with Perizonius. This produced from Gronovius, 11. "Notitia et illustratio dissertationis nuperæ de morte Judæ," Leyden, 1703, 4to; to which Perizonius replied, but the combatants became so warm that the curators of the university of Leyden thought proper to silence them both.

66

12.

13.

Castigationes ad paraphrasim Græcam Enchiridii Epicteti ex codice Mediceo," Delft, 1683, 8vo. This includes the notes published in Berkelius's edition of 1670. "Dissertatio de origine Romuli," Leyden, 1684, 8vo, in which he treats the commonly received notion of the origin of Romulus and Remus, and their being nursed by a wolf, as fabulous. 14. "Gemmæ et sculpturæ antiquæ, &c." a Latin translation of Leonard Augustini's Italian description of these antiquities, with a learned preface by our author. 15. "Pomponii Melæ libri tres de situ orbis," Leyden, 1685, 8vo, without his name, and containing an attack on Vossius's observations on that author. Vossius

having defended himself in an appendix to his " Observationes ad Melam," printed at London in 1686, 4to, Gronovius replied in, 16. "Epistola de argutiolis Isaaci Vossii,” 1687, 8vo, with his usual severity, which he increased in his notice of Vossius in a new edition of P. Mela, in 1696. This edition, besides the extracts of the cosmography of Julius and Honorius, and that ascribed to Ethicus, which were inserted in the former edition, contains the anonymous geographer of Ravenna. 17. "Epistola ad Johannem Georgium Grævium V. Cl. de Pallacopâ, ubi Descriptio ejus ab Arriano facta liberatur ab Isaaci Vossii frustrationibus," Leyden, 1686, 8vo. 18. "Notæ ad Lucianum," printed in Grævius's edition of Lucian in 2 vols. Amst. 1686, 8vo. 19. Variæ Lectiones & Notæ in Stephanum Byzantinum de Urbibus:" inserted in the edition of that author published by Abraham Berkelius at Leyden in 1688, folio. 20. "Cebetis Thebani Tabula Græcè & Latinè," Amst. 1689, 8vo. 21. "Auli Gellii Noctes Atticæ, cum Notis & Emendationibus Johannis Frederici Gronovii," Leyden, 1687, 8vo, 1706, 4to. 22. “M. T. Ciceronis Opera quæ extant omnia," Leyden, 1692, 4 vols. 4to, and 11 in 12mo. gestarum, qui de XXXI supersunt, Libri XVIII." Leyden, 1693, in folio and 4to. 24. "Johannis Frederici Gronovii de Sestertiis seu subsecivarum Pecuniæ veteris Græcæ & Romanæ Libri IV. &c." Leyden, 1691, 4to, with several additions. 25. "De Icunculâ Smetianâ quâ Harpocratem indigitarunt," Leyden, 1693, 4to. 26. "Memoria Cossoniana; id est, Danielis Cossonii Vita breviter descripta, cui annexa nova Editio veteris Monumenti Ancyrani," Leyden, 1695, 4to. 27. " Abrahami Gorlæi Dactylotheca cum Explicationibus," Leyden, 1695, 4to. 28. "Harpocrationis de Vocibus Liber; accedit Diatribe Henrici Stephani ad locos Isocrateos," Leyden, 1696, 4to. 29. "Oratio de primis Incrementis Urbis Lugduni," Leyden, 1696, 4to. 30. "Thesaurus Græcarum Antiquitatum," Leyden, 1697, &c. 13 vols. folio. Gronovius cannot be sufficiently commended for having undertaken this work after the example of Grævius, who published a body of the Roman antiquities. Laurent Beger, having found some things to object to in the three first volumes of this work, published at Berlin in 1702, in folio, "Colloquii quorundam de tribus primis Thesauri Antiquitatum Græcarum voluminibus, ad eorum Auctorem Relatio." 31. "Geographia antiqua;

