LAWRENCE POULTNEY LANE.

This lane, which runs from Eastcheap to Thames street, derives its name from the adjacent church, which is dedicated to St. Lawrence, and also to Sir John Pulteney, who founded a college here.

LOTHBURY.

The etymology of Lothbury is uncertain; Stow says it is derived from berie, meaning a court, and the fact of its having been inhabited by founders and candlestick-makers, who, whilst turning and polishing their goods, make a loathsome noise which is very disagreeable to the passers-by, and by them it is disdainfully called Lothberie.

LOMBARD STREET.

This street is so named from the Lombards, who inhabited that part of Italy called Lombardy, being a class of people who first introduced the Banking system into England. This street was principally inhabited by goldsmiths, who, down to the reign of James the Second, were the only bankers in this country.

LIMEHOUSE.

This place, which is one of the Tower Hamlets, derives the appellation of Limehouse from Lime-hurst, which, by its Saxon termination, implies a grove of Lime-trees, which, according to Stow, abounded in this neighbourhood.

LAMBETH.

Lambeth is variously written-Lamb-hyde, Lam-hyte, &c., viz. a dirty station; from the circumstance of its being overflowed by the Thames.

MONMOUTH STREET.

This celebrated Wardrobe derives its appellation from James Duke of Monmouth, who had a house on the south side of Soho Square.

MINORIES.

Minories is derived from certain poor ladies of the order of St. Clair, or Minoresses, who were invited into England by Blanche, Queen of Navarre (wife to Edmund, Earl of Lancaster), who, in 1293, founded here a convent for their reception.

MONKWELL STREET.

On the site of Barbers' hall, or thereabouts, formerly stood a monastery of the Carthusian order, dedicated to St. Giles the

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patron of cripples. Here was a Well which was said to possess sovereign virtue," and to which the faithful and afflicted flocked daily. This well being under the special protection of the monks, it was in time denominated the Monks' Well, which circumstance ultimately gave a name to the street, now called Mugwell, or Monkwell Street, Cripplegate.

MILK STREET.

We had formerly our milk, honey, egg, and bread market. The three former were one market, and gave a name and locality to what is now called Milk Street, Honey-lane Market, &c. Every necessary of life, in former times, was obliged to be sold in open market; Cheapside was the principal market in the city. Milk Street is famed as the birthplace of Sir Thomas More.

MOORFIELDS.

So called from a mere, muir, or lake, which formerly stood here, and on which, says Fitzstephen, "the citizens amused themselves when it was frozen over, by tying bones to their feet and skaiting on the same; thys," he adds, " was manly sporte." After the great fire of London, 1666, the people lived in sheds and tents in Moorfields till such time as other tenements could be erected for them.

MAZE POND, SOUTHWARK.

This locality in the borough of Southwark, derives its name from the abbot of Battle having a very extensive labyrinth or maze in his garden here, and which gave to this particular spot its present appellation.

MARK LANE.

At the north-east corner of Mark Lane was anciently situate the manor-house, says Maitland, of Blanch Appleton, which in the reign of Richard II. belonged to Sir Thomas Roos of Hamelake, which manor had a privilege of holding a mart or fair, whence the adjacent lane was denominated Mart Lane, but now corrupted to Mark Lane. The great corn market of the metropolis is situated in this street.

ST. MARY AXE.

This street was originally called St. Mary's Street. It took its present appellation from possessing one of the three axes which beheaded the eleven thousand virgins. In 1565, the parish of St. Mary the Virgin was united to St. Andrew Undershaft.

MARY-LE-BONE.

The modern name of this locality is a perversion: it was originally written Mary-le-bourne, or Mary on the Brook (see Tyburn). It may be stated, however, that in the time of Elizabeth

it was called Marybone, and is so designated by lady Mary Montague (a century later) in the following line:

"And dukes at Marybone bowl time away.”

MINT, BOROUGH.

Opposite to the west end of St. George's Church, in the Borough, anciently stood a magnificent structure, belonging to the duke of Suffolk, which coming to Henry VIII., he converted it into a Mint, and which gave the present locality its name.

MILLBANK

Simply from a Mill that stood on the Thames bank here.

