conquest. The seventh extends from the conquest to the conclusion.

HENRY BRADSHAW, a Benedictine monk, was born at Chester. Discovering an early propensity to religion and literature, he was received while a boy into the monastery of St. Werberg in the city; and afterwards sent to Gloucester college, in the suburbs of Oxford, where he studied theology with the novices of his order, and then returned to his convent at Chester. In the latter part of his life he applied himself chiefly to history, and wrote several books. He died in 1517. His poetry is not inferior to that of his contemporaries. His works are "De Antiquitate et magnificentia urbis Cestria Chronicon." The Life of the glorious virgin of St. Werberg, printed, London 1521, 4to. in verse. The life of St. Werberg makes only part of this work; for it contains only a description of the kingdom of Mercia, life of St. Ethelred, the life of Sexburg, the foundation and history of Chester, and the chronicles of some kings. Bishop Tanner says, that he wrote a chronicle in English verse, perhaps the above" Chronicon," extracted from Bede, Malmesbury, Giraldus, and others.

RICHARD KYDERMYSTER, a native of Worcester, and abbot of a monastery of Benedictines at Winchcombe, in Gloucestershire, of which abbey he wrote the history; also some pieces against the Reformation. He died in 1581.

JOHN AUTHON, or AUTON, historiographer of France under Louis XII., abbot of Angle in Poitou, was originally of Saintonge, and said to be of the same family from which the famous Barbarossa descended. He wrote the history of France from 1490 to 1508, with admirable faithfulness. He died in January 1523. Only a part of his history has been printed.

BERNARDINE CORIO, an historian of Italy, was born of an illustrious family, at Milan, in 1460. He was secretary of state to that duchy; and the duke Lewis Sforza appointed him to write the history of Milan. He died in 1500. The best edition of his history is that of 1503, in folio. It is printed in Italian, and is very scarce.

FERNANDO DE PULGAR, secretary, counsellor, and chronicler to Ferdinand and Isabella. He was a native either of the city, or kingdom of Toledo. He wrote the chronicle of the Catholic kings up to 1492. This chronicle was first published in 1565. The Claros Varones of Pulgar have been more frequently printed. These brief but valuable sketches of contemporary biography were ably edited for the last time at Madrid, 1776, in one volume.

MARK ANTHONY COCCIUS SABALICUS, an Italian, born at a small town upon the Teveron. He became professor of belles lettres at Vicenza. He obtained a pension

for writing the history of the Republic. He died in 1506. His other works have been printed in 4 vols. folio. The principal is a Universal History, in Latin.

SCIPIO DUPLEIX, of Condom, was master of requests, and historiographer of France. In his old age he wrote a book on the liberty of the Gallican church, which he presented to chancellor Legnier, but the courtier threw it into the fire, which so shocked the venerable author, that he returned to Condom, and died soon after, of deep vexation, 1561, aged 92. His works are-1. Memoires of the Gauls, 1650, folio, a book of great value. 2. History of France, in 6 vols. folio. 3. Roman History, 3 vols. folio. 4. A Course of Philosophy, 3 vols. 12mo.

ANDREW NAVAGIERO, a noble Venetian historian, who began a history of Venice, but died without completing it. His other works were printed at Padua in 4to. in 1718. He died in 1529, as he was journeying on an embassy to Francis I. GORELLI, or GREGORIO, the son of Raynier, of the family of Luisgardi. He wrote the history of Italy, in verse, upon the model of Dante. It is unknown at what period he died.

MARK GUAZZI, of Padua, wrote an history of Charles VIII., an history of his own time, and other things, much admired.

BONAVENTURE ATTARDI, monk of the Augustine order, was born at St. Philip of Agin, in Sicily, and became professor of church history at Catania, also provincial of his order in Sicily and Malta.

ANDREW of RATISBON, an historian, who wrote a chronicle of the dukes of Bavaria, and a history of Bohemia. GEORGE CODINUS, one of the curopalates, or officers who had the care of the imperial palace of Constantinople. He wrote a treatise on the origin of that city, in the Greek language, and another on the officers of the palace, and those of the great church in that city. These works were translated into Latin by George Douza and Francis Junius, and printed in Greek and Latin at Paris, in 1615. His Antiquities of Constantinople were published by Goar, at the royal press, in 1648, fol.

SANUTO, a person of celebrity, who lived to the year 1535, and was much employed in public affairs by the republic of Venice. He wrote an ample chronicle of that state from its origin to 1501, which has been published in Muratori's Collection of the Italian Historians.

PAULUS ÆMILIUS, a celebrated historian, was a native of Verona, and obtained such reputation in Italy that the cardinal of Bourbon invited him into France in the reign of Louis XII. to write the history of the kings of France in Latin, and

gave him a canonry in the cathedral of Paris. He was near 40 years in writing that history, which has been greatly admired, and died at Paris in 1529.

JOHN MAJOR, a Scottish historian and divine, born at Cleghorn, near Haddington, in 1469. He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge. He went to Paris in 1493, and studied in the college of St. Barbe under John Baulac. Thence he removed to that of Montacute, where he studied divinity under Llandouk. In 1498 he was entered in the college of Navarre. In 1505 he was created D.D.; he returned to Scotland in 1519, and taught theology several years in the university of St. Andrew's. But being disgusted with the quarrels of his countrymen, he returned to Paris, and resumed his lectures in the college of Montacute, where he had several pupils, who afterwards became eminent. About 1530, he returned once more to Scotland, and was chosen professor of theology at St. Andrews, of which he afterwards became provost, and there died in 1547, aged 78. His logical treatises, his commentary on " Aristotle's Physics," and his theological works, amount to several large volumes folio; which, though now disregarded, were admired by his contemporaries: A work, less prized in his own age, has made him known to posterity. His book " De Gestis Scotorum," was first published at Paris by Badius Ascensius, in 1521. He rejects in it some of the fictions of former historians. He intermingles the history of England with that of Scotland, and shews his impartiality by admitting the authority of English writers, often in preference to those of his own country. Bede, Caxton, and Froissard, were much consulted by him. The freedom with which he has censured the rapacity and indolence of ecclesiastics, and the strain of ridicule with which he treats the pope's supremacy, does honour to his judgment. But Bishop Spottiswood calls his style sombonnic and barbarous.