23. 66 Ammiani Marcellini Rerum

hoc est, Scylacis Periplus Maris Mediterranei, &c. &c." Leyden, 1697, 4to. 32. "Appendix ad Geographiam antiquam," Leyden, 1699, 4to. 33. "Manethonis Apotelesmaticorum Libri sex, nunc primum ex Bibliothecâ Mediceâ eruti," Leyden, 1698, 4to. 34. "De duobus Lapidibus in agro Duyvenvoordiensi repertis," Leyden, 1696, 4to. 35. "Rycquius de Capitolio Romano, cum Notis Gronovii," Leyden, 1696, 8vo. 36. "Q. Curtius cum Gronovii & Variorum Notis," Amsterdam, 1696, Svo. 37. "Suetonius a Salmasio recensitus cum Emendationibus J. Gronovii," Leyden, 1698, 12mo. 38. "Phædri Fabulæ cum Joan. Fred. Gronovii & Jac. Gronovii Notis & Nicolai Dispontini collectaneis," Leyden, 1703, 8vo. 39. "Arriani Nicomediensis Expeditionis Alexandri Libri septem, & Historia Indica," Leyden, 1704, folio. This edition is a very beautiful one; and Gronovius displays in it the same extent of learning, which he does in all his other writings, and the same rude censure of all men of learning, who are not of his opinion. 40. "Minutii Felicis Octavius: accedunt Cæcilius Cyprianus de Idolorum Vanitate, & Julius Firmicus Maternus de Errore profanarum Religionum," Leyden, 1709, 8vo. 41. "Infamia Emendationum in Menandri Reliquias nuper editarum. Trajecti ad Rhenum, auctore Phileleuthero Lipsiensi. Accedit Responsio M. Lucilii Profuturi ad Epistolam Caii Veracii Philellenis, quæ extat parte IX Bibliothecæ selectæ Jo. Clerici," Leyden, 1710, 12mo. In this he attacks Dr. Bentley, who had assumed the name of Phileleutherus Lipsiensis; and Le Clerc, who had published an edition of the fragments of Menander and Philander, and to whom he ascribes the letter inserted in the "Bibliotheque choisie," which he animadverts upon. 42. "Decreta Romana & Asiatica pro Judæis ad cultum divinum per Asia Minoris urbes secure obeundum, a Josepho collecta in Libro XIV. Archæologiæ, sed male interversa & expuncta, in publicam lucem restituta. Accedunt Suidæ aliquot loca a vitiis purgata," Leyden, 1711, 8vo. The notes on Suidas are levelled against Ludolfus Kuster, who had published an edition of Suidas at Cambridge in 1705 in 3 vols. folio, and who wrote in vindication of himself, "Diatriba L. K. in quâ Editio Suidæ Cantabrigiensis contra Cavillationes Jacobi Gronovii Aristarchi Leydensis defenditur," inserted in the 24th tome of the Bibliotheque choisie, p. 49, and printed separately in 12mo. There was likewise a new edition with additions published at Amster

dam in 1712, 8vo, under the title of "Diatriba Anti-Gro noviana," 43. Ludibria malevola Clerici, vel Proscriptio prava Mercis ac Mentis pravissimæ, quam exponit in Minutio Felice Joannes Clericus tom. 24. Bibliothecæ selectæ," Leyden, 1712, 8vo. 44. "Recensio brevis Mutilationum, quas patitur Suidas in Editione nuperâ Cantabrigiæ anni 1705, ubi varia ejus Auctoris loca perperam in→ tellecta illustrantur, emendantur, & supplentur," Leyden, 1713, 8vo. 45. "Severi Sancti, id est, Endeleichii Rhetoris de Mortibus Boum Carmen ab Eliâ Vineto & Petro Pithæo servatum, cum Notis Job. Weitzii & Wolfgangi Seberi," Leyden, 1715, 8vo, with a preface, though without his name. 46. "Herodoti Halicarnassei Historiarum Libri IX. Græcè & Latinè, cum Interpretatione Laurentii Vallæ ex Codice Mediceo," Leyden, 1715, folio. This edition had not the general approbation of learned men, who discovered very gross errors in it. The reader may see upon this subject a piece of Kuster, entitled " Examen Criticum Editionis novissimæ Herodoti Gronovianæ," inserted in the 5th tome of M. le Clerc's Bibliotheque ancienne & moderne, p. 383, and another of Stephen Bergler in the Acta Eruditorum of Leipsic for 1716, p. 201, 337, and 417. Gronovius in this edition has attacked in the most furious manner several of the greatest men in the republic of letters, particularly Laurentius Valla, Æmilius Portus, Henry Stephens, Holstenius, Dr. Thomas Gale, Ezechiel Spanheim, Salmasius, Isaac Vossius, Tanaquil Faber, John le Clerc, Kuster, Bochart, Grævius, &c. He had a very extensive correspondence with the men of learning in Europe, and the utmost that can be said for his intemperate treatment of so many learned contemporaries, is, as we have been told, that his thoughts of many of them were kinder than his words.1

GRONOVIUS (JOHN FREDERICK), a physician and botanist of considerable learning, the son, we presume, of the preceding, was born in Holland, in 1690. He took his doctor's degree at Leyden in 1715, on which occasion he published a dissertation upon camphor, of the natural history and preparation of which he gives much new information. He settled at Leyden, and became one of the chief magistrates. He adopted the prevailing taste of his coun

1 Niceron, vol. II.-Gen. Dict.-Moreri.-Baillet Jugemens des Sçavans.Morhoff Polyhistor.-Saxii Onomast.