Let the fettlement now be the limitation of the power of parliament ! Let it be faid what parliament CANNOT do! And then, what it CAN Do, will be fill p wer enough left, for any free government to poffefs. As under that declaration the power of parliament was faid to be unlimited, under such unlimitation, therefore, the rights of the people were taken away.

How any hereditary guardian, individually fworn to protect the conftitution, as it is, both in church and ftate, fhould claim an unlimited power in a limited ftate, and an arbitrary power in a free ftate, fo incongruous to each other, appears to me inconceivable! and if not justifiable in the individual, how can it confcientionfly admit of a juftification coLLECTIVELY, fo many individuals making but one collective whole ?^^. Although addreffed to the wife of a chancellor, this letter contains no eulogium on lawyers.

MISCELLANEOUS.

ART. XXXIII. Obfervations on the Trial of James Coigly for High Treafon together with an Account of his Death, including bis Addrefs to the Spectators. To which is added an Appendix, containing an interefting Correfpondence relative to the Trial, between Mr. Coigly's Solicitor and the Duke of Portland, &c. And alfo Letters written by Mr. Coigly to the Attorney General and the Duke of Portland: and other Documents connected with the Trial. By John Fenwick. 8vo. About 160 pages. Price 38. Printed for the Author. 1798.

THIS is a critical examination into the nature and extent of the evidence, on which the prifoner was convicted. Mr. F. animadverts with a juft feverity on the conduct of the rev. Mr. A. Young, and even appears to think, that a fresh jury fhould have been fummoned by the fheriff.

Mr. Foulkes, folicitor for the prifoner, and who feems to have interested himself greatly in behalf of his unfortunate client, wished to procure a copy of the examination at Bow-ftreet, in order to establish a variance in the evidence of the witneffes there and at the trial, and thus difcredit their teflimony; but this he tells us was not acceded to, on the part of the duke of Portland. ART. XXXIV. The Life of the Rev. James Caigly, Obfervations upon his Trial; an Addrefs to the People of Ireland; and feveral interefling Letters; all written by himself during his Confinement in Maidstone Gaol. 8vo. 57 p. (no Publisher's name.]

MR. Coigly has been convicted and executed, after trial by jury; we do not mean therefore to enter into any detail whatever on this fubject; but, as his private life may be deemed matter of curiofity, we hall here prefent our readers with an extract from a letter dated Maidftone Gaol, 30th April, 1798,' addreffed to a friend. P. 1.

I am the defcendant,' fays Mr. C., of ancient irish tribes. Not one of the plundering fettlers who enslaved my country appears on the lift of my ancestors. They were ftrenuous defenders of their country's independence; and were the latt to yield to the tyrant's yoke, by far the

greater

greater number choofing greatly to fall with a falling state, rather than furvive it's deftruction. Difclaiming any prefent title to forfeited lands, it is aftonishing to behold the immenfe property taken from my mother's ancestor by James the firft, who alfo almoft destroyed my father's family, and all it's connections, planting their inheritance with foreigners, and thus endeavouring to root out the fpirit and name of thefe warlike tribes together; yet their fcattered remains moft vigoroufly oppofed Cromwell, and were afterwards debarred of their rights at the Court of Claims by the wicked policy of Charles the fecond. Notwithstanding fuch treatment, they mustered all their forces in defence of his brother James; firft pofitively infifting on his acknowledgment of Ireland's rights, and his confent in writing, under his hand and feal, to the fuppreffion of boroughs and other grievances. See the fpeech of one of my ancestors, Daniel O'Donnelly, knight of the fhire for Tyrone, in the parliament held at Trim. He concluded by faying, that it was not their bufinefs to intermeddle in the quarrels of the kings of England, but in as much as they could ferve their country in doing fo; and if the king would not immediately confent to their juft demands, certain he was that his friends would ftand filent spectators of the contest. Fatally for my family, James figned the agreement; of course they continued in arms, and. my great grandfather O'Donnelly, together with feven of his brothers, were flain at the head of the tribe, bravely defending the bridge at the battle of the Boyne; and fo great was the carnage, that, at prefent, there is but one foli tary male of that family in exiftence.

