CLARE HALL.

Clare Hall, in Cambridge, derives its name from Elizabeth, Countess of Clare, who founded it in 1347. It was established on the site of a former College called University Hall, founded in 1326, but destroyed by fire in 1343.

PEMBROKE COLLEGE.

Pembroke College, formerly called Pembroke Hall, in Cambridge, receives its name from Mary de St. Paul, widow of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who founded it in 1347.

PEMBROKE COLLEGE, OXFORD.

Pembroke College, Oxford, was founded in the early part of the 17th century on the site of Broadgate Hall, an ancient seminary for students of the civil and canon law. It received its name of Pembroke from William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of the University.

CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE.

Corpus Christi (vulgarly Benedict) College, in Cambridge, is so called in consequence of being founded by the brethren of the Guild, or Society of Corpus Christi, and the brethren of the Guild of the Blessed Virgin. Founded 1351.

CAIUS AND GONVILE COLLEGE.

Caius and Gonvile College, in Cambridge, takes its names from its founder, Edmund Gonvile, rector of Tirrington and Rushworth, in Norfolk, who founded it in 1348, and Dr. John Caius, who, in 1557 having rebuilt it, erected a Chapel, and endowed three additional fellowships and 20 scholarships, obtained from Queen Mary leave to be a co-founder, and to change the name from Gonvile Hall to Gonvile and Caius College.

LINCOLN COLLEGE.

Lincoln College, in Oxford, founded by Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincoln, and finished by Thomas Rotheram, his successor, 1427.

SYDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

Sydney Sussex College, Cambridge, receives its cognomen likewise from its founder, Frances, daughter of Sir William Sydney; and Countess-Dowager of Sussex, who died in the year 1589.

WADHAM COLLEGE.

Wadham College, in Oxford, derives its name from Nicholas Wadham, Esq., and Dame Dorothy, his wife, its founders. It was founded in 1612.

BRAZEN NOSE.

This College was founded by Wm. Smith, Bishop of Lincoln, and finished by Wm. Sutton, Esq., in 1513. Various have been the conjectures why it is called Brazen Nose College, but it is generally attributed to the circumstance of its founder going by that nickname when at College, in consequence of the peculiar appearance of his nose.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.

This was projected in 1825, and the first stone was laid on the 30th April, 1827, by the Duke of Sussex, and the institution situated in Gower-street, St. Pancras, was opened for Students in October, 1828. In November, 1836, it was incorporated by a Royal Charter, 7 William IV. The government is vested in five bodies:-1. General meetings of the Members. 2. The Council. 3. The Senate. 4. The Faculty of Arts and Laws. 5. The Faculty of Medicine. In 1834 an Hospital was opened in connection with it, which cost about £10,000, for the purpose of affording the medical students clinical instruction. The number of students in 1852 was 186. Connected with it is a School under the government of the Council. Students, in 1852, 289.

KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON.

This College is in the Strand, and was founded in 1828, on the following fundamental principle:-That every system of general education ought to comprise instruction in the Christian religion. A charter was granted in 1829, which appoints the Lord Chancellor and eight others as perpetual governors. The corporation is designated as "The Governors and Proprietors of King's College, London." It was opened for tuition in October, 1829. There is a School connected with it. The number of Students, in 1851, was as follows: -Department of general Literature, 111; Applied Sciences, 39; Medical, 196; Military, 11; College School, 449.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.

This University was created by charter of William IV; but, owing to a defect, a new one was granted by Queen Victoria, December 5, 1837. It consists of a body of Fellows, including a Chancellor and Vice Chancellor, who compose a Senate holding its sitting in Somerset House. The Senate, after examina

tion, confers the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Bachelor of Laws, Doctor of Laws, Bachelor of Medicine, and Doctor of Medicine. Both University and King's Colleges, as well as other minor institutions, are empowered to issue certificates to candidates for Degrees in Arts and Law at this University.

DULWICH COLLEGE.

This College, which is situated at the pleasant village of Dulwich, near London, was founded in the year 1619, by Edward Alleyn, a player. The College was for the support and maintenance of one Master, one Warden, and four Fellows, three of whom were to be ecclesiastics and the other a skilful organist; also six poor men, six women, and twelve boys, to be educated in good literature. He was a very eccentric character, and imposed a condition in his will, that none should be eligible for a master of the said College but those of the name of Alleyn or Allen.

This College is famed for the Burgeoise Picture Gallery, left to the public by the late Sir Francis Burgeoise, the eminent painter, whose remains rest here in a mausoleum contiguous to the gallery. The collection of paintings is very superior, and among them are to be found those of the most eminent masters particularly some of Murillo's masterpieces. Sir Francis died January 8, 1811.

RADCLIFFE LIBRARY.

The celebrated library at Oxford, well known as the Radcliffe Library, derives its name from Dr. John Radcliffe, who died in 1714. He was an eminent physician, and left £40,000 to the University of Oxford, for the augmenting their library, and which circumstance gave it its present name.