THE MEWS,

As at Charing Cross, is a name derived by Du Fresne, in his Glossary, from the Latin muta, and French La Meue, the disease to which hawks are subject, of yearly muting or changing their feathers, this being the place where the king's hawks were kept before it was converted into stables. Muta, he says, is also the building in which falcons are shut up when they mute, or change their feathers. Edward II. in his 13th year granted to John de la Beche, the custody of the king's houses, "de mutis" at Charrying, near Westminster. Ralph de Manners, the king's falconer, had, in the like manner, granted to him the custody of the King's Mews at Charinge, the 23rd of Edward III.; as also, Sir Simon de Burley, 1st Richard II. Henry VIII.is said to have kept his horses there, for which purpose he partly rebuilt the old structure; and the same was, by Edward VI. and Mary, afterwards enlarged and converted into stabling. From this place, its first use, and subsequent application, it has of late years been customary to give to any range of buildings erected for stabling the name of Mews.

The little of the original Mews which remained, and which was erected as above, was that lately occupied as a barrack, and which has now given way to the fine new opening to St. Martin's church. It was composed of red "Tudor Brick," with stone windows and dressings, supported by buttresses, and crenellated at top.

NEWINGTON BUTTS.

So called, from the citizens of London practising archery in that locality-the Butts being set up as targets.

NEWGATE.

Here stood a gate of the city, originally called Chamberlain's gate. It was used as a prison, so long back as 1218, for persons

of rank, before the Tower was used for that purpose. In 1422, this gate was rebuilt by the executors of the famous Sir Richard Whittington, out of the effects he had allotted for works of charity; his statue with the cat, remained in a niche to its final demolition on the rebuilding of the present prison. It was destroyed in the fire of 1666, and rebuilt in its late form, whence it obtained the name of Newgate, and which gave a name to the street so named. It was again burnt during the Gordon riots in 1780.

OLD BAILEY.

Our antiquaries are of opinion, says Maitland, that the Old Bailey is a corruption of Balehill (several such appellations still remaining in diverse cities and towns of this kingdom) ;* an eminence whereon was situated the Bale, or Bailiff's House, wherein he held a court for the trying of malefactors. Stow says, the Chamberlain of London held a court here as early as the reign of Edward III.

OLD JEWRY.

In the reign of Henry II., this quarter of the city was occupied principally by the Jews, hence it took the name of the Old Jewry. The church of St. Olave, Old Jewry, was one of their synagogues, until they were forcibly dispossessed of it, A.D. 1291.

PATERNOSTER ROW.

Howell says, Paternoster Row had its name from stationers or text-writers, who resided here, and wrote and sold all sorts of books, namely: A B C, with the Pater Noster, Ave, Creed, Graces, &c. There, and in Ave-Maria Lane, dwelt turners of beads, called Paternoster makers. It was afterwards inhabited by mercers, and now chiefly by booksellers.

PICKETT STREET.

The principal houses in this street were built by Alderman Pickett, from whom the street derives its name. It was built on the site of Butchers' Row, in 1813.

PETTY FRANCE.

So denominated from its being principally (in former times) inhabited by people of that nation. It was rebuilt in 1730, and called New Broad Street.

PEDLAR'S ACRE.

Pedlar's Acre, which runs parallel with the Thames from Westminster bridge towards Broad-wall, derives it name from *There is a Balehill at York, and another at Chester.

a portion of it being left by a pedlar to the parish of Lambeth, now a very valuable property. A painting on glass, representing the Pedlar and his Dog, may be seen in Lambeth church.

POULTRY.

This street was so denominated, from being the Poultry market. In the reign of William and Mary, however, the poulterers removed to Leadenhall, and were succeeded by haberdashers, glovers, &c.

PYE CORNER.

Pye Corner was so called, says Stow, from such a sign, sometimes a fair inne, for receipt of travellers, but now divided into tenements. It was at Pye Corner that the fire of London ended: the houses that escaped were taken down in 1809, and upon their site other dwelling houses have been erected, together with an engine-house. There is a figure of a bloated boy stuck up at the corner, on which is an inscription, ascribing the fire as a punishment on the citizens for their gluttony !

PHILPOT LANE.

This lane was called after Sir John Philpot, an alderman of London, who resided here, and who, in the reign of Richard II., fitted out a fleet at his own charge, and took abundance of prizes. On being called to account by the duke of Lancaster, for annoying the nation's enemies without authority, he was honourably acquitted, and the administration censured for not protecting the trade of the kingdom.

PORTPOOL LANE.

This lane was so denominated, from being the manor of Portpool (a prebend of St. Paul's cathedral), and received its name originally from a neighbouring pool.

PALL MALL.

Pall Mall, and the Mall in St. James's Park, take their names from being used as a walk, or place for the exercise of a game called Paille-Maille, introduced into England in the reign of Charles I., but long since disused.

PICCADILLY.

The derivation of the name is uncertain; Gerrard in his Herbal, 1596, says, "That the small wild buglosse grows upon the drie ditche banks about Pickadilla." From which, no doubt, the present street takes its name.