It was my great-grandfather Coigly who invented and conftructed the famous boom at Fort Culmore for the blockade of Derry. He, with three of his brothers, were afterwards killed at Killcommoden, commonly called the Battle of Aughrim, gallantly fighting at the head of his regiment, after the infamous Lutterell had betrayed his country and caufe-You will fay, perhaps, that I mention this through va nity no! it is only to fhew that the fpirit of independence, and love of their country, have been in fome measure hereditary in my family; fo much that when Elizabeth made terms with the famous Tyrone, the offered alfo to make my ancestor, at that time, John O'Donnelly, an earl. He refufed, and said, that he never would wear the badge of foreign fervitude: he was Tyrone's fon in law, and foul of the war.' We are farther told, that his father, a plain honeft farmer,' gave him a good education; that he went to Paris in June, 1785, was foon after received as a student in the college of Lombard, entered into a difpute with the fuperiours, who had ufurped powers not granted them by the charter; that he narrowly avoided being lanternized at the commencement of the revolution, efcaped from the capital on the izth of october, 1789, and, after many difficulties, arrived in his native country of Armagh.

There he oppofed the Orangemen' and the Beresfords,' fled to this country, to avoid imprifonment, and was finally arrested at Margate, and tried at Maidstone.

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

HISTORY OF ACADEMIES.

ART. 1. THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY AT BERLIN Has announced the following queftion for a prize of 20 holland - ducats [91. 5s.]

be

On the fuppofition, that electricity is requifite to the formation of bail in the air, is there any reafon to expect, that the electrical cloud may rendered incapable of generating hail, and it's formation may confequently be prevented, as conductors prevent lightening? What means are to be employed for this purpose; and what date and obfervations, relating to this fubject in general, are extant, that defer-ve attention?

The anfwers, written in german, latin, or french, must be sent postage free, and in the ufual manner, before the first of january, 1800, addreffed an die Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde in Berlin.

ART. 11. THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SCIENCES AT COPENHAGEN Has propofed the following questions, the prize for each being the gold medal, value 100 r. [171. 10s.]

1. Hiftorical. What nations discovered and visited America prior to the norwegians? How far have the difcoveries of the norwegians extended in that quarter of the globe, particularly to the fouth? The proofs and arguments must be taken from authors, or from monuments, as fortreffes, buildings, language, and traditions, ftill extant in America.

2. Mathematical. To find the expreffions of all the quantities which jointly determine the measure of the effect of heat, and of every combuftible fubftance in common ufe, whether wood, turf, or coal.

The equation fought for determining a minimum is for four different cafes. 1. Where the wood, turf, or coal is burned in a grate for the purpose of warming the air enclofed in a certain fpace, as a room. 2. Where it is employed for boiling any fluid. 3. Where for hardening any foft fubftance, as in a brick-kiln. 4. Where for liquefying any hard fubftance, as fufing metals.

All the equations, founded on experiment, are to be fo constructed, that the calorific effect and economical ufe of every kind of wood, turf, and coal, may be algebraically determined.

3. Phyfics. To show by experiment what is the highest degree of heat, that can be imparted to other fubftantes by aquecus vapour: and whether that portion of the water in Papin's digefter, which is not in the state of vapour, can be heated beyond 212° of Fahrenheit.

4. Philofophy. What are the most memorable steps, that have been taken in practical philofophy, from the time when it began to be treated fyftematically to the prefent day?

The anfwers to the queftions must be fent in danish, german, french, or latin, before the end of june 1799, to prof. and Dr. Abilgaard, fecretary to the fociety, in the ufual manner, poftage free.

MEDICINE.

MEDICINE.

ART. 111. Jena. Prof. Hufeland has published a new edition of his Art of Prolonging Life [see an account of the translation in our Rev. Vol. xxvII, p. 52, in which the german reviewers obferve there are fome errours, which it is to be hoped will be corrected in a future edition]. Some additions are made to it, chiefly in the practical part; and among others, the author gives an account of things to be found in moft houfes, which may be used medicinally, with the purposes to which they may be applied. Such inftructions may be of confiderable utility in urgent cafes, particularly in the country, where no apothecary's fhop is at hand.

Jen. Allg. Lit. Zeit.

ART. IV. Hague. Adres en Vertoog ter Verbetering van het Genees en Heelkundige in Holland, &c. Addrefs and Scheme for Improving Phyfic and Surgery in Holland, prefented to the National Affembly, April 26, 1796, with Additions, by David Heilbron, M. D. 8vo. 142 P.