COTTONIAN LIBRARY.

The Cottonian Library, in the British Museum, derives its name from Sir Robert Cotton, who founded it. He died 1631.

BODLEIAN LIBRARY.

This far-famed public library is so called after its founder, Sir Thomas Bodley, who was born 1544, and died 1612. The library was founded in the 40th of Elizabeth, 1598.

ARUNDELIAN TABLES, OXFORD.

These tables are so called from having been purchased by Lord Arundel, and by him given to the University of Oxford, in 1667.

They contain the chronology of ancient history, from 1582 to 355 B.C., and said to have been sculptured 264 B.C. They were found in the Isle of Paros about 1610. The characters are Greek, of which there are two translations.

JESUITS.

The Jesuits, or the Society of Jesus, derive their origin from one Ignatius, who was born in the Castle of Loyola in 1495, in Guipuscoa, a part of Biscay near the Pyrenees. He was bred up in the court of Charles V., and was famed for his licentious vices and pleasures. He went into the army, and served in the garrison of Pampeluna when besieged by the French in 1521, where he was wounded in the left leg, and had his right one broken.

Ribadeneira, in his Lives of the Saints, says, that St. Peter appeared to Ignatius on the eve of his feast, and with a very gracious aspect said, that he was come to cure him. From the time of this visit, says this Chronicler of the Saints, Ignatius grew much better, and not long after recovered his perfect health; but as he was a spruce young gallant, desirous to appear in the most neat and comely fashion, he caused the end of a bone which stuck out under his knee, and did somewhat disfigure his leg, to be cut off, that so his boot might sit more handsomely, as he himself told me, thinking it to be against his honour that such a deformity should be in his leg: nor would he be bound while the bone was sawed off.

Another biographer of Ignatius says, that although he was restored to health, his right leg nevertheless remained shorter than his left. Attired in the coarsest garb, he made a pilgrimage to Rome; for, as there is but one step between the ludicrous and sublime, so Ignatius Loyola, or Ignatius of Loyola, was transformed from the gay and debonair to the self-mortifying saint. He soon met with those who were as enthusiastic as himself; and having assembled ten of them at Rome in the year 1538, he proposed to substitute a new order, and for this purpose applied to Pope Paul III., then reigning. The historian Robertson says—

"The pope, to whom Loyola had applied for the sanction of his authority to confirm the institution, referred his petition to a Committee of Cardinals. They represented the establishment to be unnecessary, as well as dangerous, and Paul refused to grant his approbation of it. At last Loyola removed all his scruples, by an offer which it was impossible for any pope to resist. He proposed that, besides the three vows of poverty, of chastity, and of monastic obedience, which are common to all the orders of regulars, the members of his society should take a further vow of obedience to the Pope; binding themselves to go whithersoever

he should command, for the service of religion, and without requiring any thing from the holy see for their support. At a time when the Papal authority had received such a shock by the revolt of so many nations from the Romish church; at a time when every part of the Popish system was attacked with so much violence and success, the acquisition of a body of men thus peculiarly devoted to the See of Rome, and whom it might set in opposition to all its enemies, was an object of the highest consequence. Paul, instantly perceiving this, confirmed the institution of the Jesuits by his bull, granted the most ample privileges to the members of the society, and appointed Loyola to be the first General of the order. This event hath fully justified Paul's discernment, in expecting such beneficial consequences to the See of Rome from this institution. In less than half a century the society obtained establishments in every country that adhered to the Roman Catholic church; its power and wealth increased amazingly; the number of its members became great; their character, as well as accomplishments, became greater; and the Jesuits were celebrated by the friends, and dreaded by the enemies of the Romish faith, as the most able and enterprising order in the church."

ORDER OF SERVITES.

A religious order of the church of Rome, founded about the year 1233 by seven Florentine merchants, who, with the approbation of the Bishop of Florence, renounced the world, and lived together in religious community on Mount Senar, two leagues from that city. It is said, that when they first appeared in the black habit given them by the Bishop, the very children at the breast cried out "See the Servants of the Virgin!" and that this miracle determined them to take no other name than "Servites, or "Servants of the Virgin.' The order was reformed in 1593, and continues to exist in Italy. There are also Nuns of this order, who have several monasteries in Germany, Italy, and Flanders.

THE CHURCH CATHOLIC.

The Church-meaning by that term the Catholic or Universal Church mentioned in the Creeds-is that society instituted by our Blessed Lord, and completed by his Apostles. Its prescribed form of admission is Baptism; its constant badge of membership is the sacrament of the Eucharist; its officers are bishops and priests, assisted by deacons.

The term Catholic was first applied to the Christian Church to distinguish it from the Jewish; the latter being confined to a single nation, the former being open to all who should seek admission into it by Holy Baptism. Hence the Christian Church is general or universal. The first regularly organized Christian