trymen for making collections of natural history, and in 1740 published his " Index Suppellectilis Lapideæ," or a scientific catalogue of his own collection of minerals, drawn up under the inspection, and with the assistance of Linnæus. In a letter to Haller, in 1737, Linnæus mentions Gronovius, with Burmann and Adrian Van Royen, as principally anxious to increase their collections of dried plants, instead of studying genera; which study Linnæus was destined to revive. Gronovius received from Clayton various specimens of Virginian plants, which he, with the assistance of Linnæus, then resident in Holland, arranged according to the sexual system, and with proper specific characters, descriptions, and synonyms, published under the title of "Flora Virginica," 1739, 8vo. A second part or supplement of the same work appeared in 1743, and a third was preparing when he died. This last being afterwards incorporated with the two former, the whole was published in 1762, 4to, by his son. In 1755, came out his "Flora Orientalis," 8vo, the materials of which were afforded by the collection made by Rauwolf, in his travels in the East during 1573, 1574, and 1575, and which, by favour of queen Christina of Sweden, came afterwards into the hands of the learned Vossius, who allowed the chief British botanists of his day to study and quote it. Gronovius determined by it above 330 species of oriental plants, which was a valuable addition to the knowledge of that day. The work is arranged after the Linnæan method, but trivial names, though invented and published in the first edition of the "Species Plantarum," two̟ years before, are not adopted, nor does the author appear to have used this publication. He was, however, in frequent correspondence with Linnæus, whom he furnished with numerous specimens of American plants sent by Clayton, and with whom he conferred on the subject of fishes amongst others, Haller mentions him as having written learned notes to the 20th and following books of Pliny. He continued to enrich his museum, and to devote it to the use of all who were desirous of consulting it, as long as he lived. In 1750 Gronovius is represented as labouring under the gout, as well as a hernia, but he lived to the age of seventy-two, dying in 1762. His herbarium was, after the death of his son, purchased by sir Joseph Banks.' Rees's Cyclopædia, to which we are indebted for the whole of this and the next article, not having found a notice of either in any other work, GRONOVIUS (LAURENCE THEODORE), son of the preceding, was born at Leyden in 1730. He took the degree of doctor of laws, and, like his father, attained to the chief civil honours of his native place. From him he imbibed a taste for natural history, and, as we have already mentioned, edited the latest and completest edition of the "Flora Virginica." He particularly excelled in the knowledge of fishes; but most departments of systematic zoology engaged his attention. He published in 1754, his "Museum Ichthyologicum," a handsome folio, with ample descriptions of the species. The second part appeared in 1756, accompanied by descriptions of the serpents in his father's museum. In 1763 appeared the "Zoophylacii Gronoviani fasciculus primus," containing descriptions of a few quadrupeds, more amphibia, and a still greater number of fishes, all from the same museum; the latter illustrated by 13 good plates, exhibiting 38 species. The second fasciculus of the same work, published in 1764, describes the insects of his collection, of which numerous species are engraved on four copper plates. A third and last, with three plates, came out in 1781, after the death of the author, which happened in 1777. He published in 1760 a very valuable work in 4to, entitled "Bibliotheca Regni Animalis atque Lapidei," on the plan of the “ Bibliothecæ Botanica" of Linnæus and Seguier, with an excellent Index Rerum, highly useful in such a publication. He furnished, moreover, an appendix of 65 quarto pages to the said work of Seguier.1 GROS (NICHOLAS LE), a learned French theologian, was born in December 1675, at Rheims, of obscure and poor parents. The religious of St. Genevieve, who served the parish of St. Denis at Rheims, undertook his education, and he was admitted doctor of divinity in that city in 1702, and became successively chaplain at Notre Dame, canon of the collegiate church of St. Symphorien, and, in 1704, canon of the cathedral at Rheims. He was also made governor of the little seminary of St. James by M Le Tellier, but was deprived of that office on this gentleman's death in 1710, and forbidden to preach or confess, on account of his zealous opposition to the bull Unigenitus. Being afterwards excommunicated by M. de Maille, who succeeded M. le Tellier as archbishop of Rheims, he went 1 Rees's Cyclopædia. to Paris, and afterwards to Holland, where he remained about a year with father Quesnel and Messrs. Petitpied and Fouillou; but when Louis XIV. died, the proceedings at Rheims were declared null, and M. le Gros returned thither in 1716. He was a zealous promoter of the appeal to a future council, and was the soul of the faculty of theology; but M. de Mailli obtained a lettre de cachet against him in 1721, by which he was banished to St. John de Luz. This sentence, however, he evaded, by living concealed four or five years. In 1725, he went into Italy to observe what passed in the council appointed by Benedict XIII. and at length retired to Holland, and there spent the last twenty-five years of his life, excepting a voyage he made to England. The archbishop of Utrecht chose him professor of divinity in his seminary at Amersfort, and he died at Rhinwick, near Utrecht, December 4, 1751, aged 76. His principal works are, 1. "Le Renversement des Libertés de l'Eglise Gallicane dans l'affaire de la Constitution Unigenitus," 2 vols. 12mo. 2. "La Sainte Bible traduite sur les textes originaux, avec les differences de la Vulgate," 1739, 8vo. M. Rondet published a new edition of this work 1756, in 6 small vols. 12mo.; but, on account of some alterations, it is not esteemed. 