POLYDORO VERGILIO, an historian, was born at Urbino, and became first known to the learned by a Latin collection of proverbs, preceding that of Erasmus, and the occasion of some bickering between them. It was printed in 1498, and frequently republished. In the following year appeared his work "De Rerum Inventoribus," a very learned performance, but destitute of sound criticism, and exhibiting many evidences of the credulity of the author. About the commencement of the following century pope Alexander VI. deputed him to England, for the purpose of collecting the papal tribute called Peter-pence. As he was admired in this country for his learning and Latin style, he was promoted to the archdeaconry of Wells, and engaged by Henry VII. to write a history of England. This work was begun in 1505, and printed at Basil in 1548, with a dedication to Henry VIII

Enjoying in this country the preferments of prebend and archdeacon, he wished to continue in it, notwithstanding the changes of religion that had occurred, and the cessation of his office as collector of a tax that no longer subsisted, more especially as he evinced himself, by his approbation of the marriage. of the clergy, and his condemnation of the worship of images, to be no strict Catholic. He had likewise introduced into his treatise" De Inventoribus," some passages which the Inquisition expunged, and reflected on the pride of the clergy, by suggesting that St. Peter would not suffer Cornelius the centurion to kiss his feet. He ventured, however, in 1550, being in advanced life, to return to his own country for the benefit of a warmer climate. His English benefices were continued till his death, which happened at Urbino about 1555. Of his history of England, contained in 26 books, and extending to the reign of Henry VIII., it is sufficient to observe, that its style is clear and elegant, but that the matter of it has been censured by various writers.

BOECE, or BOETHIUS, the historian, was born at Dundee about A.D. 1470, and studied with applause in the university of Paris, where he became acquainted with Erasmus, and laid the foundation of a friendship which was honourable to him. In 1500 he was recalled to Aberdeen by Bishop Elphinston, who made him principal of that university. Gratitude for this promotion engaged him to write with particular attention the life of that prelate. It appeared in his history of the diocese of Aberdeen; and may be considered, perhaps, the most valuable portion of that work. His History of Scotland, a more useful undertaking, was first published in 1526. In 1574 it underwent a second impression, and was enriched with the 18th and a part of the 19th. A farther continuation of it was executed by Johannes Fenerius Pedemontanus. Boece died about A. D. 1550. He has been compared, and not without reason, to Geoffrey of Monmouth. He had a propensity to fable and exaggeration; a fault, for which the elegance of his expression does not compensate. His judgment was not equal to his genius; and his fictions as an historian are a contrast to his probity as a man. John Ballenden,

archdeacon of Murray, translated his history into the Scottish language at the desire of James V. This translation Will. Harrison converted, though with many imperfections, into English; and his associate Hollingshed published his work in his Chronicle, with additions and improvements by the ingenious Francis Thynne.

JAMES NARDI, an historian, was of a noble family, and born at Florence in 1476. When the house of Medici gained the superiority, he was banished from the republic, on which he removed to Venice, where he wrote the history of his

native country, which however, was not published till after his death, an event that is supposed to have occurred in 1555.

N. ZACUTUS published a book entitled, "Juchasin, a Jewish chronology, from the creation to the year 1500."

LEANDER ALBERTI, a native of Bologna, and provincial of the Dominicans, who died in 1552, aged seventythree. He was the author of An History of Illustrious Dominicans, folio; A Description of Italy, 4to; Biographical Memoirs; and a history of Bologna.

JOHN MOLINA, a Spanish historian, author of "Cronica antiqua d' Aragon," published at Valencia in 1524, in folio; and of " De las memorables d' Espagna," in folio, published in Alcala.

JOHN LEO PLACENTIUS, was born in the principality of Liege, and entered among the Dominicans. He died at Maestricht in 1548. His works are ;-Catalogus Antistitum Leodiensium; a History of the Bishops of Tongres and Liege; a poem entitled, Pugna Porcorum, in which every word begins with P.

GERARD EOBANUS GELDENHARIUS GELDENHAUR, an historian and Protestant divine, born at Nimeguen in 1482. He studied classical learning at Deventer, and went through his course of philosophy at Louvain, where he contracted a very strict friendship with several learned men, and particularly with Erasmus. He became reader and his torian to Charles of Austria, and afterwards to Maximilian of Burgundy. At length he embraced the Protestant religion ; taught history at Marpurg, and afterwards divinity till his death, in 1542. He wrote a History of Holland: a History of the Low Countries: a History of the bishops of Utrecht; and other works.

FRANCIS GUICCIARDINI, a celebrated historian, born at Florence in 1482. He professed the civil law with reputation, and was employed in several embassies. Leo X. gave him the government of Modena and Reggio, and Clement VIII., that of Romagna and Bologna. Guicciardini was also lieutenant-general of the pope's army, and distinguished himself by his bravery on several occasions; but Paul III., having taken from him the government of Bologna, he retired to Florence, where he was made counsellor of state, and was of great service to the house of Medici. He at length retired into the country to write his history of Italy, which he composed in Italian, and which comprehends what passed from 1194 to 1532. This history is greatly esteemed; and was continued by John Baptist Adriani, his friend. He died in 1540.

PETER MEXIA, a Spanish Historian of some celebrity, was born at Seville of a noble family. He was historiographer