Two reports were made on Dr. H.'s Addrefs, and it was followed by a decree. His propofal of a fupreme medical college for the republic, however, was not adopted; and he has here answered the arguments adduced against it. The Dr. has added the two reports, fome extracts from Hufeland's Journal respecting the establishment at Jena, and others from the book published by the committee of inftruction at Paris, Jen. Allg. Lit. Zeit.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.

ART. V. Konigsberg. In the fecond part of Mr. Anderfon's Anatomico-phyfiological Treatife on the Nerves [fee our Rev. Vol. XXVII, p. 325], publifhed last year, 8vo, 187 p., the author treats of the nerves of the left fide of the heart, and of the diaphragm, and fome others, which he thought not accurately or fufficiently inveftigated; and concludes with a difquifition on fenfibility, contractility, and irritability.

PHARMACY AND MATERIA MEDICA.

ART. VI. Copenhagen, Arzneymittellehre, &c. The Materia Medica of the Mineral Kingdom, comprising crude, prepared, and compound Medicines, by Dr. J. Clem. Tode, Prof. of Phyf. &c. Vol. I. 8vo. 431 p. 1797.

This work will not disappoint the expectation that might be formed from it's learned and experienced author. Befide the merit of fullnefs and order, it is enriched with many important remarks, and ufeful practical obfervations. Jen. Allg. Lit. Zeit,

ENTOMOLOGY.

ART. VII. Upfal. Guftavi Paykull-Fauna Suecica, &c. The Swedish Fauna, by G. Paykull, Counf. &c. Infects. Vol. I.

Svo. 358 p. 1798.

P 3

From

From Mr. P.'s monographies of the genera carabus, ftaphylinus, and curculio, and his well-known zeal for entomology, it might be prefumed, that no one was better qualified to defcribe the infects of Sweden. The prefent volume contains the firft and smaller half of the fearabæi, according to the method of Fabricius: it has many new fpecies and genera, and fome corrections of Fabricius's defcriptions. Jen. Allg. Lit. Zeit.

GEOGRAPHY.

ART. VIII. Hildesheim and Petersburg. The fecond volume of Reinegg's Defcription of Caucafus [fee our Rev. Vol. xxv, p. 558], which concludes the work, was published by Mr. Schroeder laft year.

COMMERCE.

ART. IX. Madrid. Almanak mercantil ó Guia de Comerciantes, &c. The commercial Almanac, or Merchant's Guide, for the Year 1797. By Don Diego Maria Gallard. 8vo. 640 p.

This almanac, which has exifted feveral years, has confiderably improved. The prefent contains, a general lift of duties on goods imported and exported; things to be observed in foreign trade, particularly the american; trading places at home, trading companies, bankers, manufactures, &c.; coins, weights, and measures; ftate of America; fome foreign places of trade; tables for the reduction of measures, weights, and money; the new french calendar.

ANTIQUITIES.

Jen. Allg. Lit. Zeit.

ART. X. Lund. Inledning til Kännedom of Fäderneflandets Antiquiteter, Sc. An Introduction to the Knowledge of Swedish Antiquities, by N. H. Sjöborg. 8vo. 236 p. 5 plates. 1797.

Mr. S. is an enlightened antiquarian.

COINS AND MEDALS.

Jen. Allg. Lit. Zeit.

ART. XI. Vienna. Mr. Eckhel has proceeded very diligently with his grand work [fee our Rev. Vol. xv11, p. 233], the feventh volume having been published laft year. In this he charges the boatful Pinkerton with a falfehood, or at least an inexcufable précipitancy, which exhibits in his true colours the man, who has the effrontery to treat the learned Haym with contempt. In his Effay on Medals, Vol. 1, p. 269 and 301, he cites Havercamp's Numcphylacio Regina Chriftine for a coin of the emperour Claudius, with the fymbol and infcription of Britannia, of which no trace can be found in the whole work.' [We quote the german reviewer literally it is for Mr. Pinkerton to defend himself from the charge.]

HISTORY.

Jen. Allg. Lit. Zeit.

ART. XII. Magdeburg. Die Republik Graubünden, hiftorifch, Sc., dargestellt, &c. A geographical, ftatistical, and historical Account

of