3. "Sept Lettres Théologiques contre le Traité des Prêts de Commerce, et en général contre toute Usure," 4to. 4. "Dogma Ecclesiæ circa Usurum expositum, et vindicatum;" with several other pieces in Latin against usury, 4to. 5. "Observations sur une Lettre attribuée à feu M. de Launoi sur l'Usure," 4to. 6. "Eclaircissement historique et dogmatique sur la Contrition," 12mo. 7. "Motifs invincibles d'Attachement à l'Eglise Romaine pour les Catholiques, ou de Re-union pour les pretendus Reformés," 12mo. 8. "Meditations sur la Concorde des Evangiles," 3 vols. 12mo. 9. "Sur l'Epître aux Romains," 2 vols. 12mo. 10. "Sur les Epîtres canoniques," 2 vols. 12mo. 11. "Mémoire sur les Droits du second Ordre," 4to. 12. "Mémoire sur l'Appel au futur Concile," 4to; several tracts on the Constitution, the Miracles, ascribed to M. Paris; the Convulsions, &c. 13. "Manuel du Chrétien," which contains the Psalms, the New Testament, and the Imitation, 24to. A book in twelves, entitled "Eclaircissement sur les Conciles généraux," is also attributed to M. le Gros.' GROSE (FRANCIS), an eminent English antiquary, was the son of Mr. Francis Grose, of Richmond, jewelter, who died in 1769. He was born in 1731, and having a taste for heraldry and antiquities, his father procured him a place in the college of arms, which, however, he resigned in 1763. By his father he was left an independent fortune, which he was not of a disposition to add to, or even to preserve. He early entered into the Surrey militia, of which he became adjutant and paymaster; but so much had dissipation taken possession of him, that in a situation which above all others required attention, he was so careless as to have for some time (as he used pleasantly to tell) only two books of accounts, viz. his right and left hand pockets. In the one he received, and from the other paid; and this too with a want of circumspection which may be readily supposed from such a mode of book-keeping. His losses on this occasion roused his latent talents: with a good classical education he united a fine taste for drawing, which he now began again to cultivate; and encouraged by his friends, he undertook the work from which he derived both profit and reputation: his Views of Antiquities in England and Wales, which he first began to publish in numbers in 1773, and finished in 1776. he added two The next year more volumes to his English views, in which he included the islands of Guernsey and Jersey, which were completed in 1787. This work, which was executed with accuracy and elegance, soon became a favourite with the public at large, as well as with professed antiquaries, from the neatness of the embellishments, and the succinct manner in which he conveyed his information, and therefore answered his most sanguine expectations; and, from the time he began it to the end of his life, he continued without intermission to publish various works, generally to the advantage of his literary reputation, and almost always to the benefit of his finances. His wit and good-humour were the abundant source of satisfaction to himself and entertainment to his friends. He visited almost every part of the kingdom, and was a welcome guest wherever he went. mer of 1789 he set out on a tour in Scotland; the result of which he began to communicate to the public in 1790, in numbers. Before he had concluded this work, he proceeded to Ireland, intending to furnish that kingdom with views and descriptions of her antiquities, in the same manner he had executed those of Great Britain; but soon after In the sum→ his arrival in Dublin, being at the house of Mr. Hone there, he suddenly was seized at table with an apoplectic fit, on the 6th May 1791, and died immediately. He was interred in Dublin. "His literary history," says a friend, "respectable as it is, was exceeded by his good-humour, conviviality, and friendship. Living much abroad, and in the best company at home, he had the easiest habits of adapting himself to all tempers; and, being a man of general knowledge, perpetually drew out some conversation that was either useful to himself, or agreeable to the party. He could observe upon most things with precision and judgment; but his natural tendency was to humour, in which he excelled both by the selection of anecdotes and his manner of telling them it may be said too, that his figure rather assisted him, which was in fact the very title-page to a joke. He had neither the pride nor malignity of authorship: he felt the independency of his own talents, and was satisfied with them, without degrading others. His friendships were of the same cast; constant and sincere, overlooking some faults, and seeking out greater virtues." Grose, to a stranger, says Mr. Noble, might have been supposed not a surname, but one selected as significant of his figure which was more of the form of Sancho Pança than Falstaff; but he partook of the properties of both. He was as low, squat, and rotund as the former, and not less a sloven; equalled him too in his love of sleep, and nearly so in his proverbs. In his wit he was a Falstaff. He was the butt for other men to shoot at, but it always rebounded with a double force. He could eat with Sancho, and drink with the knight. In simplicity, probity, and a compassionate heart, he was wholly of the Pança breed; his jocularity could have pleased a prince. In the "St. James's Evening Post," the following was proposed as an epitaph for him: "Here lies FRANCIS GROSE. Mr. Grose married Catherine, daughter of Mr. Jordan, of Canterbury, by whom he had two sons and five daughters; 1. Francis Grose, of Croydon-Crook in Surrey, esq. a coIonel in the army, governor in 1790 of New South Wales; 2. Onslow Grose, esq. captain of the pioneer corps on the |